The Minnesota attributable risk of kidney donation (MARKD) study: a retrospective cohort study of long-term (> 50 year) outcomes after kidney donation compared to well-matched healthy controls.

BACKGROUND: There is uncertainty about the long-term risks of living kidney donation. Well-designed studies with controls well-matched on risk factors for kidney disease are needed to understand the attributable risks of kidney donation. METHODS: The goal of the Minnesota Attributable Risk of Kidney Donation (MARKD) study is to compare the long-term (> 50 years) outcomes of living donors (LDs) to contemporary and geographically similar controls that are well-matched on health status. University of Minnesota (n = 4022; 1st transplant: 1963) and Mayo Clinic LDs (n = 3035; 1st transplant: 1963) will be matched to Rochester Epidemiology Project (REP) controls (approximately 4 controls to 1 donor) on the basis of age, sex, and race/ethnicity. The REP controls are a well-defined population, with detailed medical record data linked between all providers in Olmsted and surrounding counties, that come from the same geographic region and era (early 1960s to present) as the donors. Controls will be carefully selected to have health status acceptable for donation on the index date (date their matched donor donated). Further refinement of the control group will include confirmed kidney health (e.g., normal serum creatinine and/or no proteinuria) and matching (on index date) of body mass index, smoking history, family history of chronic kidney disease, and blood pressure. Outcomes will be ascertained from national registries (National Death Index and United States Renal Data System) and a new survey administered to both donors and controls; the data will be supplemented by prior surveys and medical record review of donors and REP controls. The outcomes to be compared are all-cause mortality, end-stage kidney disease, cardiovascular disease and mortality, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) trajectory and chronic kidney disease, pregnancy risks, and development of diseases that frequently lead to chronic kidney disease (e.g. hypertension, diabetes, and obesity). We will additionally evaluate whether the risk of donation differs based on baseline characteristics. DISCUSSION: Our study will provide a comprehensive assessment of long-term living donor risk to inform candidate living donors, and to inform the follow-up and care of current living donors.

Bone health in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) patients after kidney transplantation.

ADPKD is caused by pathogenic variants in PKD1 or PKD2, encoding polycystin-1 and -2 proteins. Polycystins are expressed in osteoblasts and chondrocytes in animal models, and loss of function is associated with low bone mineral density (BMD) and volume. However, it is unclear whether these variants impact bone strength in ADPKD patients. Here, we examined BMD in ADPKD after kidney transplantation (KTx). This retrospective observational study retrieved data from adult patients who received a KTx over the past 15 years. Patients with available dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of the hip and/or lumbar spine (LS) post-transplant were included. ADPKD patients (n = 340) were matched 1:1 by age (±2 years) at KTx and sex with non-diabetic non-ADPKD patients (n = 340). Patients with ADPKD had slightly higher BMD and T-scores at the right total hip (TH) as compared to non-ADPKD patients [BMD: 0.951 vs. 0.897, p < 0.001; T-score: -0.62 vs. -0.99, p < 0.001] and at left TH [BMD: 0.960 vs. 0.893, p < 0.001; T-score: -0.60 vs. -1.08, p < 0.001], respectively. Similar results were found at the right femoral neck (FN) between ADPKD and non-ADPKD [BMD: 0.887 vs. 0.848, p = 0.001; T-score: -1.20 vs. -1.41, p = 0.01] and at left FN [BMD: 0.885 vs. 0.840, p < 0.001; T-score: -1.16 vs. -1.46, p = 0.001]. At the LS level, ADPKD had a similar BMD and lower T-score compared to non-ADPKD [BMD: 1.120 vs. 1.126, p = 0.93; T-score: -0.66 vs. -0.23, p = 0.008]. After adjusting for preemptive KTx, ADPKD patients continued to have higher BMD T-scores in TH and FN. Our findings indicate that BMD by DXA is higher in patients with ADPKD compared to non-ADPKD patients after transplantation in sites where cortical but not trabecular bone is predominant. The clinical benefit of the preserved cortical bone BMD in patients with ADPKD needs to be explored in future studies.

An Evidence-Based Approach to Multi-Ligamentous Knee Injuries.

Multi ligament knee injuries (MLKIs) are highly complex injuries with associated complications and often present with difficult management strategies. MLKIs may affect the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), medial collateral ligament (or posteromedial corner (PMC)), and lateral collateral ligament (or posterolateral corner (PLC)) in addition to other structures including the menisci, common peroneal nerve, and popliteal artery. MLKIs are highly associated with the male sex and are commonly seen in high-velocity motor vehicle accidents and low-velocity sports injuries. Given the multiple planes of movement in the knee and various primary and secondary stabilizers throughout those planes, there is great heterogeneity in an injury pattern and most involve the ACL and PCL. Initial evaluation of this injury includes assessment of lower extremity sensation, distal pulses, and ankle-brachial index (ABI). If vascular compromise is suspected, computed tomography angiography (CTA) or magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) are indicated to evaluate the vasculature. As opposed to CTA, MRA offers visualization of the soft-tissue structures that are commonly damaged in MLKIs. Initial management typically includes closed reduction of the knee with subsequent external fixation. Classification systems guide initial assessments; however, further management is unclear and leads the surgical team to decide the best, individualized management option for each patient. As a result, optimal surgical and postoperative treatment options remain complicated, and clinical outcomes remain difficult to predict. The purpose of this review is to consolidate the most up-to-date practices of the diagnostic workup, management, and treatment of MLKIs.

Kidney Transplantation in Patients With Monoclonal Gammopathy of Renal Significance (MGRS)-Associated Lesions: A Case Series.

RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE: Data on kidney transplantation outcomes among patients with monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS) are lacking. STUDY DESIGN: Case series of patients with MGRS, some of whom received clone-directed therapies before kidney transplantation. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: 28 patients who underwent kidney transplantation from 1987 through 2016 after diagnosis with MGRS-associated lesions including light-chain deposition disease (LCDD), C3 glomerulopathy with monoclonal gammopathy (C3G-MG), and light-chain proximal tubulopathy (LCPT). FINDINGS: Of the 19 patients with LCDD, 10 were treated before kidney transplantation and 9 were treatment-naive. Among the treated patients with LCDD, 3 (30%) experienced histologic recurrence, 2 (20%) grafts failed, and 2 (20%) died during a median follow-up of 70 (range, 3-162) months after transplant. In the treatment-naive LCDD group, 8 (89%) had histologic recurrence, 6 (67%) grafts failed, and 4 (44%) patients died during a median follow-up of 60 (range, 35-117) months. Of the 5 patients who had a complete response before transplant, none died, and only 1 experienced graft failure, 162 months after transplant. Of 5 patients with C3G-MG, 3 were treatment-naive before transplant. Both patients who were treated before transplant had histologic recurrence, and 1 experienced graft failure and died. Among the 3 patients with treatment-naive C3G-MG, histologic recurrence occurred in all, and graft loss and death were observed in 2 and 1, respectively. In the LCPT group (n=4), histologic recurrence was observed in all 3 patients who did not receive clone-directed therapies before transplant, and 2 of these patients died, 1 with a functioning kidney. The 1 patient with LCPT who received therapy before transplant did not have histologic recurrence or graft loss and survived. LIMITATIONS: Small sample size, nonstandardized clinical management, retrospective design. CONCLUSIONS: Recurrence is very common in all MGRS-associated lesions after kidney transplant. Achieving a complete hematologic response may reduce the risks of recurrence, graft loss, and death. More studies are needed to determine the effects of hematologic response on outcomes for each MGRS-associated lesion.

Ten Years of Kidney Paired Donation at Mayo Clinic: The Benefits of Incorporating ABO/HLA Compatible Pairs.

BACKGROUND: We examined the 10-year experience of Mayo Clinic's kidney paired donation (KPD).We aimed to determine the benefits for the recipients of enrolled ABO/HLA compatible pairs and determine the factors associated with prolonged KPD waiting time. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of 332 kidney transplants facilitated by the Mayo 3-site KPD program from September 2007 to June 2018. RESULTS: The median (interquartile range) time from KPD entry to transplantation was 89 days (42-187 days). The factors independently associated with receiving a transplant >3 months after KPD entry included recipient blood type O and calculated panel reactive antibodies ≥98%. Fifty-four ABO/HLA compatible pairs participated in KPD for the following reasons: cytomegalovirus mismatch (18.5% [10/54]), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) mismatch (EBV) (9.3% [5/54]), age/size mismatch (51.9% [28/54]), or altruistic reasons (20.3% [11/54]). Cytomegalovirus and EBV mismatch were avoided in 90% (9/10) and 100% (5/5) of cases. Recipients who entered KPD for age/size mismatch and altruistic reasons received kidneys from donors with lower Living Kidney Donor Profile Index scores than their actual donor (median [interquartile range] 31.5 [12.3-47]; P < 0.001 and 26 (-1 to 46); P = 0.01 points lower, respectively). Median time to transplant from KPD entry for compatible pair recipients was 70 days (41-163 days), and 44.4% (24/54) of these transplants were preemptive. All chains/swaps incorporating compatible pairs included ABO/HLA incompatible pairs. CONCLUSIONS: KPD should be considered for all living donor/recipient pairs because the recipients of these pairs can derive personal benefit from KPD while increasing the donor pool for difficult to match pairs.

Health-related quality of life of patients with asthma: a cross-sectional study in Semnan, Islamic Republic of Iran.

Asthma can profoundly affect the quality of life of individuals with the disease. There are limited data on the quality of life of people with asthma in the Islamic Republic of Iran. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate quality of life in adults with asthma in Semnan using the 36-item short form health survey (SF-36). The effect of sociodemographic characteristics on quality of life scores was examined. The study included a convenience sample of 385 outpatients with asthma attending a pulmonary clinic from June to December 2013. The mean physical and mental component scores were 58.8 (SD 18.3) and 57.3 (SD 17.0) respectively. The study sample had lower quality of life scores in all the fields than the reference population (P < 0.05). Patients with lower education, urban residents, widowed/divorced patients and manual workers had lower quality of life scores (P < 0.05). Efforts are needed to improve the quality of life of people with asthma in parallel with precise management plans.

Community healthcare professionals overestimate the risk of fatal anaphylaxis for food allergic children.

BACKGROUND: Fatal food anaphylaxis is rare, but a major concern for people with food allergy and their carers. We evaluated whether community healthcare professionals accurately estimate risk of fatal anaphylaxis for food allergic children, and whether accurate risk estimation is related to competence in recognizing and managing anaphylaxis. METHODS: We enrolled 90 community healthcare professionals in a cross-sectional survey - 30 primary care nurses, 30 school first aiders, 30 community pharmacists. Participant risk estimates for fatal and non-fatal anaphylaxis, and all-cause fatalities, were measured using a risk ladder. Participant anaphylaxis knowledge was assessed by questionnaire, and practical skills using a simulated anaphylaxis scenario. RESULTS: In all three groups, participants significantly overestimated the risk of fatal anaphylaxis for food allergic children, by a mean factor of 13.5-fold (95% CI 5.0, 31.6), but did not overestimate non-fatal anaphylaxis risk or all-cause fatality risk. We found no evidence of a relationship between successful adrenaline administration and risk estimation. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In conclusion, we have found evidence that community pharmacists, school first aiders and primary care nurses in the UK systematically overestimate the risk of fatal anaphylaxis for a food allergic child. This overestimation may result in increased patient and carer anxiety. Community practitioners who manage childhood food allergy and anaphylaxis need to be educated about the level of risk for fatal anaphylaxis in such children.

Reliability of radiographic measurements of knee motion following knee arthroplasty for use in a virtual knee clinic.

INTRODUCTION: We sought to validate radiographic measurements of range of motion of the knee after arthroplasty as part of a new system of virtual clinics. METHODS: The range of motion of 52 knees in 45 patients was obtained by 2 clinicians using standardised techniques and goniometers. Inter-rater reliability and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated. Radiographs of these patients' knees in full active flexion and extension were also used to calculate intra and inter-rater reliability compared with clinical measurements using four different methods for plotting angles on the radiographs. RESULTS: The ICC for inter-rater reliability using the goniometer was very high. The ICC was 0.91 in extension and 0.85 in flexion while repeatability was 8.49° (-8.03-8.99°) in extension and 5.23° (-4.54-5.74°) in flexion. The best ICC for radiographic measurement in extension was 0.86, indicating 'near perfect' agreement, and repeatability was 5.43° (-4.04- 6.12°). The best ICC in flexion was 0.95 and repeatability was 5.82° (-3.38-6.55°). The ICC for intrarater reliability was 0.98 for extension and 0.99 for flexion on radiographic measurements. CONCLUSIONS: Validating the use of radiographs to reliably measure range of motion following knee arthroplasty has allowed us to set up a 'virtual knee clinic'. Combining validated questionnaires and radiographic measurement of range of motion, we aim to maintain high quality patient surveillance following knee arthroplasty, reduce our ratio for new to follow-up patients in line with Department of Health guidelines and improve patient satisfaction through reduced travel to hospital outpatients.

Hospitalizations due to falls in Jewish and Arab children in northern Israel.

In Israel, there are no epidemiological data regarding nonfatal childhood falls. A retrospective survey was conducted in order to find epidemiological characteristics of childhood falls among the different populations of northern Israel. During the years 1993 through 1995, 3082 children were hospitalized in Rambam Medical Center (RMC) due to injury. The children were subdivided into the four main populations: Jewish and Arab residents of Haifa region (the main metropolitan area) and Jewish and Arab residents of the Galilee region (the rural region). All of the children who suffered injury that required mechanical ventilation and careful assessment were admitted to the PICU. The charts of the children admitted to the PICU were then further studied. The demographic characteristics of all the cases of falls were statistically analyzed and the annual admission rates due to falls were calculated using the national statistical registrations of children in Israel. Falls were responsible for 1049 admissions due to injury, one third of the total number of children who were admitted due to an injury. Most of the children were five years of age or younger. Two thirds of the total childhood falls were of Arabs. The majority of the admissions were of two major sub-populations of northern Israel: Arab residents of Galilee region (66%) and Jewish residents of Haifa region (34%). Higher admission rate was found among Arab children of the Western Galilee district in comparison with Jewish children of the Haifa district. Most of the children who were admitted to the PICU were Arabs: nearly all of these children were from the rural region. More Arab than Jewish children who fell were admitted to the PICU and the majority of these cases were falls from buildings (private houses). Arab children of the rural region were responsible for 95% of the cases. These falls were mainly in staircases (46%) and from balconies (21%), roofs (11%) and windows (11%). The findings of the present study suggest that young Arab rural children in northern Israel are at high risk to a severe injury due to fall. Possible causes are discussed and a preventative intervention is suggested.

[New modified method of phacoemulsification in lenticular subluxation]. / Modifikatsiia operatsii fakoémul'sifikatsii pri podvyvikhe khrustalika.

A new method for cataract removal by phacoemulsification in impaired lenticular joints consists in fixation during surgery of the anterior lenticular chamber along the edge of the capsulorrhexis by 4 retractor hooks and subsequent implantation of a soft intraocular lens. The operation was performed in 6 patients with cataracts of different types complicated by subluxation of the lens. The operation did not involve such complications as vitreous prolapse or displacement of the incompletely dislocated lens. All operations were finished with complete evacuation of lenticular mass and implantation of soft silicone intraocular lenses. The proposed method widens the category of patients in whom modern phacoemulsification can be used.

High-Resolution Laser Photoacoustic Spectroscopy of OCS in the 12 000-13 000 cm(-1) Region.

A spectrum of natural OCS has been recorded in the near-infrared region using the laser photoacoustic technique. The source is a titanium-sapphire laser pumped by an Ar(+) laser. The tunable 1.5 W beam was sent through the photoacoustic cell. This windowless longitudinal resonant cell was designed with two lambda/4 buffer volumes at both ends in order to reduce the noise and so to increase the sensitivity (alpha(min) approximately 10(-9) cm(-1)). The spectrum of OCS, at a pressure of 90 Torr, has been recorded in the regions 11 953-12 084, 12 829-12 890, and 12 998-13 001 cm(-1). In addition to the 00(0)6-00(0)0 band of (16)O(12)C(32)S recently identified by Ch. Hornberger, B. Boor, R. Stuber, W. Demtröder, S. Naïm, and A. Fayt, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 179, 237-245, 1996, new weaker bands have been observed: 04(0)5-00(0)0, 1 10(0)3-00(0)0, 10(0)6-00(0)0, 14(0)5-00(0)0, 02(0)6-00(0)0, and 01(1)6-01(1)0, and also the 00(0)6-00(0)0 band of (16)O(12)C(34)S. Effective state parameters are deduced from the band-by-band least-squares fits. The new data have also been introduced in the global analysis which takes into account the l-type resonance and the main anharmonic interactions and so allows a full understanding of the perturbations and the intensity transfers. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.

The normal breast epithelium of women with breast cancer displays an aberrant response to estradiol.

Breast epithelial response to estradiol may play an important role in breast cancer etiology. We have examined the relationship between serum estradiol and progesterone levels and normal breast epithelial expression of estrogen receptor (ER) alpha, progesterone receptor (PgR), and epithelial proliferation (as reflected by the Ki-67 labeling index) in 121 women (50 newly diagnosed breast cancer cases and 71 benign breast disease controls). Simultaneous samples of grossly normal breast tissue and venous blood were obtained from women undergoing breast surgery. Serum estradiol and progesterone levels were measured by radioimmunoassay; breast epithelial ER, PgR, and Ki-67 expression was measured by immunohistochemistry. Linear regression, controlled for patient age and ductal and lobular composition of the tissue, showed that the breast epithelium of control women displayed an inverse correlation between serum estradiol and ER-alpha, which was not seen in case women (P for the difference in regression slopes = 0.001). PgR expression displayed a significant positive correlation with serum estradiol in cases, but not in controls. Epithelial proliferation had no relationship to either estradiol or progesterone in both cases and controls but showed an inverse relationship with ER in controls and a direct relationship in cases (P for the difference in regression slopes = 0.066). These results suggest a dysregulation of hormonal response in the normal breast epithelium of high-risk women, with lack of regulation of ER by estradiol, increased estrogen responsiveness as reflected by PgR expression, and a dissociation of ER expression and proliferative response.

Lack of relationship between menstrual cycle phase and mood in a sample of women with rapid cycling bipolar disorder.

BACKGROUND: Women are overrepresented in samples of patients with rapid cycling bipolar disorder (RCBD). To explore whether menstrually related mood changes might account for this gender difference, we studied the relationship between menstrual cycle phase and mood in a sample of premenopausal women with rapid cycling bipolar disorder (RCBD). METHODS: Twenty-five women with RCBD completed daily self-rating forms indicating their mood and days of menstruation for a minimum of three months. The data were analyzed for each individual and for the group as a whole, categorically (depression, euthymia, and hypomania) and ordinally (0-100, with 0 being "most depressed ever felt" and 100 being "most manic"), with and without normalization of the menstrual cycle to a 28-day cycle. RESULTS: None of the group analyses showed a significant effect of menstrual cycle on mood. Although some women did exhibit significant relationships between menstrual cycle phase and categorical mood state, there was no consistent pattern to the relationship. CONCLUSIONS: There was no systematic relationship between menstrual cycle and mood in a sample of women with RCBD.

Gender differences in glycosylated hemoglobin levels in seasonal affective disorder patients and controls.

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) has been shown to manifest different symptoms in female and male patients. Specifically, women with SAD have been shown to have greater increases in overeating, weight gain, and increased sleep as compared with their male counterparts. Given these dietary changes, we predicted that female SAD patients would exhibit increased glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1) levels, indicative of chronically elevated glucose levels. Twenty-two patients (15 women and seven men) and matched controls were enrolled during the winter season and tested for HbA1 levels. A three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA; gender x group x season) was insignificant and the result was a negative study. After the initial hypothesis was rejected, we undertook a post-hoc analysis of the data, from which emerged that in winter, women patients had higher HbA1 levels as compared with matched controls. As our original hypothesis was rejected, we cannot accept the results of the post-hoc study. However, numerous other studies have demonstrated that female and male SAD patients differ in their pathophysiology, and are suggestive that in future analyses ought to consider analyzing subjects separately across gender.

The effects of seasons and light therapy on G protein levels in mononuclear leukocytes of patients with seasonal affective disorder.

BACKGROUND: Information-transducing heterotrimeric G proteins have been implicated previously in the mechanism of action of mood stabilizers and in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. Mononuclear leukocytes of patients with unipolar and bipolar depression have been characterized by reduced measures of the stimulatory and inhibitory G proteins. In this study, patients with seasonal affective disorder (SAD) were measured for mononuclear leukocyte G protein levels while depressed during the winter, following light therapy, and in remission during the summer. METHODS: Twenty-six patients with SAD and 28 healthy subjects were assessed in the study. The immunoreactivities of Gs alpha, Gi alpha, and Gbeta subunit proteins were determined by Western blot analysis of mononuclear leukocyte membranes with selective polyclonal antibodies for the various G subunit proteins, followed by densitometric quantitation using an image analysis system. RESULTS: Untreated patients with SAD and winter, atypical-type depression showed significantly reduced mononuclear leukocyte immunoreactive levels of Gs alpha and Gi alpha proteins, similar to previous observations in patients with nonseasonal major depression. The reduced G protein levels were normalized with 2 weeks of light therapy. The same patients while in remission during the summer had G protein levels that were similar to those of healthy subjects. CONCLUSIONS: G protein-immunoreactive measures in patients with SAD are suggested as a state marker for winter depression, which is normalized by light treatment and during the summer. We speculate that light may exert its effects via normalization of transducin (Gt protein) levels, which are thought to be reduced in winter depression.

Age-Dependent Changes in the Effects of Amiodarone on Rabbit Cardiac Myocyte Contractions.

BACKGROUND: Intravenous amiodarone has increasingly been used to control life-threatening atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. In addition to its four antiarrhythmic properties, amiodarone may have complex effects on intracellular Ca(2+) stores and myocyte contractility. METHODS AND RESULTS: Contraction amplitude was recorded for cardiac ventricular myocytes isolated from neonatal and adult rabbits. Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) stores were loaded to steady-state levels by a train of eight electric field stimulations. The SR Ca(2+) load was quantified by recording the contraction amplitude resulting from the complete depletion of SR Ca(2+) stores by exposing the cell to a 1-second pulse of 10 mmol/L caffeine. After the cells were exposed to 1 µmol/L amiodarone for 10 minutes, electrically stimulated contraction amplitudes significantly decreased in both adult and neonatal cells. Caffeine-induced cell contraction amplitudes were not affected by amiodarone in adult ventricular myocytes. By contrast, amiodarone markedly inhibited caffeine-induced contractions in neonatal ventricular myocytes. The inhibitory effect of amiodarone on the caffeine-induced contractions was not replicated by Ca(2+) channel blockade with diltiazem. CONCLUSIONS: Amiodarone markedly inhibits caffeine-induced contraction in neonatal myocytes but has no significant effect on adult myocytes. Ca(2+) influx through amiodarone-sensitive Ca(2+) channels may play a primary role in maintaining SR Ca(2+) stores in neonatal heart.

Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of 18O-Enriched Carbonyl Sulfide from 1825 to 2700 cm-1

We have measured the Fourier transform spectrum of carbonyl sulfide from 1825 to 2700 cm-1, using a sample enriched in both 18O (94.0%) and 17O (1.54%). A careful calibration yields a line-position accuracy between 1.5 and 3.0 10(-5) cm-1. We have observed and analyzed 118 infrared bands of which 93 are measured for the first time: 55 for 18O12C32S, 20 for 18O12C34S, 11 for 18O12C33S, 1 for 18O12C36S, 12 for 17O12C32S, 4 for 17O12C34S, 2 for 17O12C33S, and 13 for 18O13C32S. Intensities are also reported and analyzed for all those bands. The intensity accuracy is better than 10%, and the precision of approximately 1% allows us to determine some Herman-Wallis coefficients. Copyright 1998 Academic Press.

Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of Carbonyl Sulfide from 3700 to 4800 cm-1 and Selection of a Line-Pointing Program.

We have measured the Fourier transform spectrum of natural OCS from 3700 to 4800 cm-1 with a near Doppler resolution and a line-position accuracy between 4 and 8 x 10(-5) cm-1. For the normal isotopic species, 37 vibrational transitions have been analyzed for both frequencies and intensities. We also report 15 bands of OC34S, eight bands of O13CS, nine bands of OC33S, and two bands of 18OCS. Important effective Herman-Wallis terms are explained on the basis of eigenvectors. A comparison of different line-pointing programs is also presented. Copyright 1998 Academic Press.