Current overview for chemical disinfection of dental impressions and models based on its criteria of usage: A microbiological study.

Objectives: The aims of this study were to compare the efficacy of two proven chemical disinfectants, glutaraldehyde and povidone iodine on dental impression and models by determining the reduction in the microbial load, and to compare changes in the physical properties of the models after adding the disinfectants. Materials and Methods: Irreversible hydrocolloid upper impressions of 90 patients were made and divided into 3 groups of 30 samples each; Group A--Control group; Impressions were run under clean tap water before pouring the model. Group B--2% Glutaraldehyde sprayed on the impression and left in situ for 10 min before pouring the model. Group C -10 ml of (5%) povidone iodine incorporated into the gypsum before pouring the model. Models from all three groups were subjected to microbiological assessment at three different time intervals, T0--24 h, T1--1 month and T2--3 months of storage by comparing the colony forming units (CFUs) of bacteria and fungi. The compressive strength of 5 models from each group was also analyzed in Newton's/mm2. Results: 2% Glutaraldehyde proved more effective than povidone iodine after 24 h of storage (T1), however at the end of 1 month (T1) and 3 months (T2) the Povidone group showed the maximum disinfection. Both the disinfectants caused a reduction in the compressive strength of the model with the povidone iodine group showing the maximum reduction. Conclusion: Although povidone iodine was the most effective disinfectant after 3 months, it showed a significant reduction in the compressive strength and caused discoloration of the model. 2% Glutaraldehyde proved to be the choice of disinfectant with minimal adverse effects.

Anti-microbial efficacy of Vanilla planifolia leaf extract against common oral micro-biomes: A comparative study of two different antibiotic sensitivity tests.

Introduction: Over the past century, several antibiotics have been discovered and used to treat various microbial diseases. However, over the past few decades, with the emergence of anti-microbial resistant strains of microbiomes, it has become increasingly necessary to discover and develop alternative anti-microbial agents. Herbal formulations have shown promising results in the past decade. However, many herbal formulations remain unexplored. The present study aims to explore the anti-microbial properties of a newly prepared Vanilla planifolia extract. Methodology: Vanilla planifolia leaves were collected, shade-dried, and then powdered. The powdered leaves of Vanilla planifolia (100 gm) were extracted by the cold percolation method with 300 ml ethanol at room temperature for 72 hours. The extracts were then tested for its constituent anti-microbial activity by the agar well method and disk diffusion method against different commonly found oral micro-biomes. The zones of inhibition were noted and measured, and the results were derived. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student t-test (P <_ 0.001). Based on the statistical analysis, conclusions were drawn. Results: The ethanolic extracts of Vanilla planifolia on the agar plates showed considerable anti-microbial activity in both the test methods against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, and Enterococcus. However, no effect was found against Candida albicans. There was no significant difference in the results obtained by the two test methods (P >_ 0.001). Conclusions: This experimental study presents a medicinal plant, an orchid Vanilla planifolia, which demonstrates the presence of essential anti-microbial agents in it, making it a potent, potential dental biomaterial with a positive and benefitting effect on the oral micro-environment.

Comparison of antibacterial efficacy of cinnamon extract, neem extract as irrigant and sodium hypochlorite against Enterococcus fecalis: An in vitro study.

AIM: The aim of the study is to compare the antibacterial effectiveness between cinnamon extract as irrigant with neem extract irrigant and sodium hypochlorite against E. fecalis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study is a randomized controlled in vitro study conducted on 60 extracted permanent single rooted teeth. The teeth were divided into three groups- Group 1 was irrigated with cinnamon extract, Group 2 was irrigated with neem extract irrigant and Group 3 with 3% sodium hypochlorite. The colonies in the reduction of E. feacalis was noted as CFU values per ml. Wilcoxon signed ranked test was used to compare in between the three groups. Mann- Whitney's test was used for inter group comparison between the three groups. RESULTS: Cinnamon extract had the maximum reduction in the CFU colonies followed by sodium hypochlorite. Neem extract irrigant had the least reduction in the colonies of E. feacalis. (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Cinnamon extract irrigant show better reduction in E. fecalis as compared to 3% sodium hypochlorite and neem extract irrigant.