The effects of aquatic and land exercise on resting blood pressure and post-exercise hypotension response in elderly hypertensives.

OBJECTIVE: This study compared resting blood pressure (BP) using ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) responses in two groups of subjects trained in land exercise (LE) and aquatic exercise (AE), and assessed post-exercise hypotension (PEH) using ABPM, after land- and aquatic-based exercises. METHODS: ABPM (24 hours) was used to measure the baseline BP in elderly hypertensive women trained in LE and AE and the PEH induced by exercise. For this, 40 subjects were evaluated at rest and after a land- or aquatic-based exercise session (aerobic: 75% of reserve heart rate combined with resistance exercise). RESULTS: The daytime BP was lower for AE [systolic BP (SBP) 124 ± 1.0 mmHg, diastolic BP (DBP) 70 ± 1.5 mmHg] than for LE (SBP 134 ± 0.9 mmHg, DBP 76 ± 0.9 mmHg), but there were no differences at night-time. The aquatic exercise-induced PEH in the second hour was maintained at the 24th hour post-exercise. For land exercise-induced PEH, it was maintained at the 12th hour post-exercise. The SBP and DBP were lower at the 24th hour for AE than for LE. CONCLUSIONS: Elderly hypertensive people trained in AE had lower baseline BP during the daytime. SBP and DBP values were lower for individuals trained in AE, and their PEH was more rapid and longer lasting after AE.

Cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents living in an urban area of Southeast of Brazil: Ouro Preto Study.

This study aims to identify risk factors for cardiovascular disorders in schoolchildren living in Ouro Preto City, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was carried out in a population-based sampling of schoolchildren (6-14 years old), randomly selected and stratified by the proportion of students according to age and gender in each schools of the city. Biochemical, clinical and anthropometric variables as well as physical activity and family history were used in a logistic regression model for obesity or arterial hypertension. Out of 780 schoolchildren sampled, the risk of obesity was greater in subjects presenting high triglyceride and low high density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels, and those whose parents were obese, while the risk of hypertension was high in obese subjects and those who presented low birth weight. It was observed that 44.4% of the schoolchildren were exposed to two or three cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and 8.2% were exposed to four or six factors. These findings should be considered in preventive measures to reduce the future risk for CVD among schoolchildren in Brazil.

Enalapril no tratamento da hipertensäo leve a moderada / Enalapril in the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension

O presente é um estudo aberto, consecutivo, näo comparativo, abrangendo 47 pacientes portadores de hipertensäo arterial leve a moderada (pressäo arterial diastólica supina >= 90 mmHg e <= 114 mmHg), que utilizaram 20 a 40 mg de maleato de enalapril em dose única diária por seis semanas. Após duas semanas sem tratamento medicamentoso, os pacientes foram observados por seis semanas de tratamento ativo, sendo avaliados quanto à pressäo arterial (PA), freqüência cardíaca (FC), peso corpóreo (PC), exames hematológicos, bioquímicos, análise de urina e ecocardiogramas, além de eventual presença de reaçöes adversas. Houve normalizaçäo da PA (diastólica < 90 mmHg) em 81,6% dos pacientes; a PA sistólica média variando de 160,30 + ou - 11,30 para 128,30 + ou - 8,29 (p < 0,01) e PA diastólica média de 108,80 + ou - 5,40 para 87,73 + ou - 5,28 (p < 0,01). A dose média de maleato de enalapril utilizada para normalizaçäo da PA foi de 28 mg/dia. Os exames subsidiários realizados no final do estudo näo mostraram alteraçöes significativas em relaçäo aos iniciais. Efeitos colaterais foram observados em cinco pacientes; três casos referiram epigastralgia; um apresentou edema bimaleolar e um, referiu adinamia, nenhum necessitando interrupçäo do tratamento. Concluiu-se que o enalapril em dose única diária de 20 a 40 mg é medicaçäo eficaz, bem tolerada, com baixa incidência de efeitos colaterais