Prevalence of migraine in systemic lupus erythematosus: A meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder with a wide range of clinical manifestations, including neurological issues in about 25%-75% of cases. Among the neurological involvement cases, most cases show migraine. However, the prevalence of migraine varied worldwide, and in some studies, a higher incidence of migraine in SLE cases was reported compared to healthy controls. In the present study, we adopted a meta-analysis approach to find out the prevalence of migraine in SLE patients worldwide and investigate whether migraine frequency is more prevalent in SLE patients than controls. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Various literature databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were screened for eligible studies. The last search was performed on January 21, 2023. Publication biases were accessed by Egger's regression analysis and funnel plots. Cochrane Q statistics and I2 values explored the presence or absence of heterogeneity. All statistical analysis of meta-analysis was performed in comprehensive meta-analysis software v3. RESULTS: Based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 17 reports comprising 2901 SLE patients and 575 healthy controls were considered in the present study. The meta-analysis revealed the prevalence of migraine to be 34.8%. Furthermore, migraine was more prevalent in SLE patients than healthy controls (OR: 1.964, p = 0.000, 95% CI = 1.512-2.550). Similar trends were also observed while considering another 10 independent reports those were not disclosed about the migraine diagnosis criteria (number of reports: 27, SLE: 3473, HC: 741, prevalence: 33.5%, SLE vs HC: OR = 2.107, p = 0.000, 95% CI = 1.672-2.655). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that SLE patients from South America had a higher prevalence of migraine (56.2%). CONCLUSIONS: About one-third of SLE patients experience migraine worldwide. The prevalence of migraine is more frequent in SLE patients than the healthy controls.

Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) intronic variant (rs2430561) is a risk factor for systemic lupus erythematosus: Observation from a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The role of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in autoimmune disorders has been well documented. Elevated levels of IFN-γ are observed in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and are linked with disease severity. Single nucleotide polymorphism in the intronic region of the IFN-γ gene (+874 T>A rs2430561) has been associated with susceptibility to the development of RA and SLE; however, the reports remained contradictories. We conducted a meta-analysis using earlier published articles to reach a valid conclusion on the role of IFN-γ polymorphism (+874 T>A) in autoimmune diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Various online databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Scopus were searched to find eligible reports for inclusion in the present analysis. Two independent authors extracted eligible studies and data. The meta-analysis was performed by comprehensive meta-analysis software (CMA) v.3.1. Trial sequential analysis was performed to test whether enough case-control studies have already been conducted worldwide to reach a valid observation. RESULTS: Six published reports on the role of IFN-γ +874 T>A in SLE and four in RA were found after searching various databases. However, out of those six studies in SLE, in one study, the distribution of genotypes was not following the hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. In RA, three studies were deviated out of four reports. Thus, a total of five studies comprising 1440 SLE patients and 1748 controls were considered for the present meta-analysis. Meta-analysis showed a significant association between IFN-γ +874 T>A variants with susceptibility to SLE (homozygous comparison: p = 0.036, OR = 1.592, heterozygous model: p = 0.042, OR = 1.507, dominant model: p = 0.002, OR = 1.309). CONCLUSIONS: IFN-γ +874 T>A variant is associated with predisposition to SLE development.