A Comparison of Clinical Outcomes of Colectomies for Pediatric and Adult Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background: Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are prevalent in adult and pediatric populations, but their differences are not well studied using national data. We compared the clinical outcomes of these patients using the American College of Surgeons (ACS) National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) databases.Methods: Colectomy cases for CD and UC, the 2 major forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), were compared between adult and pediatric patients using the 2017-2019 ACS NSQIP databases. Various clinical factors were analyzed, with postoperative complications being the primary outcome of interest.Results: We identified 542 pediatric and 5174 adult CD patients and 360 pediatric and 1292 adult UC patients. Adults with CD or UC were more likely to be on steroids preoperatively (CD: 60.15% vs 24.54%; UC: 65.63% vs 51.39%). Children with IBD were more likely to have preoperative transfusions (CD: 1.48% vs .33%; UC: 8.33% vs .62%), systemic inflammatory response syndrome (CD: 3.51% vs .93%; UC: 12.78% vs 3.10%), or sepsis (CD: 1.85% vs .66%; UC: 1.39% vs .31%). Unplanned reoperations were more common among pediatric patients in both disease states compared to adults (CD: 6.27% vs 4.10%; UC: 11.11% vs 4.26%), with P-values for all factors described as ≤.02. Multivariate logistic regression found pediatric age to be associated with higher odds of needing a reoperation among UC patients but not CD patients.Conclusion: Pediatric patients were sicker at the time of surgery, and those with either disease were more likely to require a reoperation within 30 days.

Abdominal Instillation of Crystalloid Fluid Decreases the Recurrence of Adhesive Small Bowel Obstruction.

Peritoneal adhesion is a common cause of small bowel obstruction (SBO). In this study, we included 40 adult patients who had SBO, or partial obstructive symptoms. In the abdominal instillation of crystalloid fluid (AICF) cohort, 16 patients underwent lysis of adhesions and abdominal crystalloid fluid instillation at the end of the procedure. In the control (CO) group, 24 patients received lysis of adhesions without fluid instillation. AICF was achieved by the abdominal instillation of 1864 ± 97.5 mL of crystalloid fluid. We analyzed the recurrence of peritoneal adhesions resulting in reoperation for SBO within the 64.3 ± 9.15 months of follow-up time for the CO and the 70.5 ± 13.16-month follow-up for the AICF group. The AICF group had a lower SBO recurrence rate of 12.5% compared to the CO group's 41.6% rate (P = .049). Taken together, AICF decreased the recurrence of SBO requiring reoperation secondary to adhesion formation compared to the lysis of adhesions alone, as seen in the CO group.

Effects of Preoperative COVID-19 Status on Emergent or Urgent Colectomy Outcomes.

OBJECTIVES: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has been described as eliciting a powerful immune response. The association of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection with diseases requiring emergent or urgent colectomies may exacerbate the risk of surgical complications. We investigated the effect of preoperative COVID-19 infection on the clinical outcomes of patients who underwent a nonelective colectomy in 2021. METHODS: We queried the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Targeted Colectomy database for all of the patients who underwent a colectomy in 2021 and filtered for patients classified as "Urgent" or "Emergent." Two groups were created based on preoperative COVID-19 status: COVID+ (n = 242) and COVID- cohorts (n = 11,049). Several clinical variables were compared. RESULTS: Before filtering for urgent/emergent operations, a large percentage of COVID+ patients were found to have undergone an urgent or emergency colectomy (68.36% vs 25.05%). Preoperatively, these patients were more likely to be taking steroids (21.49% vs 12.41%) or have a bleeding issue requiring a transfusion (19.42% vs 11.00%). A larger percentage of infected patients returned to the operating room (14.05% vs 8.13%) and had a hospital stay >30 days (18.18% vs 5.35%). COVID-19 infection was associated with a higher rate of mortality (14.05% vs 8.08%) but did not independently predict it (odds ratio 1.25, P = 0.233), with all P ≤ 0.001. CONCLUSIONS: Urgent or emergent colectomy patients who were COVID-19+ preoperatively were more likely to present with comorbidities, which, along with the recent viral infection, contributed to markedly worse clinical outcomes, including an increased rate of mortality.

Effects of COVID-19 Status on Hip Fracture Surgical Outcomes: An ACS NSQIP Study.

BACKGROUND: Studies have indicated that patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus fare worse clinically after a traumatic injury, especially those who are older and have other comorbidities. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to understand the effects of Corona Virus Disease 19 (COVID-19) diagnosis on patients undergoing surgery for hip fractures. METHODS: This is a retrospective review of the 2021 American College of Surgeons (ACS) National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) Targeted Hip Fracture database for patients who underwent surgery. Two cohorts were formed based on patients' preoperative COVID-19 status, as tested within 14 days prior to the operation. Several clinical factors were compared. RESULTS: The COVID-positive cohort consisted of 184 patients, all of whom had a laboratory-confirmed or clinically suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection, while the COVID-negative cohort consisted of 12,211 patients with no infection. A lower proportion of COVID-positive patients had an emergent operation compared to the COVID-negative cohort (58.70% vs. 73.09%, p < .001). Preoperatively, the COVID-positive cohort showed higher rates of coagulopathy/bleeding disorders (22.83% vs. 14.12%), congestive heart failure (16.30% vs. 9.84%), diabetes mellitus (28.26% vs. 19.24%), and dementia (42.39% vs. 28.07%), with p ≤ .005 for all. Postoperatively, a higher proportion of COVID-positive patients died (9.78% vs. 5.40%) or had pneumonia (8.70% vs. 3.65%), hospital readmission within 30 days (10.87% vs. 6.76%), and pressure sores (8.15% vs. 4.55%), with p ≤ .033 for all. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of COVID-19 in hip fracture patients was associated with higher rates of postoperative complications, including mortality, when compared to COVID-negative patients, indicating the severity of the viral infection.

Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Colectomy Outcomes for Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

OBJECTIVES: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). These two chronic inflammatory conditions can differ in severity, presentation, and anatomical localization, and can greatly affect quality of life if not managed properly. Given the many healthcare challenges during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, we studied the effects of the pandemic and corresponding changes to medical resources on surgical outcomes for patients with IBD. METHODS: Deidentified data from patients who underwent a colectomy for CD or UC were collected from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database of the American College of Surgeons. We analyzed clinical factors and surgical outcomes between 2019 and 2020. RESULTS: Patients with IBD were more likely to have lost >10% of their body mass before the operation in 2020. Operations for patients with UC were significantly shorter in the first year of the pandemic. Patients with CD were less likely to have a urinary tract infection or sepsis postoperatively in 2020, whereas patients with UC were more likely to require a repeat operation. Interestingly, both patient populations were less likely to undergo an emergency operation in 2020 than in 2019. CONCLUSIONS: Colectomy outcomes for patients with CD in 2020 were similar or improved in comparison with those seen in 2019, whereas colectomies for UC saw a statistically but not clinically significant increase in the rate of repeat operations. Overall, these patients seem to have been well managed despite the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic-induced strain on the healthcare system.