Tuberculosis of the Breast in Togo: A Series of 28 Presumed Cases.

Our study aimed to describe the epidemiological, clinical and histological aspects of mammary tuberculosis in Togo. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study of breast tuberculosis for which the diagnosis was presumed on histological grounds in the pathology department (LAP) of the Lomé Tokoin university hospital from January 1995 to December 2016 (20 years). A total of 28 presumed cases of mammary tuberculosis were identified. There were 26 women and 2 men, with an average age of 34.2 ± 0.3 years. The clinical signs were nodule (84.1%), tumefaction (75%), abscess (63.6%) and tumefaction with cutaneous fistulization (59.1%). Breast involvement was isolated in 31.8% of cases and associated with pleuropulmonary tuberculosis in 54.5% of cases. Co-infection with HIV was found in 63.9 % of cases. Histology showed inflammatory granulomas made of Langhans giant cells, epithelioid cells and lymphocytes around the foci of caseous necrosis. Thoracic radiography was abnormal in 16 patients (57.1%).Mammary tuberculosis is not rare in our country. Clinical presentation is often misleading and is a diagnostic challenge, more particularly with breast abscess or cancer.

[Gallstone ileus: a rare cause of acute bowel obstruction]. / Iléus biliaire : une cause rare d'occlusion intestinale aiguë.

Gallstone ileus is a rare cause of bowel obstruction observed in older persons. The diagnosis is based on computed tomography. Enterolithotomy with or without cholecystectomy and the repair of the fistula is the treatment of choice. The aim of our study is to report two cases of gallstone ileus and to describe the epidemiology, diagnosis and therapy of gallstone ileus.

L'iléus biliaire est une cause rare d'occlusion intestinale, qu'on rencontre chez le sujet âgé. Le diagnostic est apporté par le scanner qui constitue l'examen de référence. Le traitement est chirurgical consistant en une entérolithotomie, associée ou non à une cholécystectomie et à une cure de la fistule. Le but de notre travail est de rapporter deux cas d'iléus biliaire et de décrire les particularités épidémiologiques, diagnostiques et thérapeutiques des iléus biliaires.

[Histological aspect of urinary schistosomiasis in Togo: results of a cohort of 192 cases]. / Aspect histologique des séquelles de la bilharziose urinaire au Togo: résultats d'une série de 192 cas.

The high prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis in Togo and its late management often lead to sequels. This study takes stock of these cancerous and non-cancerous lesions observed on histological pieces in the pathology laboratory of the Teaching Hospital of Lome in 10 years. We find 28.1 % of malignant tumor lesions, dominated by urothelial carcinoma.

[Disseminated cysticercosis: report of three cases in Togo]. / Cysticercose disséminée: trois cas au Togo.

We report 3 cases of disseminated cysticercosis (DC) in adult male subjects in Togo. All had consulted in dermatology for asymptomatic subcutaneous nodules. The diagnosis was confirmed by histology of a resected nodule. Computed tomography allowed us to bring out the widespread dissemination of cysticerci. The skin, brain, muscle, eye, thyroid, and pleura were the affected organs. Treatment was based on albendazole and betamethasone, with adverse side effects in 2 of our 3 patients. Our 3 observations seem to be the first of their kind in Togo. The mechanism of contamination in these disseminated forms is not yet elucidated, however ingesting a gravid proglottis could be the basis of the widespread dissemination of cysticerci in the body. No consensus has yet been established in the treatment of DC and the management should follow the guideline for treatment of neurocysticercosis and ocular cysticercosis.

[Chylous ascites, a revealing sign of peritoneal tuberculosis in an 11-month-old infant]. / Ascite chyleuse révélatrice d'une tuberculose péritonéale chez un nourrisson de 11 mois.

Chylous ascites is rare in children. We report on a case of chylous ascites in an 1-month-old infant in Togo. The infant had been appropriately vaccinated, had normal growth and psychomotor development, and he was living in a rural area. He had fever that had started 3 months earlier and persisted despite various treatments with antimalarials and antibiotics. Then progressively abdominal pain with abdominal distension developed, while lactescent ascites was discovered after puncture. The patient was referred to the Lomé teaching hospital for advanced management. Intradermic reaction to tuberculin (IRD) was positive (16 mm). Chylous ascites liquid analysis revealed apparently lymphocytic pleocytosis. Culture on special milieu allowed isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The clinical course was favorable with antituberculosis treatment. Peritoneal tuberculosis should be suspected in endemic areas in the case of a persistent fever with abdominal bloating and effusion, whatever the patient's age and the nature of ascites liquid.

[Management of a case of unilateral exophthalmos due to an intraorbital lipofibroma at Kara teaching hospital in Togo]. / Prise en charge d'un cas d'exophtalmie unilatérale due à un lipofibrome intra-orbitaire au CHU de Kara au Togo.

In childhood, benign tumors are uncommon causes of exophtalmos. We report a case of intraorbital lipofibroma in an 11-year-old girl who presented with painless, progressive proptosis of the right eye over the preceding 6 months. Ultrasound had shown an extraconal intraorbital mass. Complete excision and pathologic examination were performed, revealing a lipofibroma with no signs of malignancy This case report is notable due to the rarity of the condition.

[Value of genitography after late discovery of abnormal sexual development: 5 cases in Lome, Togo]. / Génitographie dans les anomalies de développement sexuel de découverte tardive: 5 observations a Lomé (Togo).

The purpose of this report is to describe the value of genitography in management of abnormal sexual development abnormalities discovered at a late age (> or = 10 years). Genitography was performed in 5 patients ranging from 10 to 23 years of age. No procedural difficulty was encountered in any of these patients. Genitography allowed correct determination of anatomical sex in all patients.

[Imflammatory myofibroblastic tumour of nose and paranasal sinuses in a little girl of 7-year-old]. / Tumeur myofibroblastique inflammatoire endonasale chez une fillette de 7 ans.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours (IMTs) are clinical and pathological distinct entities with controversial biological entities. IMTs have been described in the lungs, abdomen, retroperitoneum and extremities but rarely in the head and neck region. This case report corresponds to an IMT of the nose and the paranasal sinuses in a little girl of 7 years of age. The computed tomography scan showed an expanding tumoral process without skull destruction. First case report in the west African region, this observation describes the treatment instituted according to the possible care in our medical area, and the treatment when the patient was referred to a centre with efficient technical platform. This case underlines the aggressiveness of this type of tumour: an invasive tumour with local-regional extension and high recurrence potential. Currently, after 2 years, the tumoral process is considered cured after several radical surgical excisions.