A case of lung and fungus ball lesions associated with Cladosporium Subcinereum A48 in a diabetic patient.

This study reports the first case of lung and fungus ball lesions caused by Cladosporium subcinereum A48. A rural diabetic woman infected by C. subcinereum A48, presented with fever and hemoptysis. CT scans, bronchoalveolar lavage, culture and molecular methods were used to evaluate and confirm the disease. Our patient had not taken insulin during the last few months of her life which probably caused acidosis and a decrease in the patient's immunity level, resulting in penetration and formation of a fungal in the lung.

We report a case of a rare lung disease caused by the fungus Cladosporium subcinereum A48. The patient had diabetes and a weak immune system. The patient went to the hospital because of a fever and bloody sputum. In the last months of their life, they did not use the medication that they have to lower their blood sugar. This would probably have led to a decrease in immunity and allowed the penetration and growth of fungus in their lungs. At first, doctors diagnosed the patient with lung cancer, but closer examination revealed no definitive proof supporting the presence of cancer.

A comprehensive review on the role of T cell subsets and CAR-T cell therapy in Aspergillus fumigatus infection.

Understanding the immune response to Aspergillus fumigatus, a common cause of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) in immunocompromised individuals, is critical for developing effective treatments. Tcells play a critical role in the immune response to A. fumigatus, with different subsets having distinct functions. Th1 cells are important for controlling fungal growth, while Th2 cells can exacerbate infection. Th17 cells promote the clearance of fungi indirectly by stimulating the production of various antimicrobial peptides from epithelial cells and directly by recruiting and activating neutrophils. Regulatory T cells have varied functions in A.fumigatus infection. They expand after exposure to A. fumigatus conidia and prevent organ injury and fungal sepsis by downregulating inflammation and inhibiting neutrophils or suppressing Th17 cells. Regulatory T cells also block Th2 cells to stop aspergillosis allergies. Immunotherapy with CAR T cells is a promising treatment for fungal infections, including A. fumigatus infections, especially in immunocompromised individuals. However, further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms underlying the immune response to A. fumigatus and to develop effective immunotherapies with CAR-T cells for this infection. This literature review explores the role of Tcell subsets in A.fumigatus infection, and the effects of CAR-T cell therapy on this fungal infection.

Cladosporium tenuissimum-induced sinusitis in a woman with immune-deficiency disorder.

Fungal sinusitis is a widespread infection that affects both healthy and immunocompromised individuals. Reports of sinus fungal infections have increased due to recent advances in diagnosis. Furthermore, susceptible and immune-compromised patients play an important role in increasing the number of reported cases. Infections with lesser-known fungi have been reported infrequently around the world. This paper describes a Cladosporium tenuissimum infection caused by chronic fungal sinusitis in a woman who had traveled to several countries. We used morphological and molecular methods to confirm the infection. The infection is most likely caused by the use of sulfasalazine, which is related to the patient's rheumatism. Sulfasalazine inhibits neutrophilic chemoattractant lipid synthesis in neutrophils, which play a key role in antifungal immunity. The patient is also undergoing root canal therapy and has several upper jaw implants, which may have contributed to the development of sinusitis.