Bioactivity of a radical scavenger bis(pyrazolium p-toluenesulphonate) on ctDNA and certain microbes: a combined experimental and theoretical analysis.

A small organic molecule, bis(pyrazolium p-toluenesulphonate) (BPPTS), was crystallized, characterized and used to scavenge free radicals in biological systems. SXRD and spectroscopic analyses were used to confirm the structure of BPPTS. Methanolic and ethanolic solutions of BPPTS were used to assess the stability of the proposed drug using the UV-vis spectrophotometric technique. Optimization of the molecular structure was carried out by DFT with B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of basis set. MEP and Fukui functions that elaborate theoretically the predominant electrophilic, nucleophilic and radical sites in BPPTS were correlated with experimental biological screening. BPPTS exhibits strong activity against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli, comparable with all other analyzed pathogens. The free radical scavenging activity of BPPTS was assessed by both experimental studies and theoretical calculations. The binding sites of DPPH, which can bind to BPPTS, were also predicted by Fukui functions. DNA binding of BPPTS in UV-vis studies revealed the groove mode of binding due to the occurrence of hyperchromism. The phenomenon of hyperchromism was established by the Hirshfeld surface analysis of BPPTS, which confirmed the presence of π···π interactions (2.4%). Molecular docking established a positive correlation between experimental bio-screening reports and simulated data. ADMET properties were also calculated.

Structure-activity relationship of pyrazolo pyrimidine derivatives as inhibitors of mitotic kinesin Eg5 and anticancer agents.

Human kinesin Eg5 is a potential inhibiting site for cancer chemotherapy. Blocking metaphase by binding foreign inhibitors with Eg5 eventually leads to apoptotic cell death. Here, we report the pyrazolopyrimidine derivates as potent inhibitors of Eg5 that prevents mitotic kinesin progression. IC50 values were evaluated against the motor domain of Eg5 using steady-state ATPase assay. To better understanding, we have performed molecular docking simulation. It reveals that the interactions of the proposed inhibitors with both the allosteric sites (helices α2, α3 and loopL5, and helices α4 & α6). Out of fifteen pyrazolopyrimidine derivates, three compounds (12, 25, and 27) have shown significant inhibition of Eg5. The synthesized compounds (12, 25, and 27) were tested for their in-vitro anticancer activity against cervical cancer cell line (HeLa).

Synthesis of N-(1-(6-acetamido-5-phenylpyrimidin-4-yl) piperidin-3-yl) amide derivatives as potential inhibitors for mitotic kinesin spindle protein.

Kinesin Spindle Protein (KSP) or Eg5 is an essential kinesin that is involved in spindle separation process during mitosis and also unregulated in certain cancer cells. Inhibitors of this enzyme have proved to be effective to block spindle separation followed by mitotic arrest and apoptosis of the cancer cells. Since this enzyme has two allosteric inhibitor binding sites, it's an excellent target for developing drugs for cancer chemotherapy. Many pyrimidine derivatives have been proved to be active against cancer and other enzymes. In this report, we have synthesized a set ten novel N-(1-(6-acetamido-5-phenylpyrimidin-4-yl)piperidin-3-yl)amide derivatives and have evaluated their activity against the KSP. The SAR of these active compounds was further analyzed using in silico molecular docking studies using GOLD and AutoDock softwares. All these compounds form hydrophobic interaction, aromatic π-π stacking and hydrogen bond efficiently with the Eg5.

Ligand based pharmacophoric modelling and docking of bioactive pyrazolium 3-nitrophthalate (P3NP) on Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus niger - Computational and Hirshfeld surface analysis.

Biologically active Lewis acid-base compound, pyrazolium 3-nitro phthalate (P3NP) has been synthesized and crystallized by slow evaporation - solution method at 30°C. Spectral and single crystal X-Ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the compound. The stability of the P3NP was confirmed by UV-Visible spectral analysis. P3NP crystallizes in monoclinic P21/C space group with cell parameters, a=13.009 (3) Å, b=12.584 (3) Å, c=7.529 (18) Å and ß=93.052 (4)(o) with Z=4. Crystal packing was stabilized by N(+)H⋯O(-), OH⋯O and CH⋯O intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The nature of anion - cation interactions and crystal packing from various types of intermolecular contacts and their importance were explored using the Hirshfeld surface analysis. The structure was optimized by Density Functional Theory at B3LYP level with 6-311++G(d,p) basis set and the vibrational frequencies were theoretically calculated. Band gap between Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO) and Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (LUMO) and Electrostatic potential (ESP) were calculated. Antimicrobial activities of P3NP with targets were clinically tested and were found to exhibit antibacterial activity against gram positive and antifungal activity against pathogens with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). Ligand based pharmacophore modelling was used to understand the potential of P3NP ligand to bind with selected target proteins. iGEM Dock was used to predict the modes of interactions of the ligand with target proteins of the microbes predicted from pharmacophore. PreADMET predicts no absorption of ligand in Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA).

A highly sensitive electrochemical biosensor for catechol using conducting polymer reduced graphene oxide-metal oxide enzyme modified electrode.

The fabrication, characterization and analytical performances were investigated for a catechol biosensor, based on the PEDOT-rGO-Fe2O3-PPO composite modified glassy carbon (GC) electrode. The graphene oxide (GO) doped conducting polymer poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) was prepared through electrochemical polymerization by potential cycling. Reduction of PEDOT-GO was carried out by amperometric method. Fe2O3 nanoparticles were synthesized in ethanol by hydrothermal method. The mixture of Fe2O3, PPO and glutaraldehyde was casted on the PEDOT-rGO electrode. The surface morphology of the modified electrodes was studied by FE-SEM and AFM. Cyclic voltammetric studies of catechol on the enzyme modified electrode revealed higher reduction peak current. Determination of catechol was carried out successfully by Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) technique. The fabricated biosensor investigated shows a maximum current response at pH 6.5. The catechol biosensor exhibited wide sensing linear range from 4×10(-8) to 6.20×10(-5)M, lower detection limit of 7×10(-9)M, current maxima (Imax) of 92.55µA and Michaelis-Menten (Km) constant of 30.48µM. The activation energy (Ea) of enzyme electrode is 35.93KJmol(-1) at 50°C. There is no interference from d-glucose and l-glutamic acid, ascorbic acid and o-nitrophenol. The PEDOT-rGO-Fe2O3-PPO biosensor was stable for at least 75 days when stored in a buffer at about 4°C.