Spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma in children.

Spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with intraperitoneal haemorrhage is a life-threatening complication with a high mortality rate. The mechanism of spontaneous rupture of HCC is unknown. It may be related to venous congestion, haemorrhage, central necrosis, or trauma. Patients with ruptured tumours confirmed on computerised tomography (CT) scan underwent immediate cardiovascular resuscitation. Depending on the stage of the tumour as seen on the CT scan and the condition of the patient, stoppage of bleeding was accomplished by transcutaneous hepatic artery embolisation, selective hepatic artery ligation, or hepatic resection. Only clinically stable, small tumours were resected as an emergency procedure. We report the case of a 12-year-old child admitted with acute right upper quadrant abdominal pain and signs of hypovolaemia. Ultrasonography revealed free peritoneal fluid and left liver haematoma was suspected. CT scan showed a tumour on the left side of the liver and free peritoneal fluid. Emergency laparotomy revealed haemoperitoneum and a 5-cm diameter left liver tumour which was ulcerated and haemorrhagic. The tumour was completely resected. Histopathological examination confirmed a diagnosis of rupture of differentiated HCC.

Emphysematous cystitis of the diabetic patient.

BACKGROUND: Emphysematous cystitis is defined by the presence of gas in the urinary bladder wall. It complicates urinary tract infections especially in diabetic patients. AIMS: We present a case of emphysematous cystitis in a diabetic patient with a poor glycemia control and we discuss diagnostics and treatment items of this uncommon and serious infection. METHODS AND RESULTS: A 45-year-old man was admitted to the emergency department with confusion and abdominal pain. The clinical examination found a septic shock the Ultra-sonography (US) showed a cholecystitis the patient was operated without amelioration. A post operative pelvic computed tomography (CT) demonstrated intramural gas in the urinary bladder, which suggested a diagnosis of emphysematous cystitis. The treatment was based on an antibiotics associated with a bladder drainage. The evolution was in favor. CONCLUSION: Every diabetic patient with a urinary tract infection who seems to be severely ill should have an abdominal X-ray as a minimal screening tool to detect emphysematous complications.

Complicated jejunal diverticulosis: A case report with literature review.

CONTEXT: Jejunal diverticuli are rare and usually asymptomatic. More commonly, they are seen as incidental findings on CT images, enteroclysis, or during surgery. Complications such as bleeding, perforation, obstruction, malabsorption, diverticulitis, blind loop syndrome, volvulus, and intussusceptions may warrant surgical intervention. CASE REPORT: We report a case of 47-year old woman who had suffered from intestinal obstruction for 3 days. The symptoms did not improve after conservative treatment. An exploratory laparotomy found small bowel obstruction due to proximal jejunal diverticulum with an adhesion epiploic band. Strangulation of the jejunum resulted from the internal hernia caused by the band. The band was removed and the proximal jejunum segmentally resected. The postoperative course was uneventful. CONCLUSION: Although this phenomenon is rare, we should keep in mind that intestinal diverticulosis may induce intestinal obstructions of different kinds, repeat physical examinations and X-ray films are needed and enteroclysis studies or CT scan are helpful in diagnosis. Surgery is indicated for acute abdominal or repeated intestinal obstruction.