Functional outcome 3-6 years after operative treatment of closed Weber B ankle fractures with or without syndesmotic fixation.

BACKGROUND: To compare the long-term functional outcomes of patients surgically treated for Weber B ankle fractures with or without syndesmotic fixation. METHODS: In total, 959 adult patients with previous treatment with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for closed ankle fractures were eligible for inclusion in a cross-sectional postal survey 3-6 years after surgery; 645 had Weber B fractures. The survey assessed functional outcomes with three validated ankle questionnaires. RESULTS: In total 365 (57%) patients responded at a median of 4.2 years after the trauma. After adjusting for age, sex, education, smoking status, body mass index, diabetes, physical status before surgery, fracture classification, and duration of surgery, patients with a syndesmotic fixation had no different OMAS score (p = 0.98), LEFS score (p = 0.61), and SEFAS score (p = 0.98) than those without a syndesmotic fixation. Trimalleolar fracture was associated with worse functional outcomes than unimalleolar on two of the scales, the OMAS (p = 0.028) and LEFS (p = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS: In multivariable analysis, patients with a syndesmotic fixation had no worse long-term functional outcomes than those without syndesmotic fixation.

Risk factors for symptomatic venous thromboembolism following surgery for closed ankle fractures: A case-control study.

BACKGROUND: We analyzed risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE) within 6 months after surgery for closed ankle fractures. METHODS: This was a case-control study based on data from chart review in a cohort of patients having open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for closed ankle fractures in two large general hospitals 2009-2011. Cases with symptomatic VTE (pulmonary embolism or deep venous thrombosis) were identified in the cohort, and additional cases of VTE were identified by computerized search of discharge diagnoses in the same hospitals in 2004-2008 and 2012-2016. In total, we identified 60 cases with VTE and compared with 240 randomly selected controls among 998 patients without VTE in the cohort. Risk factors were assessed using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Among cases, 27 (45%) had pulmonary embolism, 33 (55%) deep venous thrombosis. Those with VTE were older, had higher BMI, had more often a family history of VTE, and more often had antibiotic prophylaxis during surgery than controls. In multivariable logistic regression analysis age/10 (OR 25.75, 95%CI 3.52-188.44, p=0.001), (age/10)2 (OR 0.77, 95%CI 0.65-0.93, p=0.005), BMI (1.15 per kg/m2, 95%CI 1.07-1.24, p<0.001) and Charlson comorbidity index ≥2 vs.0 (OR 0.27, 95%CI 0.08-0.92, p=0.036) and 1 vs. 0 (OR 0.27, 95%CI 0.09-0.86, p=0.026) were associated with VTE within 6 months of surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The odds of symptomatic VTE within 6 months of ORIF increased with increasing age and BMI, but were lower with increasing comorbidity.