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1.
Nature ; 555(7695): 216-219, 2018 03 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29516997

RESUMO

The familiar axisymmetric zones and belts that characterize Jupiter's weather system at lower latitudes give way to pervasive cyclonic activity at higher latitudes. Two-dimensional turbulence in combination with the Coriolis ß-effect (that is, the large meridionally varying Coriolis force on the giant planets of the Solar System) produces alternating zonal flows. The zonal flows weaken with rising latitude so that a transition between equatorial jets and polar turbulence on Jupiter can occur. Simulations with shallow-water models of giant planets support this transition by producing both alternating flows near the equator and circumpolar cyclones near the poles. Jovian polar regions are not visible from Earth owing to Jupiter's low axial tilt, and were poorly characterized by previous missions because the trajectories of these missions did not venture far from Jupiter's equatorial plane. Here we report that visible and infrared images obtained from above each pole by the Juno spacecraft during its first five orbits reveal persistent polygonal patterns of large cyclones. In the north, eight circumpolar cyclones are observed about a single polar cyclone; in the south, one polar cyclone is encircled by five circumpolar cyclones. Cyclonic circulation is established via time-lapse imagery obtained over intervals ranging from 20 minutes to 4 hours. Although migration of cyclones towards the pole might be expected as a consequence of the Coriolis ß-effect, by which cyclonic vortices naturally drift towards the rotational pole, the configuration of the cyclones is without precedent on other planets (including Saturn's polar hexagonal features). The manner in which the cyclones persist without merging and the process by which they evolve to their current configuration are unknown.

2.
Eur Respir J ; 27(6): 1096-102, 2006 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16510455

RESUMO

Inhalation exposure to particulate matter containing endotoxin (or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)) occurs in a variety of occupations. Nasal lavage and induced sputum have been used to evaluate lung inflammation resulting from such exposures. Whole blood assay (WBA) measures cytokine production of leukocytes after ex vivo stimulation with LPS. The present study examined the effectiveness of WBA for evaluating inflammatory responses and susceptibility. C3HeB/FEJ mice were tolerised by LPS injection or sham tolerised with saline. Animals then inhaled either swine barn dust extract containing endotoxin or saline. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was assayed for leukocyte counts and pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha). Whole blood was stimulated with 10 or 100 ng.mL(-1) of LPS, incubated for 5 or 18 h and assayed for cytokines. Barn dust-exposed groups revealed significantly higher total cells, neutrophils and cytokines in BAL compared with saline-exposed groups. Animals tolerised to LPS and exposed to barn dust demonstrated lower cellular and cytokine BAL responses. Similarly, WBA yielded significantly elevated cytokines with barn dust exposure and reduced responses with tolerisation. This study demonstrates the efficacy of whole blood assay as a biomarker of inhalation exposure to inflammatory agents and its use for assessing susceptibility to organic dust-induced lung inflammation.


Assuntos
Citocinas/sangue , Poeira/imunologia , Monitoramento Ambiental , Contagem de Leucócitos , Lipopolissacarídeos/imunologia , Pneumonia/imunologia , Criação de Animais Domésticos , Animais , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar/imunologia , Dessensibilização Imunológica , Endotoxinas/imunologia , Tolerância Imunológica/imunologia , Interleucina-6/sangue , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C3H , Neutrófilos/imunologia , Suínos , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo
3.
Dis Colon Rectum ; 48(2): 317-22, 2005 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15812584

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Although the results of surgery for symptomatic rectocele seem satisfactory initially, there is a trend toward deterioration with time. This study was designed to assess the long-term outcome of Anterior Délorme's operation for rectocele. METHODS: Questionnaires were sent to all females who had Anterior Délorme's operation performed in Auckland between 1990 and 2000. The questionnaires included obstructed defecation symptoms and a validated fecal incontinence severity index questionnaire and fecal incontinence quality of life questionnaire. Preoperative and postoperative obstructed defecation symptoms and incontinence score were compared. RESULTS: A total of 150 females (mean age, 56 (range, 30-83) years) who had an Anterior Délorme's operation for a rectocele were identified. One hundred seven patients (71.5 percent; mean age, 56 years) completed the questionnaire. Median follow-up was four (range, 2-11) years. The number of patients with obstructed defecation reduced from 87 preoperatively to 23 postoperatively using Rome II criteria (P < 0.0001). Postoperatively there was a reduction in the number of patients with each of the symptoms of obstructed defecation from 83 to 27 for straining, 87 to 33 for incomplete emptying, 64 to 14 for feeling of blockage, 41 to 10 for digitation (P < 0.0001 for all). The median incontinence score reduced from 20 of 61 preoperatively to 12 of 61 postoperatively (P = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with symptomatic rectocele, Anterior Délorme's operation provides long-term benefit for patients with obstructed defecation and leads to a significant improvement of incontinence scores.


Assuntos
Procedimentos Cirúrgicos do Sistema Digestório/métodos , Retocele/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Defecação/fisiologia , Defecografia , Incontinência Fecal/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Qualidade de Vida , Retocele/fisiopatologia , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Inquéritos e Questionários , Resultado do Tratamento
4.
Br J Nutr ; 85(4): 499-507, 2001 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11348565

RESUMO

A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and carotenoid database with information on alpha- and beta-carotene, lutein, lycopene and beta-cryptoxanthin was prepared and used to compare the carotenoid intakes in five European countries: UK, Republic of Ireland, Spain, France and The Netherlands. Eighty, age- (25-45 years) and sex-matched volunteers were recruited in each of the five countries. A FFQ and carotenoid database was prepared of the most commonly consumed carotenoid rich foods in the participating countries and the information was used to calculate frequency and intake of carotenoid-rich foods. The median total carotenoid intake based on the sum of the five carotenoids, was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in France (16.1 mg/day) and lower in Spain (9.5 mg/day,) than the other countries, where the average intake was approximately 14 mg/day. Comparison of dietary source of carotenoids showed that carrots were the major source of beta-carotene in all countries except Spain where spinach was most important. Likewise, carrots were also the main source of alpha-carotene. Tomato or tomato products, were the major source of lycopene. Lutein was mainly obtained from peas in Republic of Ireland and the UK, however, spinach was found to be the major source in other countries. In all countries, beta-cryptoxanthin was primarily obtained from citrus fruit. Comparing the data with that from specific European country studies suggests that the FFQ and carotenoid database described in the present paper can be used for comparative dietary intake studies within Europe. The results show that within Europe there are differences in the specific intake of some carotenoids which are related to different foods consumed by people in different countries.


Assuntos
Carotenoides/administração & dosagem , Bases de Dados Factuais , Dieta , beta Caroteno/análogos & derivados , Adulto , Anticarcinógenos/administração & dosagem , Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Criptoxantinas , Inquéritos sobre Dietas , Europa (Continente) , Feminino , Humanos , Luteína/administração & dosagem , Licopeno , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inquéritos e Questionários , Xantofilas , beta Caroteno/administração & dosagem
5.
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol ; 280(2): L203-13, 2001 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11158998

RESUMO

Endotoxin is one of the principal components of grain dust that causes acute reversible airflow obstruction and airway inflammation. To determine whether endotoxin responsiveness influences the development of chronic grain dust-induced airway disease, physiological and airway inflammation remodeling parameters were evaluated after an 8-wk exposure to corn dust extract (CDE) and again after a 4-wk recovery period in a strain of mice sensitive to (C3H/HeBFeJ) and one resistant to (C3H/HeJ) endotoxin. After the CDE exposure, both strains of mice had equal airway hyperreactivity to a methacholine challenge; however, airway hyperreactivity persisted only in the C3H/HeBFeJ mice after the recovery period. Only the C3H/HeBFeJ mice showed significant inflammation of the lower airway after the 8-wk exposure to CDE. After the recovery period, this inflammatory response completely resolved. Lung stereological measurements indicate that an 8-wk exposure to CDE resulted in persistent expansion of the airway submucosal cross-sectional area only in the C3H/HeBFeJ mice. Collagen type III and an influx of cells into the subepithelial area participated in the expansion of the submucosa. Our findings demonstrate that subchronic inhalation of grain dust extract results in the development of chronic airway disease only in mice sensitive to endotoxin but not in mice that are genetically hyporesponsive to endotoxin, suggesting that endotoxin is important in the development of chronic airway disease.


Assuntos
Poeira/efeitos adversos , Endotoxinas/toxicidade , Pneumopatias Obstrutivas/induzido quimicamente , Pneumonia/induzido quimicamente , Zea mays/toxicidade , Actinas/análise , Doença Aguda , Administração por Inalação , Aerossóis/administração & dosagem , Aerossóis/química , Aerossóis/toxicidade , Resistência das Vias Respiratórias/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar/química , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar/citologia , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar/imunologia , Colágeno/análise , Cruzamentos Genéticos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Endotoxinas/análise , Endotoxinas/imunologia , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Imuno-Histoquímica , Pneumopatias Obstrutivas/imunologia , Pneumopatias Obstrutivas/patologia , Cloreto de Metacolina/farmacologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C3H , Neutrófilos/citologia , Neutrófilos/efeitos dos fármacos , Pneumonia/imunologia , Pneumonia/metabolismo , Pneumonia/patologia , Especificidade da Espécie
6.
Clin Chem ; 46(11): 1818-29, 2000 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11067818

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies suggest a cardioprotective role for carotenoid-rich foods. Smokers have a high risk of cardiovascular disease and low dietary intake and plasma concentrations of carotenoids. The aim of this study was to determine the carotenoid response of smokers and nonsmokers to increased intake of 300-400 g of vegetables and its effect on LDL oxidation. METHODS: After a depletion period of 8 days, 34 healthy females (18 nonsmokers, 16 smokers) were supplemented with beta-carotene- and lutein-rich (green) and lycopene-rich (red) vegetable foods, each for 7 days. RESULTS: Baseline concentrations (mean +/- SD) of plasma beta-carotene (0.203+/-0.28 micromol/L vs. 0.412+/-0.34 micromol/L; P <0.005) and lutein (0.180 +/-0.10 vs. 0.242+/-0.11 micromol/L; P<0.05) but not lycopene (0.296+/-0.10 vs. 0.319+/-0.33 micromol/L) were significantly lower in smokers compared with nonsmokers. After supplementation, the change (supplementation minus depletion) in plasma beta-carotene (0.152+/- 0.43 vs. 0.363+/-0.29 micromol/L in smokers vs. nonsmokers; P = 0.002) and LDL lutein (0.015+/-0.03 vs. 0.029+/-0.03 micromol/mmol cholesterol; P = 0.01) was significantly lower in smokers than nonsmokers. Green-vegetable supplementation had no effect on the resistance of LDL to oxidation (lag-phase) in either group. After red-vegetable supplementation, plasma and LDL lycopene concentrations were increased in both groups, but only nonsmokers showed a significant increase in the lag-phase (44.9+/-9.5 min at baseline, 41.4+/-6.5 min after depletion, and 49.0+/-8.9 min after supplementation; P<0.01) compared with depletion. CONCLUSIONS: In this short-term intervention study, a dietary intake of >40 mg/day of lycopene by a group of nonsmoking individuals significantly reduced the susceptibility of LDL to oxidation, whereas an equivalent increase in lycopene by a group of smokers showed no such effect.


Assuntos
Carotenoides/sangue , Dieta , Frutas , Lipoproteínas LDL/metabolismo , Lipoproteínas/química , Fumar/sangue , Verduras , Adulto , Carotenoides/química , Feminino , Frutas/química , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Luteína/química , Licopeno , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Oxirredução , Verduras/química , beta Caroteno/química
7.
Aust N Z J Surg ; 69(1): 22-7, 1999 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9932915

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) has become an established operation for patients with ulcerative colitis and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). The results of a 15-year experience with IPAA are reported. METHODS: Between September 1982 and June 1997, 203 patients had IPAA surgery. From a review of the charts, data were collected on the surgical procedure, the diagnosis and early and late complications. Pouch function was assessed by means of a postal questionnaire. RESULTS: Of the 201 patients (median age of 32 years; 89 women) with complete records, 122 had J pouches, 65 had W pouches and 14 S pouches were constructed. The pre-operative diagnosis in 88% was ulcerative colitis and in 10% it was FAP. During a median follow-up time of 6.1 years the diagnoses were changed for 8% of the patients; in 4% the diagnosis was changed to Crohn's disease. The overall mortality was 1.5% (early = 2, late = 1). The overall morbidity was 62% (early = 17%, late = 52%). The pouch was removed or was non-functional in 9%. All patients with a final diagnosis of Crohn's disease have had their pouch excised. The median stool frequency was 4.0 (range 1.3-8.7) during the day, and 0.7 (range 0-2.1) during the night. The fewer night-time stools (J = 1.0+/-0.6; W = 0.4+/-0.5 P < 0.0001) and the reduced requirement of the W-pouch patients for anti-diarrhoeals (P = 0.004) were offset by the need for two W-pouch patients to pass a catheter to empty their pouches. CONCLUSIONS: The type of patients who present for IPAA surgery and the outcomes observed in this series of Auckland patients are similar to those reported from major centres elsewhere.


Assuntos
Polipose Adenomatosa do Colo/cirurgia , Colite Ulcerativa/cirurgia , Doença de Crohn/cirurgia , Proctocolectomia Restauradora , Polipose Adenomatosa do Colo/mortalidade , Adolescente , Adulto , Anastomose Cirúrgica/estatística & dados numéricos , Colite Ulcerativa/mortalidade , Doença de Crohn/mortalidade , Defecação , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Morbidade , Proctocolectomia Restauradora/efeitos adversos , Proctocolectomia Restauradora/reabilitação , Proctocolectomia Restauradora/estatística & dados numéricos , Falha de Tratamento , Resultado do Tratamento
8.
Am J Epidemiol ; 147(10): 940-7, 1998 May 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9596472

RESUMO

To determine factors that influence the occurrence of congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, the authors surveyed prospectively 8,254 infants born in eastern Iowa between October 1989 and June 1994. The authors conducted a case-control study to identify maternal risk factors, matching each CMV-infected infant with three uninfected infants according to hospital and date of birth. CMV strains were compared by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to identify common sources of infection. Of the 7,229 infants cultured successfully for CMV, 35 (0.48%) were congenitally infected. Mothers of CMV-infected infants were more likely to be single (odds ratio (OR) = 3.05, p = 0.016), to work in sales (OR = 4.93, p = 0.008), or to be students (OR = 5.01, p = 0.017). Conversely, women who worked in health-care professions were less likely to have a congenitally infected infant (OR = 0.14, p = 0.049). PCR analysis indicated 27 distinct strains of CMV, but two groups of infants (two infants per group) excreted strains with indistinguishable molecular patterns. One of these pairs of infants had older siblings who attended the same child-care center during their mothers' pregnancies. The authors concluded that demographic and occupational factors influenced the risk of giving birth to an infant with congenital CMV infection. Many distinct CMV strains were identified, suggesting that major point source outbreaks had not occurred. Nonetheless, point source acquisition of CMV from child-care environments did account for some cases of congenital CMV infection in eastern Iowa.


Assuntos
Infecções por Citomegalovirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/virologia , Citomegalovirus/classificação , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Intervalos de Confiança , Citomegalovirus/genética , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/congênito , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/transmissão , DNA Viral/análise , Exposição Ambiental/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Incidência , Recém-Nascido , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas , Iowa/epidemiologia , Mães , Análise Multivariada , Ocupações , Razão de Chances , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , Vigilância da População , Estudos Prospectivos , Análise de Regressão , Fatores de Risco , Especificidade da Espécie , Inquéritos e Questionários , Mulheres Trabalhadoras
9.
Br J Nutr ; 79(2): 149-59, 1998 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9536859

RESUMO

A high intake of fruit and vegetables is believed to be protective against heart disease and cancer. beta-Carotene has been closely examined for evidence of these protective properties but evidence is still conflicting and there are many other carotenoids in plant foods which deserve attention. This paper reports studies on the concentrations of lutein and lycopene in the triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein (TRL) fraction of plasma in comparison with beta-carotene following a large dose of the respective carotenoids fed with a standard meal after an overnight fast. beta-Carotene (40 mg) was given to twelve volunteers (six men and six women) and six of the same volunteers (three men and three women) also received 31.2 mg lutein or 38 mg lycopene. Plasma was collected at hourly intervals for 8 h and the TRL fraction was separated and subsequently analysed for the respective carotenoids and retinyl palmitate in the case of beta-carotene. Intestinal uptake of the three carotenoids was estimated using the 'area under the curve' method and apparent absorption was calculated from these results. The response curves in the TRL fraction for beta-carotene and retinyl palmitate occurred maximally over the fourth to fifth hour postprandially. There was a correlation between the TRL concentrations of beta-carotene and retinyl palmitate (males r 0.62, P < 0.001; females r 0.52, P < 0.001) and there was no significant difference between men and women either in the total amount of beta-carotene appearing in the TRL fraction or in the amount converted to retinol. On estimation, approximately 1.4 mg of the 40 mg beta-carotene dose was absorbed and this was not significantly different from the amount of lycopene (1.0 mg) but significantly different (P < 0.05) from the amount of lutein (0.8 mg) absorbed, after correction for the smaller doses administered. There was approximately a twofold difference between subjects in the uptake of beta-carotene into the TRL fraction, a two- to threefold variation in lycopene and a two- to threefold variation in lutein. Despite these inter-subject differences, in three volunteers between whom there was a threefold difference in beta-carotene in the TRL fraction and a twofold difference in retinol formation, repeat experiments with beta-carotene 4 months later found differences of only 3-6% in the TRL beta-carotene content and 4-9% for the TRL retinol formed. In conclusion, large inter-subject variation in TRL carotene uptake precluded any differences between sexes but surprising intra-subject consistency was observed in TRL beta-carotene uptake of three subjects.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Carotenoides/metabolismo , Absorção Intestinal/fisiologia , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Adulto , Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Antioxidantes/análise , Área Sob a Curva , Carotenoides/administração & dosagem , Carotenoides/análise , Feminino , Humanos , Luteína/administração & dosagem , Luteína/metabolismo , Licopeno , Masculino , Período Pós-Prandial , Triglicerídeos/química , Vitamina A/metabolismo , beta Caroteno/administração & dosagem , beta Caroteno/análise , beta Caroteno/metabolismo
10.
Pract Periodontics Aesthet Dent ; 9(6 Suppl): 1-5, 1997 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9573831

RESUMO

Recent results of a limited clinical trial suggest that mechanical root scaling and root planing therapy alone may not be the most effective mode of treatment for patients affected by moderate to severe adult periodontitis. However, scaling and planing combined with laser therapy utilizing a low-powered pulsed Nd:YAG laser have been shown to be successful in the elimination of the bacteria commonly associated with the development of this oral condition. The double-blind, split mouth design study involved 10 human subjects randomly assigned to one of three treatments: 1) scaling and root planing alone, 2) dental laser plus scaling and root planing, and 3) control only. This article presents the clinical results of the trial, which suggest that laser therapy is a viable adjunct to local, nonsurgical therapy such as scaling and planing.


Assuntos
Raspagem Dentária , Terapia a Laser , Periodontite/cirurgia , Aplainamento Radicular , Adulto , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Terapia a Laser/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Satisfação do Paciente , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/microbiologia , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/cirurgia , Bolsa Periodontal/microbiologia , Bolsa Periodontal/cirurgia , Periodontite/microbiologia
11.
Infection ; 25(3): 144-9, 1997.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9181380

RESUMO

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis with primers for the pp65, a-sequence, glycoprotein B, and major immediate early genes of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) was used to study five congenitally-infected infants and their CMV-infected family members. Family members excreting CMV included three mothers and two siblings. The PCR results indicated that the CMV strain excreted by each infant was indistinguishable from that excreted by the corresponding family member. By contrast, the molecular profiles of the CMV strains were distinct between families, indicating that the PCR algorithm described in this study is a useful method for analyzing CMV strains.


Assuntos
Infecções por Citomegalovirus/congênito , Citomegalovirus/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/diagnóstico , Antígenos Virais/genética , Sequência de Bases , Pré-Escolar , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/diagnóstico , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/transmissão , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/virologia , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Proteínas Imediatamente Precoces/genética , Lactente , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas , Masculino , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Fosfoproteínas/genética , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/virologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Proteínas do Envelope Viral/genética , Proteínas da Matriz Viral/genética , Eliminação de Partículas Virais/genética
12.
Hum Mol Genet ; 5(6): 853-6, 1996 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8776603

RESUMO

Late-onset non-syndromic hearing impairment is the most common type of neurological dysfunction in the elderly. It can be either acquired or inherited, although the relative impact of heredity on this type of loss is not known. To date, nine different genes have been localized, but none has been cloned. Using an extended American family in which a gene for autosomal dominant late-onset non-syndromic hearing impairment is segregating, we have identified a new locus, DFNA10, on chromosome 6.


Assuntos
Cromossomos Humanos Par 6 , Genes Dominantes , Perda Auditiva Neurossensorial/genética , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Linhagem
13.
Br J Sports Med ; 30(1): 32-5, 1996 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8665115

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To assess maternal rectal temperature and fetal heart rate responses to dynamic exercise. METHODS: 11 healthy women with low risk pregnancies completed three separate upright cycling tests at 34 to 37 weeks gestation: 15 min at 62.5 W (mean maternal heart rate [MHR] 138 beats.min-1 (test A); 15 min at 87.5 W (MHR 156 beats.min-1) (test B); and 30 min at 62.5 W (MHR 142 beats.min-1) (test C). Rectal temperature and fetal heart rate were measured. RESULTS: Mean temperature increase after tests B and C [by 0.4(SD 0.1) degrees C] was greater than after test A [0.2(0.1) degrees C] (P < 0.001). Fetal heart rate, measured in the recovery period immediately after exercise, increased significantly only after tests B and C (P < 0.01). Exercise related changes in temperature and fetal heart rate weakly correlated in tests B (P < 0.02) and C (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Temperature and fetal heart rate changes were more marked after higher intensity (test B) or longer duration exercise (test C) compared with moderate exercise, but none of the tests caused adverse fetal heart rate changes (decrease in accelerations, bradycardia, or decelerations) or individual temperatures above 38 degrees C.


Assuntos
Ciclismo/fisiologia , Temperatura Corporal/fisiologia , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Frequência Cardíaca Fetal/fisiologia , Gravidez/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Terceiro Trimestre da Gravidez , Reto
14.
J Pediatr Psychol ; 21(1): 73-88, 1996 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8820074

RESUMO

Examined differences in recall performance and rehearsal strategies in boys with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and comparison boys using an overt rehearsal procedure on a self-paced, multitrial, free recall task. Boys with ADHD recalled fewer words, tended to spend less time rehearsing the items, and spent less time attempting to retrieve them. Although they did not rehearse items less frequently than comparison boys, they relied almost exclusively on repetition of single items. In contrast, comparison boys showed some evidence of using active, multi-item (cumulative) rehearsal. Despite their failure to use cumulative rehearsal, boys with ADHD identified it as more effective than single-item rehearsal in a subsequent forced-choice assessment of strategy knowledge.


Assuntos
Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/psicologia , Rememoração Mental , Prática Psicológica , Resolução de Problemas , Análise de Variância , Criança , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores de Tempo
16.
Genome Res ; 5(3): 305-8, 1995 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8593615

RESUMO

Autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss (ARNSHL) is the most common form of congenitally acquired inherited hearing impairment. Although numerous loci are believed to exist, only five have been identified. Using a pooled genomic DNA screening strategy, we have identified a sixth locus, DFNB6, on 3p in the interval bounded by D3S1619 and D3S1766.


Assuntos
Cromossomos Humanos Par 3/genética , Genes Recessivos , Perda Auditiva Neurossensorial/genética , Alelos , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Consanguinidade , Feminino , Humanos , Escore Lod , Masculino
17.
Paraplegia ; 31(8): 516-20, 1993 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8414636

RESUMO

Concern over the development of tolerance in patients on continuous intrathecal baclofen therapy has arisen as this new form of treatment for spasticity has gained wider use. We have studied time-dose relationships in 18 spinal cord injured patients who have undergone intrathecal baclofen infusion pump implantation since February 1988 in our facility. Our data show that there was a significant increase in baclofen dosage needed to control spasticity during the first 12 months post implantation. After 12 months, however, no significant changes in dosage requirement was detected. In addition, there was no significant difference between completely and incompletely spinal cord injured patients with regard to both the initial dose and the tolerance trend.


Assuntos
Baclofeno/uso terapêutico , Espasticidade Muscular/tratamento farmacológico , Baclofeno/administração & dosagem , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Tolerância a Medicamentos , Humanos , Bombas de Infusão Implantáveis , Injeções Espinhais , Espasticidade Muscular/etiologia , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal/complicações , Fatores de Tempo
19.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness ; 33(1): 40-3, 1993 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8350606

RESUMO

In order to test whether trained (n = 10) and sedentary (n = 29) pregnant women have different responses to weight-bearing exercise in the second trimester (range 23 to 28 weeks of gestation), subjects walked continuously on a treadmill for 26 minutes: at low intensity for 10 minutes, then an intermediate stage, followed by moderate intensity for 10 minutes. In the trained group, the mean heart rate was lower (p < 0.02) with both low [104.0 +/- 4.5 (SD) versus 117.4 +/- 2.3 bpm] and moderate intensity exercise (128.4 +/- 5.7 versus 145.2 +/- 2.9 bpm) and the associated mean stroke volume was higher (105 +/- 16 versus 84 +/- 17 ml; 103 +/- 15 versus 86 +/- 18 ml, respectively) (p < 0.02). The mean cardiac output, blood pressure and oxygen consumption were the same in the two groups (p > 0.02) at the same absolute workloads. The potential implications of these findings for exercise prescriptions for pregnant women, research evaluation and exercise testing are discussed.


Assuntos
Hemodinâmica/fisiologia , Aptidão Física/fisiologia , Gravidez/fisiologia , Caminhada/fisiologia , Adulto , Débito Cardíaco , Feminino , Frequência Cardíaca , Humanos , Consumo de Oxigênio
20.
Br J Sports Med ; 26(2): 121-4, 1992 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1623357

RESUMO

When using Borg's 6-20 scale during pregnancy, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) did not significantly correlate with exercise heart rates (HR) (P greater than 0.05). The HR predicted from RPE significantly (P less than 0.05) underestimated the exercise HR in the second trimester during walking (Group 1: mean difference 16 beats min-1, n = 11), aerobics classes (Group 4: mean 15 beats min-1, n = 48) and circuit training (Group 3: mean 18 beats min-1, n = 24); and in the third trimester during cycling (Group 2: mean 16 beats min-1, n = 12) and aerobics classes (Group 5: mean 11 beats min-1, n = 29). Maximal individual HR under-estimations were large for each physical activity during pregnancy, with values up to 54 beats min-1. Consequently, exercise intensity should not be monitored solely with RPE during pregnancy.


Assuntos
Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Percepção , Esforço Físico/fisiologia , Gravidez/psicologia , Teste de Esforço , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido
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