Effects of dietary supplementation with vitamin A, D3, E, and garlic on heat detection, pregnancy rate, and serum profile in anestrus dairy cows.

Anestrus poses substantial challenges for dairy industries worldwide. This research aims to evaluate the effect of oral supplementation with garlic alone, vitamins A, D3, E alone, and their combination on heat detection, pregnancy rate and serum profile in anestrus dairy cows. Using a completely randomized design, this study, conducted over 327 days, evaluated 72 anestrus-affected cows, which were divided into four groups. T0 (Control) received only normal saline; T1 with vitamin A,D3,E; T2 with Garlic and T3 integrated with A, D3, E + Garlic in drinking water. Results demonstrated that the treatment groups exhibited significantly higher estrus signs (p < 0.05) compared to the control. The pregnancy rate was also increased (P = 0.059), especially in the T3 group which had the highest heat detection (55.55 %), conception (70 %), and pregnancy (38.88 %). In comparison, the heat detection rate for T1 was 44.44 %, while the conception rate for T2 was 66.66 %. Additionally, T0 exhibited the least proportion across all parameters. Additionally, the elevated BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen) and blood glucose levels observed in non-responsive (those not showing signs of heat) cows at 32.51 and 43.65 mg/dl respectively, compared to responsive cows (those showing signs of heat) with levels of 22.40 and 51.34 mg/dl. These findings suggest a potential association between these blood parameters and the cyclicity of dairy cows. These findings highlight that oral supplementation with vitamin AD3E+Garlic significantly improves the heat detection rate and pregnancy rate than only administering vitamin AD3E or Garlic with anestrus in dairy cattle.

Advancement of animal and poultry nutrition: Harnessing the power of CRISPR-Cas genome editing technology.

CRISPR-associated proteins and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR-Cas) technology has emerged as a groundbreaking advancement in animal and poultry nutrition to improve feed conversion efficiency, enhance disease resistance, and improve the nutritional quality of animal products. Despite significant advancements, there is a research gap in the systematic understanding and comprehensive use of the CRISPR-Cas method in animal and poultry nutrition. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the latest advancements in animal and poultry nutrition through CRISPR-Cas genome editing technology, focusing on gene manipulation in metabolism, immunity, and growth. Following preferred reporting items in meta-analysis and systematic reviews guidelines, we conducted a systematic search using several databases, including Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science, until May 2024, and finally, we included a total of 108 articles in this study. This article explores the use of the CRISPR-Cas system in the advancement of feed additives like probiotics and enzymes, which could reduce the use of antibiotics in animal production. Furthermore, the article discusses ethical and regulatory issues related to gene editing in animal and poultry nutrition, including concerns about animal welfare, food safety, and environmental impacts. Overall, the CRISPR-Cas system holds substantial promise to overcome the challenges in modern animal agriculture. By enriching the nutritional quality of animal products, increasing disease resistance, and improving feed efficiency, it offers sustainable and cost-effective solutions that can revolutionize animal and poultry nutrition.

Effects of antibiotic, acidifier, and probiotic supplementation on mortality rates, lipoprotein profile, and carcass traits of broiler chickens.

Antimicrobial resistance is a significant issue, therefore it's relevant to assess the effects of antibiotics, acidifiers, and probiotic supplementation finding a good alternative to reduce the use of antibiotics in broiler production in rural areas of Bangladesh. Using randomized control trial, this 28-day study evaluated 360 Hubbard Classic broiler chicks divided into four groups: oxytetracycline-treated, acidifier-treated, Lactobacillus-based probiotic-treated, and control (no antibiotics, acidifiers, or probiotics). Each group was replicated three times with 30 birds each with adlibitum feeding. Body weight and feed intake were recorded weekly, and on 28th day, carcass traits and blood lipoprotein levels were evaluated. Results showed that in first and fourth weeks, the body weight gain significantly varied in probiotics and acidifier-treated birds than the control group (P < 0.001). The probiotic group had gained considerable increase in body weight (185.0 g vs 161.7 g and 1745.0 g vs 1592.7 g) than the control group. Notably, in the first week, the feed conversion ratio for the probiotic group was 0.76, but the antibiotic group's was 0.96 (P < 0.001). The weights of the drumstick (88.33 g) and liver (61.0 g) having probiotic supplements were substantially higher than those in the control group (77.0 g and 51.33 g, respectively) (P < 0.001). According to serum lipoprotein analysis, the probiotic and acidifier groups exhibited lower LDL levels (71.1 mg/dl and 69.8 mg/dl, respectively) and higher triglyceride levels (122.9 mg/dl and 135.4 mg/dl). These findings highlight the potential of probiotics and acidifiers as effective antibiotic alternatives, promoting carcass traits and lowering LDL levels in broilers in Bangladesh.

Serum creatinine phosphokinase: A potential prognostic marker in assessing clinical severity with organophosphorus poisoning.

INTRODUCTION: Organophosphorus compound (OPC) poisoning undoubtedly being a major concern in cultivation sites of the developing world, including Bangladesh. Two potential biomarkers, for example, serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), are widely used in OPC poisoning severity indicators in patients. In this study, we sought to correlate the severity score of acute OPC poisoning with CPK or LDH level and subsequently explore their prognostic value. METHODS: This study was performed on a total of 70 patients with OPC poisoning admitted to the inpatient care unit at a territory-based hospital in Bangladesh. Sociodemographics and poison types were recorded, and severity was assessed according to Peradeniya Organophosphorus Poisoning (POP) scale. Serum CPK and LDH levels were measured and recorded. RESULTS: A total of seventy OPC patients were included with male to female ratio of 1.33:1, respectively, with a mean age of 28.7 ± 12.8 years. Chlorpyrifos and methylparathion were the most commonly utilized OP compounds, accounting for 42.9% and 28.6%, respectively. Among the OPC patients, the majority were married homemakers from rural areas. According to POP score, 55.7% and 37.1% of patients were categorized as mild and moderate, whereas very few were found to be severe. The mean serum CPK and LDH of OPC-patients at admission time were 235.6 ± 79.8 IU/L and 348.3 ± 154.1 IU/L, respectively. Serum CPK, atropine dose and hospital stay strongly correlated with clinical severity. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the serum CPK level strongly correlates with the degree of OPC poisoning and can be used as a predictor of the clinical intervention approaches.

Prevalence of Escherichia coli isolated from oropharynx and trachea of clinically sick poultry and antimicrobial resistance pattern of the strains isolated.

The study was carried out to investigate the isolation of Escherichia coli from tracheal and oropharyngeal swab of clinically sick chickens. The antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the isolates to several antimicrobials were determined with a striking emphasis on oxytetracycline. The PCR technique was applied to detect tetA, tetB, and tetC in the tetracycline-resistant isolates. The isolates were initially screened for their resistance patterns against 6 antimicrobials of six different groups using the disc diffusion technique. The results showed that 41% tracheal, 51% oropharyngeal, and 34% samples from both sites were E. coli positive respectively. Antimicrobial resistance profiling of the isolates revealed that all the isolates were resistant to oxytetracycline and sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and also 90 %, 82.9%, 63.4%, and 39% resistant to ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin, gentamicin, and colistin respectively. Notably, 82.9% isolates (95% CI 68.4%-91.8%) showed resistance to ≥3 groups of antimicrobials that means these were multi-drug resistant. Among the tetracycline-resistant isolates, 85.4% (95% CI 71.2%-93.5%), 29.3% (7.5%-44.6%), and 7.3% (1.8% - 20.1) were positive for tetA, tetB, and tetC genes respectively. The frequency of the isolation of E. coli is greater in oropharyngeal than tracheal and both kinds of samples. Commercial poultry with E. coli strains has acquired extensive resistance to oxytetracycline. This study suggests a possible association between the tetA gene and oxytetracycline resistance in E. coli isolates, but further investigations like knockdown, whole-genome sequencing, and rescue experiments are needed to establish a direct causal relationship.

RLLB/Alb ratio: a promising noninvasive diagnostic marker in assessing esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients.

BACKGROUND: Endoscopy has long been widely used to screen for esophageal varices (EV) in cirrhotic patients. Recurrent endoscopy is a significant burden for the healthcare system of the endoscopic unit as well as uncomfortable and high costs for patients. This study intended to prognosticate Right Liver Lobe Diameter/Serum Albumin Ratio (RLLD/Alb) as a non-invasive approach in the early diagnosis of EV among chronic liver disease (CLD) Bangladeshi patients enrolled in a specific hospital. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: A total of 150 admitted patients with CLD were included in the study. Patients were subjected through a comprehensive biochemical checkup and upper digestive endoscopic or ultrasonographic inspection. The correlation was evaluated between the RLLD/Alb ratio and esophageal varices grades. RESULTS: The upper digestive endoscopy demonstration among 150 patients resulted in no EV in 18%, while 24% of patients was identified as EV grade I, 20% as grade II, 20% as grade III, and 18% patients as grade IV. The mean value of the RLLD/Alb ratio was 4.89 ± 1.49 (range from 2.30 to 8.45). The RLLD/Alb ratio diagnosed the EV employing the cut-off value of 4.01 with 85.3% sensitivity and 68.8% specificity. Furthermore, it was positively correlated with the grading of EV, when this ratio increased the grading of EV increases and vice versa (r = 0.630, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The RLLD/Alb ratio is a non-invasive parameter giving exact guidance relevant to the ascertainment of the existence of EV and their grading in chronic liver disease patients.