The relationship between changes in functional networks and cognitive changes and PTSD symptoms in maltreated children before and after TF-CBT.

Several studies have found that maltreated children show neuropsychological deficits in various cognitive domains such as memory and attention, language, visuospatial skills, emotional regulation, social cognition, and executive functioning. In terms of functional connectivity, abused children show an increased connectivity in the salience network (SN) as opposed to a decreased connectivity within the default (DMN) and executive networks (CEN). Children who suffer maltreatment may develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which in turn, can increase psychological and cognitive sequelae. The present study examined the relation between resting state functional connectivity (RSFC), PTSD symptoms and neuropsychological profiles in abused children before and after following a psychological therapy named Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral therapy (TF-CBT). Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging, neuropsychological (attention, memory and executive functions) and clinical evaluations were performed in 13 abused children with PTSD (mean age=8.77 years old, S.D.=1.83) recruited from a non-governmental shelter in Mexico and in a control group of 10 children from the general population (mean age = 9.57 years old, S.D. = 1.91). Both groups were matched according to age and gender. Changes in PTSD symptoms correlated with changes in the left insula node. Additionally, significant correlations were identified between changes in the average connectivity of the DMN, intra-nodal connectivity of lateral parietal and medial prefrontal regions, and performance in attention and memory tasks.

Análisis de los argumentos recibidos en la consulta pública para el etiquetado frontal de advertencia mexicano.

OBJETIVO: Analizar los diferentes elementos en los argumentos recibidos durante la consulta pública del Proyecto de Modificación a la Norma Oficial Mexicana-051 (NOM-051), con énfasis en la protección de niñas, niños y adolescentes (NNA). Material y métodos. Se analizó la información de 1 095 argumentos, se identificó a los actores clave y se realizó un análisis de contenido para conocer la postura, a favor o en contra de los numerales relacionados con la protección a NNA. El análisis se hizo en el programa NVivo. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron 781 actores clave. Durante la consulta pública se identificaron cuatro tácticas del sector privado para interferir en el proceso de la NOM-051: a) grupos fachada que enviaron comentarios en contra de la NOM-051; b) cuestionar la evidencia científica sobre la relación del consumo de edulcorantes y el desarrollo de obesidad en escolares; c) cuestionar la efectividad del uso del etiquetado de advertencia para edulcorantes; d) responsabilizar a los individuos de su enfermedad. Conclusión. La interferencia del sector privado en el proceso de implementación de la NOM-051 fue evidente en los argumentos enviados durante la consulta pública.

Can psychopathy be prevented? Clinical, neuroimaging, and genetic data: an exploratory study.

The aim of the study was to explore the relationship among brain functional activations elicited by an emotional paradigm, clinical scores (PTSD, anxiety, and depression), psychopathic traits, and genetic characteristics (5-HTTLPR) in a group of severely maltreated children compared to a healthy control group before and after the implementation of a Trauma Focused-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. The final sample consisted of an experimental group of 14 maltreated children (mean age = 8.77 years old, S.D. = 1.83) recruited from a non-governmental shelter in Mexico City for children who had experienced child abuse and a control group of 10 children from the general population (mean age = 9.57 years old, S.D. = 1.91). Both groups were matched according to age and gender and were assessed before and after the implementation of the aforementioned therapy by means of clinical scales and an emotional paradigm that elicited brain activations which were recorded through functional magnetic resonance imaging. Genotyping of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism was made at first assessment. A region of interest analysis showed amygdala hyperactivation during exposure to fear and anger stimuli in the maltreated children before treatment. Following therapy, a decrease in brain activity as well as a decrease in clinical symptoms were also observed. 5-HTTLPR polymorphism did not show any effect on the severity of clinical symptoms in maltreated children. Trauma-Focused Behavioral Therapy may help reorganize the brain's processing of emotional stimuli. These observations reveal the importance of an early intervention when the mechanisms of neuroplasticity may be still recruited.

Sialolitiasis, sialoadenitis y sialoadenosis. Revisión de literatura y reporte de un caso clínico / Sialolithiasis, sialadenitis and sialadenosis. Review of literature and report of a clinical case

Introducción: la formación de sialolitos se considera la alteración más común en las glándulas salivales. Su origen aún no es claro en cuanto a qué provoca la obstrucción parcial o total del sistema de conductos salivales, con una predilección significativa en las glán - dulas submandibulares, lo que permite un desplazamiento retrógrado de bacterias a través del conducto salival hacia la glándula afectada, el cual se traducirá clínicamente como inflamación unilateral o bila - teral. El tratamiento para la sialolitiasis y sialoadenitis puede variar desde un manejo conservador hasta tratamientos que implican la remoción de la glándula salival afectada. La sialoadenosis difiere de las anteriores en su origen, ya que ésta no se considera inflamatoria ni neoplásica y no afecta la función glandular de excretar saliva. Presentación de caso clínico: se trata de paciente masculino con diagnósticos presuntivos de sialoadenitis y sialolitiasis, al cual se le realizó biopsia escisional de la glándula afectada, su estudio histo- patológico corroboró los diagnósticos mencionados anteriormente que además confirmó un diagnóstico de sialoadenosis. Conclusio- nes: la escisión de la glándula salival involucrada se realizará en casos diagnosticados de sialoadenitis y sialolitiasis con sialolitos de gran tamaño y procesos supurativos crónicos que no resuelven con antibioticoterapia (AU)

Objective understanding of front of pack warning labels among Mexican children of public elementary schools. A randomized experiment.

BACKGROUND: Warning Labels (WL) highlight excessive amounts of critical nutrients in order to discourage consumption of unhealthful packaged food products. This study aimed to evaluate among Mexican school children, the objective understanding of traditional and numeric WL (aimed at small products) considered by the Mexican regulation, and whether cartoon characters influenced the understanding of WL. We also tested some communication strategies to facilitate the correct use of the WL. METHODS: We carried out a randomized experiment in July 2019 in public elementary schools from Morelos, Mexico. Participants aged 6-13 years, were randomly assigned to one of four groups: 1) Nutrient Facts Panel (NF) (n = 120), 2) Nutrient Facts Panel with cartoon characters (NF + C) (n = 83), considered the control groups, 3) Warning Labels (WL) (n = 109), and 4) Warning Labels with cartoon characters (WL + C) (n = 96). After allocation, children assigned to both WL groups (WL or WL + C), were randomly required to watch two posters simultaneously or a video explaining how to correctly interpret WLs. Logistic regression models adjusted by sex, age and cluster (school) were fitted. RESULTS: The percentage of children correctly choosing the healthiest or the unhealthiest option was higher for WL groups (56.8, 95%CI; 40.8-72.8) compared to NF groups (24.3, 95%CI; 20.4-28.3, p < 0.05). The understanding of traditional WL was higher (28.7, 95%CI: 22.8-35.4) than the numeric WL (19, 95%CI: 14.2-25.0, p < 0.05). But, correct answers for identifying healthy and unhealthy products were higher for numeric WL than for NF groups. Cartoon characters reduced the percentage of correct answers for choosing unhealthiest products (WL + C: 48.9, 95%CI: 25.6-72.4 vs WL: 58.7, 95%CI: 36.4-81.1, p < 0.05). The video was 2.23 times more helpful than the posters to the correct interpretation of the WL (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In scholar Mexican children, traditional and numeric WL were useful to identify healthier and unhealthier packaged products in comparison to NF, suggesting that both WL formats may effectively communicate the excessive content of nutrients of concern among children. Cartoon characters may reduce the objective understanding of the WL, underscoring the need to regulate advertising directed to children along with the implementation of front-of-pack labeling.

Volviéndonos mejores: necesidad de acción inmediata ante el reto de la obesidad. Una postura de profesionales de la salud.

La creciente epidemia de obesidad ha sido uno de los retos más importantes de salud pública en México durante los últimos años. Con apoyo de la Federación Mundial de Obesidad, en 2021 formamos un grupo de profesionales para identificar y resumir las acciones prioritarias en las que puede enfocarse nuestro país para hacer frente a esta epidemia. Al proceso de desarrollo y discusión de este grupo se sumaron más de 1 000 profesionales de la salud para retomar recomendaciones de documentos y guías de alto nivel previamente publicados. En conmemoración del Día Mundial de la Obesidad, en este 2022 se presenta esta postura como insumo para el desarrollo de acciones en el ámbito profesional y de los diferentes sectores, en la que se incluyen 10 recomendaciones de acción, desde la perspectiva poblacional hasta la atención individualizada, y se enfatiza en la importancia de la participación social, de las intervenciones integrales con visión centrada en la persona y de la sostenibilidad planetaria, además de mejorar la educación y las campañas de difusión, propiciar un ambiente promotor de entornos activos y blindar de conflictos de interés los esfuerzos de prevención y control. La postura hace un llamado para abordar la obesidad de manera seria, con base en la evidencia científica, oportuna e integral, con enfoque de curso de vida, de forma ética y sensible, y sin perpetuar las barreras del estigma de peso en la sociedad.

Evaluation of the Mexican warning label nutrient profile on food products marketed in Mexico in 2016 and 2017: A cross-sectional analysis.

BACKGROUND: Different nutrient profiles (NPs) have been developed in Latin America to assess the nutritional quality of packaged food products. Recently, the Mexican NP was developed as part of the new warning label regulation implemented in 2020, considering 5 warning octagons (calories, sugar, sodium, saturated fats, and trans fats) and 2 warning rectangles (caffeine and non-nutritive sweeteners). The objective of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the Mexican NP and other NPs proposed or used in Latin America against the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) model. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Nutrition content data of 38,872 packaged food products available in the Mexican market were collected in 2016 and 2017. The evaluation of the Mexican NP, including its 3 implementation phases of increasing stringency (2020, 2023, and 2025), was conducted by comparing the percentage of products classified as "healthy" (without warnings) or "less healthy" (with 1 or more warnings), as well as the number and type of warnings assigned to food products, against the PAHO NP. Using the calibration method, we compared the classifications produced by the PAHO model against those produced by the NP models of Ecuador, Chile (3 phases), Peru (2 phases), Uruguay, and Brazil. Kappa coefficients and Pearson correlations were estimated, and proportion tests were performed. We found that the 3 implementation phases of the Mexican NP had near to perfect agreement in the classification of healthy foods (Mexico NP models: 19.1% to 23.8%; PAHO model: 19.7%) and a strong correlation (>91.9%) with the PAHO model. Other NPs with high agreement with the PAHO model were the Ecuador (89.8%), Uruguay (82.5%), Chile Phase 3 (82.3%), and Peru Phase 2 (84.2%) NPs. In contrast, the Peru Phase 1, Brazil, and Chile Phase 1 NP models had the highest percentage of foods classified as healthy (49.2%, 47.1%, and 46.5%, respectively) and the lowest agreement with the PAHO model (69.9%, 69.3%, and 73%, respectively). Study limitations include that warnings considered by the Mexican NP models were evaluated as if all the warnings were octagon seals, while 2 out of the 7 were rectangular warnings (caffeine and non-nutritive sweeteners), and that our data are limited by the quality of the information reported in the list of ingredients and the nutrition facts table of the products. CONCLUSIONS: The 3 implementation phases of the Mexican NP were useful to identify healthy food products. In contrast, the Peru Phase 1, Brazil, and Chile Phase 1 NP models may have limited usefulness for the classification of foods according to the content of ingredients of concern. The results of this study may inform countries seeking to adapt and evaluate existing NP models for use in population-specific applications.

Volviéndonos mejores: necesidad de acción inmediata ante el reto de la obesidad. Una postura de profesionales de la salud / Becoming better: the need for immediate action to address obesity. A position statement from health professionals

resumen está disponible en el texto completo

Abstract: In recent decades, the growing obesity epidemic in Mexico has become one of the most important public health challenges faced by the country. With support from the World Obesity Federation, we formed a working group in 2021 to identify and summarize priority actions that Mexico can take to face this epidemic. More than 1 000 health professionals joined the development and discussion process. Recommendations from previously published, high-level documents and guidelines were taken into account. In commemoration of World Obesity Day 2022, this statement is presented as input for health care professionals to develop actions to address obesity. The statement includes 10 recommendations that include population-level and individual-level actions. It emphasizes the importance of social participation, comprehensive interventions with a person- centered perspective, planetary sustainability, on improving education and communication campaigns, as well as fostering a built environment that promotes active living, and shielding prevention and control efforts from conflicts of interest. The statement calls for obesity to be treated seriously, based on scientific evidence, in a timely and comprehensive manner, employing a life-course and ethical approach that does not perpetuate weight stigma in society.

Consolidating evidence on the effectiveness of interventions promoting fruit and vegetable consumption: an umbrella review.

BACKGROUND: The overarching objective was to examine the effectiveness of intervention strategies to promote fruit and vegetable consumption. To do this, systematic review evidence regarding the effects of intervention strategies was synthesized; organized, where appropriate, by the setting in which the strategies were implemented. Additionally, we sought to describe gaps in the review of evidence; that is, where evidence regarding the effectiveness of recommended policy actions had not been systematically synthesised. METHODS: We undertook a systematic search of electronic databases and the grey literature to identify systematic reviews describing the effects of any intervention strategy targeting fruit and/or vegetable intake in children or adults of any age. RESULTS: The effects of 32 intervention strategies were synthesised from the 19 included reviews. The strategies were mapped across all three broad domains of the NOURISHING framework (i.e. food environment, food system and behaviour change communication), but covered just 14 of the framework's 65 sub-policy areas. There was evidence supporting the effectiveness of 19 of the 32 intervention strategies. The findings of the umbrella review suggest that intervention strategies implemented within schools, childcare services, homes, workplaces and primary care can be effective, as can eHealth strategies, mass media campaigns, household food production strategies and fiscal interventions. CONCLUSIONS: A range of effective strategy options are available for policy makers and practitioners interested in improving fruit and/or vegetable intake. However, the effects of many strategies - particularly those targeting agricultural production practices, the supply chain and the broader food system - have not been reported in systematic reviews. Primary studies assessing the effects of these strategies, and the inclusion of such studies in systematic reviews, are needed to better inform national and international efforts to improve public health nutrition. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The review protocol was deposited in a publicly available Open Science framework prior to execution of the search strategy. https://osf.io/unj7x/.

Nutritional Quality of Hidden Food and Beverage Advertising Directed to Children: Extent and Nature of Product Placement in Mexican Television Programs.

(1) Background: Nutrient-poor, energy-dense food and beverage (F&B) advertisements influence children's food preferences, consumption, and purchase requests, contributing to overweight and obesity. Objective: To characterize the nutritional quality of F&B advertised by product placement (PP) in Mexican television programs with the highest audience ratings for children. (2) Methods: A total of 48 h of television programs between December 2016 and January 2017 during the hours with the highest ratings for children were analyzed. Nutritional quality was assessed through the Mexican Ministry of Health (MMH-NPM), the World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe (WHO-Europe), and the Pan American Health Organization nutrient profile models (PAHO-NPM). (3) Results: A total of 119 F&B were broadcast, of which more than 60% were unhealthy according to the three nutritional models. Reality shows and movies presented the most PP advertising. The food category most frequently advertised was sugar-sweetened beverages (41.2%). F&B advertised in children's programs had a higher content of energy, total fat, and saturated fat (p < 0.01). (4) Conclusion: The MMH-NPM was the most permissive and the PAHO-NPM was the strictest for evaluating nutritional quality. Mexico must strengthen the regulation of advertising to protect children from its negative effects on health.

Ameloblastoma sólido plexiforme multiquístico en cuerpo mandibular izquierdo. Reporte de caso / Solid plexiform multicystic ameloblastoma in left mandibular body. Case report

En el 2017 la Organización Mundial de la Salud describió al ameloblastoma como una neoplasia benigna, localmente invasiva, consistente en una proliferación de epitelio odontogénico, que usualmente presenta un patrón folicular o plexiforme, y se encuentra dentro de un estroma fibroso. Cursa con un lento crecimiento y gran afinidad por el tejido óseo, presenta un alto índice de recurrencia, aproximadamente de 60 a 80%, si no es removido de la manera adecuada. Algunas variantes como la uniquística y la desmoplásica cuentan con un mejor pronóstico que la sólida o multiquística. Representan el 1% de todos los tumores de la mandíbula y el 11 % de todos los tumores odontogénicos. Se presenta el caso clínico de un paciente masculino de 43 años de edad que acude a nuestro servicio en el 2016 por presentar aumento de volumen con un año de evolución, asintomático, y con principios de movilidad dental en la zona mandibular izquierda. A la exploración intraoral se aprecia aumento de volumen en región mandibular con un incremento de expansión de las corticales, lo cual es involucrado desde la pieza dentaria 36 a la 41, no presenta sintomatología dolorosa a la palpación ni a la percusión. Palabras clave: Ameloblastoma; Reconstrucción mandibular; Neoplasias de la boca; Patología.

In 2017, World Health Organization described the ameloblastoma like a benign, locally invasive neoplasm , that consists in proliferation of odontogenic epithelium, which usually presents a folicular or plexiform pattern, and it is found inside a fibrous stroma. It presents slow development and affinity with woven osseus tissue, with high recurrence (60% -80%) if it is not well resected. Variants like uniquistic and desmoplastic have better prognostic than solid o multicyst. It represents the 1% of tumors of the jaw and the 11% of odontogenic tumors. The following case is a male patient, 43 years old which goes to our service in 2016 by increasing volume of a year of evolution, asymptomatic, and with principles of tooth mobility in left side of the jaw. Intraoral examination shows increase in volume in mandibular region with increased cortical expansion which involves teeth 36 to 41, asymptomatic to palpation or percussion of teeth involved. Keywords: Ameloblastoma; Mandibular reconstruction; Mouth Neoplasms; Pathology.

Síndrome de Eagle. Manejo del paciente en el Hospital Regional «Licenciado Adolfo López Mateos¼ / Eagle's syndrome. Patient handling at the «Licenciado Adolfo López Mateos¼ Hospital Mexico City

El síndrome de Eagle es definido como la elongación del proceso estiloides y calcificación del ligamento estilohioideo, se caracteriza por sintomatología dolorosa faríngea, odinofagia, disfagia, cefalea, irradiación de dolor a oreja y dolor cervical. El promedio de longitud del proceso estiloides es de 2.5 cm. La etiología del síndrome es poco conocida. Se reporta el caso de un paciente masculino de 53 años de edad con cervicalgia, dolor en región lateral del cuello, limitación de movimientos de lateralidad del cuello. Inicia protocolo para exéresis de ligamento estilohioideo por abordaje extraoral de tipo submandibular extendido. El objetivo del artículo es dar a conocer las ventajas del abordaje extraoral para esta patología, así como la terapia complementaria postquirúrgica empleada en el Hospital Regional «Licenciado Adolfo López Mateos¼ del ISSSTE.

Eagle's syndrome can be defined as the elongation of the styloid process and the calcification of the stylohyoid ligament. It is characterized by painful pharyngeal symptoms, odynophagia, dysphagia, headaches, pain irradiation to the ear and cervical pain. The average length of the styloid process is 2.5 cm. Eagle's syndrome etiology is not well known. The present study reports the case of a 53 year old male patient who presented cervical pain, pain at the lateral region of the neck, as well as limitations in neck lateral movements. Protocol was initiated for stylohyoid ligament resection via extended sub-mandibular extra-oral approach. The aim of the present article was to raise awareness on the advantages of extraoral approach in these cases, as well as supplementary postsurgical therapy used at the Regional Hospital «Licenciado Adolfo López Mateos¼, ISSSTE (Mexico).

Tumor odontogénico adenomatoide. Reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor. Case report and literature review

El tumor odontogénico adenomatoide es una neoplasia de tipo benigno hamartomatosa de origen odontogénico, se presenta en pacientes jóvenes, siendo el género femenino y la región maxilar los más afectados, de crecimiento lento, asintomáticos, se relacionan a órganos dentarios no erupcionados principalmente el canino, clínicamente se clasifica como: folicular, extrafolicular y periférico, el tratamiento para esta lesión es la enucleación y curetaje de la zona afectada sin observarse recidiva.

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor is a hamartomous benign neoplasia of odontogenic origin. It appears mostly in young patients and females, the maxillary region being the most affected. It is a slow-growing, asymptomatic lesion. It is related to non-erupted teeth, mainly canines. Lesions of this type can be clinically classified as a follicular, extra follicular and peripheral lesions. Treatment for these lesions is enucleation and curettage of affected area. No recurrence has been observed.

[Prognostic factors of pregnancy in intrauterine insemination]. / Factores pronóstico de embarazo en inseminación intrauterina.

BACKGROUND: The artificial insemination is the introduction of spermatozoa in the feminine genital tract without carrying out sexual contact and with the purpose of obtaining the pregnancy. The insemination intrauterine has improved its rate of success thanks to the technological advances and the best knowledge of human reproductive physiology. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prognostic factors for the pregnancy success and calculate the cumulative rate per cycle in IUI (intrauterine insemination). PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study was descriptive, retrospective, analytic, and longitudinal. The cycles of IUI were analyzed from January 1st 2003 to December 31st 2005. Couples 24-41 years old with primary and secondary infertility were included. The following variables were studied: age of participant, type of infertility, length of infertility, aetiology, postcapacitation sperm density and motility, number of follicles, endometrial thickness, and the cycle number in which the IUI was performed. Patients carried out a protocol of ovarian stimulation and follicular follow up. The results were analyzed with 11.0 SPSS, continuous variables were analyzed and reported as means +/- SD with univariate logistic regression to determine statistic significance. Categoric variables were reported in frequencies and percentages. ROC curves were calculated to determine optimal cutting points. RESULTS: 668 cycles were analyzed in 391 couples. The pregnancy rate per cycle and couple was of 13.0 and 21.7% respectively. Means +/- SD patient age was 33.5 +/- 3.4 years old. The three variables with p < 0.05 were: the infertility duration, sperm motility and the cycle number in which IUI was performed. No statistical significance was found in the remaining variables. CONCLUSIONS: The greatest success in IUI will be achieved with infertility of 4 years or less, with sperm motility of 77.6% and in the first two cycles of treatment.