The analytical study of double diffusive convection in a rectangular enclosure bounded by porous lining with thermal radiation.

The current analytical study is dedicated to the boundary layer regime where heat and mass transfer rates are ruled by natural convection. A rectangular enclosure filled with a combination of an arbitrary buoyancy ratio has an Oseen-linear solution, and the position of Beavers and Joseph's condition is employed at the porous fluid interface. Thermal radiation's interaction with a porous lining influences overall heat transfer in a system. Porous linings and radiation are employed in many applications, such as furnaces, insulation, heat exchangers, solar energy collecting and storage, and heat control in electronics. The effect of slip and radiation is to increase the flow rate because of the reduction in friction at the surface. It indicates the fact that temperature and concentration are rapidly lowering. As the slip parameter and radiation parameter increase, the heat and mass transport increase due to the rise in velocity. The Nusselt and Sherwood numbers reach their maximum when the radiation parameter, Rayleigh number, and slip parameter are increased. The findings of the Nusslet number and Sherwood numbers are related to the finite situations of the slip parameter tending to infinity, the radiation parameter going to zero and the angle 90°.

Enriched characteristics of poultry collagen over other sources of collagen and its extraction methods: A review.

Collagen is the most abundant protein in animals and is extensively studied for its structural and thermal stability, biocompatibility, and healing properties which enables them to be widely applied in various fields. Collagen extracted from poultry sources have shown improved structural stability and reduced risk of triggering allergic responses and transmitting animal diseases onto humans. Furthermore, poultry collagen is widely accepted by consumers of diverse beliefs in comparison to collagen extracted from bovine and porcine sources. The review aims to compare different sources of collagen, focusing on the various beneficial characteristics of poultry collagen over the other sources. Moreover, the review explains various pre-treatment and extraction methods of poultry collagen and its versatile applications in different industrial sectors.

Impact of homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions in the presence of hybrid nanofluid flow on various geometries.

The current work investigates the influence of porous media, homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions, and a heat source/sink on the hybrid nanoliquid circulation on three distinct surfaces (cone, plate, and wedge). The system of equations that describe the circulation issue and operating conditions is reduced to ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by using the proper similarity transformations. The Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg 45 order and the shooting approach are used to generate the numerical results. Graphs are used to show how various dimensionless limits affect the associated profiles. The results demonstrate that, in the presence of heat source/sink and porous medium characteristics, respectively, fluid velocity and heat dispersion are high in plate geometry and lower in cone geometry. The concentration profile shows the declination in the presence of both homogeneous and heterogeneous reaction intensities. The surface drag force decreases and the rate of heat dispersion rises with the addition of a porous attribute. Furthermore, cones sprinkle the heat more quickly than wedges, which disperse heat more slowly.

Lime activated flyash-phosphogypsum blend as a low-cost alternative binder.

This study investigates the potential of a blended binder formulated from two industrial solid wastes viz. phosphogypsum and fly ash in combination with lime. Three mix proportions of phosphogypsum and fly ash were investigated, and the minimum lime contents required for activation were determined using the Eades and Grim pH test. The lime-fly ash-phosphogypsum blends were then cast into cubes, both in their paste form as well as mortar form, mixed with sand in the ratio of 1:3. They were cured for a period of seven days, and afterwards, their compressive strength was determined. Ordinary Portland cement and lime mortar blocks were also cast as control specimens for comparative evaluation of the strength. The optimal lime-fly ash-phosphogypsum blend was identified and used to construct a masonry prism, and the strengths of the masonry prisms were also evaluated. The optimal lime-fly ash-phosphogypsum blend mortar was also subjected to an X-ray diffraction analysis to determine the reaction products formed during hydration. The study revealed that 5% lime mixed with fly ash:phosphogypsum in the ratio of 3:1 was the optimal proportion which gave the maximum strength to the cubes. The optimal lime-fly ash-phosphogypsum blend mortar developed strength that was higher than conventional Portland cement and lime mortar. The optimal lime-fly ash-phosphogypsum blend mortar masonry prisms developed strength that was comparable to that of Portland cement mortar masonry. The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the formation of calcium silicate hydrate minerals as well as ettringite and portlandite which were responsible for strength gain.

In-vitro tribological study and submodeling finite element technique in analyzing wear of zirconia toughened alumina against alumina with bio-lubricants for hip implants.

Tribological study of zirconia toughened alumina against alumina is investigated using ball-on-disk tribometer with different bio-lubricants. Friction and wear coefficients are estimated for these bio-lubricants under four different loading conditions which are equivalent to regular and risky human gait activities. Experiments are carried out for a total sliding distance of 10 km with each bio-lubricant to estimate its friction and wear coefficients. Using submodeling finite element approach, cumulative linear and volumetric wear is estimated with the help of contact pressure. The sesame oil bio-lubricant showed better wear coefficient for risky gait activities and Ringer's solution exhibited minimum wear coefficient for normal walking gait activity. Overall minimum cumulative linear and volumetric wear for 2 million cycles was obtained for Ringer's solution.

Salivary Flow Rate, pH, Buffering Capacity, Total Protein, Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Capacity in Children with and without Dental Caries.

OBJECTIVES: To measure and compare the levels of salivary flow rate, pH, buffering capacity, total protein, malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) between caries active and caries free children and to study the correlation between the DMFS/dfs score and above salivary parameters in caries active children. STUDY DESIGN: 50 caries active (DMFS/dfs ≥ 5) and 50 caries free (DMFS/dfs = 0) children aged between 6 to 12 years were included in the study. From all the children, unstimulated, mid-morning saliva samples were collected and salivary flow rate was calculated. Salivary pH, buffering capacity, total protein, MDA and TAC were measured. RESULTS: The mean levels of salivary flow rate, pH, buffering capacity were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) and total protein, MDA and TAC were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in caries active children when compared to caries free controls. There was a proportionate decrease (p < 0.05) in salivary flow rate, pH and buffering capacity and proportionate increase (p > 0.05) in salivary total protein, MDA and TAC as DMFS/dfs score increased in caries active children. CONCLUSIONS: Significant alteration in the levels of salivary flow rate, pH, total proteins, MDA and TAC and their correlation with DMFS/dfs score in caries active children suggest, the levels of these physico-chemical properties of saliva can act as strong indicators of caries status in children.

Prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal injuries among South Indian hand screen-printing workers.

BACKGROUND: Hand screen-printing (HSP) plays a predominant role in textile industries in developing countries. Workers from HSP industry were mostly affected by musculoskeletal injury due to monotonous, and prolonged work nature and poor workplace environment. OBJECTIVE: The present study aims to investigate the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) symptoms and risk factors associated among the HSP industry workers. METHODS: Cochran's sample size for categorical data was used to select 385 HSP workers of 1000 samples from various provinces of Tamil Nadu, INDIA. Modified Nordic based questionnaire was used to assess the musculoskeletal injuries and risk factors among HSP workers. RESULTS: The statistical analysis revealed that 62.5% workers are prone to MSD symptoms with lower back (75.1%), shoulder (66.2%), knees (58.7%), and ankle/feet (55.6%). Age, experience, marital status, stress in the job were the risk factors which significantly (p < 0.05) associated with the reported MSDs. Further, this study result infers that the subjects with higher age and experience are exposed higher levels of MSD prevalence of 85.5% and 92.0% respectively in past 12 months than other groups. Among the different work categories in HSP task, the workers reported with the maximum discomfort during printing work (63.1%) with Odds ratio as 10.38 and 95% CI is 6.18-17.4. than the material handling and drying task. CONCLUSIONS: Study results infer that HSP workers are prone to lower back and shoulder pain followed by knees and ankle feet regions. Socio-demographic factors, awkward posture and repetitive movements contribute to cause MSD among hand screen-printing workers.

Microbiological Quality of Salads Served along with Street Foods of Hyderabad, India.

A study has been done to analyse the microbiological quality of salads served along with street foods of Hyderabad. A total of 163 salad samples, 53 of carrot and 110 of onion samples, were collected from four different zones of Hyderabad. About 74% and 56% had Staphylococcus aureus in carrots and onions, respectively. Fifty-eight percent of carrots and forty-five percent of onions samples contained Salmonella, 68% of carrots and 24% of onions had Yersinia. HACCP study was carried out with 6 street food vendors to identify the source of Salmonella contamination in salads. Food handlers were found to be responsible for Salmonella contamination in salads. The present study revealed the potential hazards of street vended salad vegetables, considering the handling practice usually carried out by vendors. Ninety-eight percent of the vendors did not wash the vegetables before processing and serving while about 56.6% of the vendors did not peel the vegetables. Majority of street vendors' nails were uncut. A significant difference (P < 0.01) was observed in Yersinia spp. and Salmonella spp. in wet-dirty chopping board when compared to clean-dry chopping board. A significant difference (P < 0.05) of Staphylococcus spp. was observed when the status of cleaning cloth was neat/untidy.

Pseudo-peptides as novel antileptospiral agents: synthesis and spectral characterization.

In this paper, we describe the synthesis of novel class of pseudo-peptides derived by coupling an amino acid with a heterocyclic moiety containing free amine group using suitable coupling agents. The synthesized compounds were characterized using spectral ((1)H NMR, (13)C NMR and MS) techniques. Preliminary pharmacological assays for Leptospirosis were studied by test tube dilution (TDT) and micro dilution technique (MDT). In particular, all the analyses led to the conclusion that the synthesized compound inhibiting the Leptospira a causal organism of Leptospirosis.

Palladium(II) complexes as biologically potent metallo-drugs: synthesis, spectral characterization, DNA interaction studies and antibacterial activity.

Four novel mononuclear Pd(II) complexes have been synthesized with the biologically active Schiff base ligands (L1-L4) derived from 3-amino-2-methyl-4(3H)-quinazolinone. The structure of the complexes has been proposed by elemental analysis, molar conductance, IR, (1)H NMR, mass, UV-Vis spectrometric and thermal studies. The investigation of interaction of the complexes with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) has been performed with absorption and fluorescence spectroscopic studies. The nuclease activity was done using pUC19 supercoiled DNA by gel-electrophoresis. All the ligands and their Pd(II) complexes have also been screened for their antibacterial activity by discolor diffusion technique.

Overexpression of MDM2 protein in ameloblastomas as compared to adenomatoid odontogenic tumor.

BACKGROUND: Recent studies on odontogenic tumors have identified various molecular alterations responsible for their development, and determination of epithelial proliferation is a useful means of investigating the differences in biologic behavior of these tumors. One such specific marker to identify proliferative activity and tumor aggressiveness by immunohistochemistry (IHC) is MDM2, 90-95 kDa protein. OBJECTIVE: This immunohistochemical study using MDM2 expression was undertaken to understand better the diverse biological activity of two groups of odontogenic tumors namely ameloblastoma and adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) based on their cell proliferation activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 50 cases, comprising of 36 ameloblastoma samples and 14 AOT samples, were subjected to heat-induced antigen retrieval method using citrate buffer in a pressure cooker. Consequently, the sections were stained with MDM2 monoclonal antibody and visualized using an LSAB+ kit. RESULTS: In ameloblastomas, statistically significant association was seen between plexiform ameloblastomas, follicular ameloblastomas with granular cell changes, desmoplastic and unicystic variants. The predominant nuclear staining by MDM2 revealed overexpression in ameloblastomas as compared to AOT. CONCLUSION: The MDM2 overexpression noticed in plexiform ameloblastoma, follicular ameloblastoma with granular cell changes and acanthomatous ameloblastoma when compared to simple unicystic and desmoplastic ameloblastoma suggest a relatively enhanced proliferative phenotype of these solid multicystic variants of ameloblastomas. On overall comparison, higher expression was noted in ameloblastomas when compared to AOT. This indicates differences in the aggressive nature between these two groups of odontogenic tumors favoring the perception of a greater aggressive nature of ameloblastomas.

Microbiological hazard identification and exposure assessment of poultry products sold in various localities of Hyderabad, India.

A study was carried out to identify microbiological hazards and assess their exposure associated with consumption of poultry based street food served in different localities of Hyderabad. The study indicated that chicken 65, chicken fried rice, chicken noodles, chicken Manchuria and chilly chicken are the most common recipes. A process flow diagram was developed to identify critical control points in the food item. After analysis of the samples at each level of preparation, it was observed that rice and noodles were kept at room temperature for about 5-6 hrs which was a critical control point. A total of 376 samples including chicken fried rice, chicken noodles, boiled noodles and boiled rice were collected from circle 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 of Greater Hyderabad municipal corporation (GHMC) and analyzed for microbiological examination. The most prevalent pathogenic bacteria isolated were S. aureus (3.4 log 10 cfu/g) and B. cereus (3.4 log 10 cfu/g). Salmonella spp. was present in salads (3.2 log 10 cfu/g) and hand washings of the food handler (3.5 log 10 cfu/g). Salmonella contamination was found in salads served along with chicken fried rice and chicken noodles than in the food.

Hepatocellular carcinoma, a rapidly increasing public health problem: the Tulane experience 2003-2009.

The rising incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the United States is of importance to all practitioners. Louisiana has one of the highest HCC related mortality rates in the United States. Our study reviews the experience with HCC at Tulane University Medical Center from 2003 to 2009 and compares our experience with the national experience. Our data shows that from 2003 to 2009, the number of new HCC cases seen at Tulane increased by 300%, paralleling reported national trends. Infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) leading to cirrhosis is the most common factor in the development of HCC. In addition, our data suggests that diabetes may play a role in the development of HCC. Our study confirms the rising incidence of HCC in Louisiana and provides strong support for the rapid implementation of statewide surveillance programs for the early detection of HCC in individuals at risk.