RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Delayed wound healing represents a common health hazard. Traditional herbal products have been often utilized to promote wound contraction. The current study aimed at assessing the wound healing activity of Opuntia ficus-indica seed oil (OFI) and its self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (OFI-SNEDDS) formula in a rat model of full-thickness skin excision. METHODS: Based on droplet size, an optimized OFI-SNEDDS formula was prepared and used for subsequent evaluation. Wound healing activity of OFI and OFI-SNEDDS was studied in vivo. RESULTS: The optimized OFI-SNEDDS formula droplet size was 50.02 nm. The formula exhibited superior healing activities as compared to regular OFI seed oil-treated rats at day 14 of wounding. This effect was further confirmed by histopathological examinations of H&E and Masson's Trichrome-stained skin sections. Moreover, OFI-SNEDDS showed the highest antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities as compared to OFI seed oil-treated animals. Both OFI and OFI-SNEDDS significantly enhanced hydroxyproline skin content and upregulated Col1A1 mRNA expression, accompanied by enhanced expression of transforming factor-beta (TGF-ß). Further, OFI-SNEDDS improved angiogenesis as evidenced by increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). CONCLUSION: OFI possesses wound healing properties that are enhanced by self-emulsification of the oil into nano-droplets. The observed activity can be attributed, at least partly, to its anti-inflammatory, pro-collagen and angiogenic properties.
Assuntos
Emulsões/química , Opuntia/química , Óleos de Plantas/química , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Cicatrização/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/administração & dosagem , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Colágeno Tipo I/genética , Cadeia alfa 1 do Colágeno Tipo I , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos , Emulsões/farmacologia , Hidroxiprolina/metabolismo , Masculino , Óleos de Plantas/administração & dosagem , Ratos Wistar , Sementes/química , Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Pele/metabolismo , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/genética , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/metabolismo , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/farmacologia , Cicatrização/genéticaRESUMO
The impacts of unnatural every day cycles (circadian) for 60â¯days on the histological structure of kidneys and ATPase activities in MF1 mice were studied. The exposure times were 16â¯h dark, 16â¯h light, 24â¯h dark, and 24â¯h light, and control exposure times were 12â¯h dark followed by 12â¯h light. Our results showed an increase in the total ATPase activity of mice in all groups. Additionally, the activity of the enzyme Na+/K+-ATPase was increased after 24â¯h darkness, 24â¯h light, and 16â¯h light exposures compared to control. The enzyme Mg+2-ATPase activities of the groups were higher when exposed to 16â¯h light, 24â¯h light, 24â¯h darkness and 16â¯h darkness. The activities of total ATPase, Na+/K+-ATPase and Mg+2-ATPase in kidneys were increased in all groups after 24â¯h light, 24â¯h darkness, 16â¯h darkness and 16â¯h light exposures. Interestingly, the activity of V-type ATPase was reduced after 16â¯h darkness, 24â¯h darkness and 16â¯h light. Taking everything into account, changes in the day by day cycle prompt neurotic changes, enzymatic and histological changes in the kidneys of mice. More studies should be directed to explore the impacts of light and darkness that can prompt these progressions.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The study aims to analyse the action of zingerone in diabetes-related cardiac arrhythmias. METHODS: Diabetes was induced by streptozocin while treatment groups received 20 mg/kg zingerone daily. Following extra seven weeks, electrocardiography, extraction of blood, urine and heart for biochemical analysis, histopathology and immunofluorescence were undertaken. RESULTS: The suppression of QT and QTc prolongation in diabetic rats was indicative of prolonged cardiac repolarisation that was greatly reduced by zingerone treatment. In addition, the reduction in PR interval attested that zingerone improved AV delay in diabetic rats. The fibrogenic transforming growth factor ß1 upregulation in diabetic hearts was suppressed by zingerone. The marked glycogen deposition and muscle degeneration seen in diabetic heart sections were also alleviated by zingerone. Furthermore, zingerone prevented the decrease in of the serum anti-inflammatory cytokine adiponectin in diabetics. The heightened levels of oxidative stress markers 8-isoprostane and uric acid in diabetic rats were suppressed. In the diabetic heart, the reduced catalase activity was improved and the excessive expression of angiotensin receptor 1 was inhibited by zingerone. CONCLUSION: Cardiac delayed repolarisation and AV conduction in rats with diabetes were halted by zingerone. It appears that inhibition of cardiac fibrosis and associated inflammation-oxidative stress signalling underpins the zingerone effect.