Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 20 de 46
Filtrar
1.
Clin J Am Soc Nephrol ; 17(4): 535-545, 2022 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35314481

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Home dialysis therapies (peritoneal and home hemodialysis) are less expensive and provide similar outcomes to in-center hemodialysis, but they are underutilized in most health systems. Given this, we designed a multifaceted intervention to increase the use of home dialysis. In this study, our objective was to evaluate the effect of this intervention on home dialysis use in CKD clinics across Canada. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS: We conducted a cluster randomized controlled trial in 55 CKD clinic clusters in nine provinces in Canada between October 2014 and November 2015. Participants included all adult patients who initiated dialysis in the year following the intervention. We evaluated the implementation of a four-component intervention, which included phone surveys from a knowledge translation broker, a 1-year center-specific audit/feedback on home dialysis use, delivery of an educational package (including tools aimed at both providers and patients), and an academic detailing visit. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients using home dialysis at 180 days after dialysis initiation. RESULTS: A total of 55 clinics were randomized (27 in the intervention and 28 in the control), with 5312 patients initiating dialysis in the 1-year follow-up period. In the primary analysis, there was no difference in the use of home dialysis at 180 days in the intervention and control clusters (absolute risk difference, 4%; 95% confidence interval, -2% to 10%). Using a difference-in-difference comparison, the use of home dialysis at 180 days was similar before and after implementation of the intervention (difference of 0% in intervention clinics; 95% confidence interval, -2% to 3%; difference of 0.8% in control clinics; 95% confidence interval, -1% to 3%; P=0.84). CONCLUSIONS: A multifaceted intervention did not increase the use of home dialysis in adults initiating dialysis. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NAME AND REGISTRATION NUMBER: A Cluster Randomized Trial to Assess the Impact of Patient and Provider Education on Use of Home Dialysis, NCT02202018.


Assuntos
Hemodiálise no Domicílio , Insuficiência Renal Crônica , Adulto , Canadá , Humanos , Diálise Renal , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/terapia , Inquéritos e Questionários
2.
J Am Soc Nephrol ; 32(7): 1791-1800, 2021 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33858985

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The Initiating Dialysis Early and Late (IDEAL) trial, published in 2009, found no clinically measurable benefit with respect to risk of mortality or early complications with early dialysis initiation versus deferred dialysis start. After these findings, guidelines recommended an intent-to-defer approach to dialysis initiation, with the goal of deferring it until clinical symptoms arise. METHODS: To evaluate a four-component knowledge translation intervention aimed at promoting an intent-to-defer strategy for dialysis initiation, we conducted a cluster randomized trial in Canada between October 2014 and November 2015. We randomized 55 clinics, 27 to the intervention group and 28 to the control group. The educational intervention, using knowledge-translation tools, included telephone surveys from a knowledge-translation broker, a 1-year center-specific audit with feedback, delivery of a guidelines package, and an academic detailing visit. Participants included adults who had at least 3 months of predialysis care and who started dialysis in the first year after the intervention. The primary efficacy outcome was the proportion of patients who initiated dialysis early (at eGFR >10.5 ml/min per 1.73 m2). The secondary outcome was the proportion of patients who initiated in the acute inpatient setting. RESULTS: The analysis included 3424 patients initiating dialysis in the 1-year follow-up period. Of these, 509 of 1592 (32.0%) in the intervention arm and 605 of 1832 (33.0%) in the control arm started dialysis early. There was no difference in the proportion of individuals initiating dialysis early or in the proportion of individuals initiating dialysis as an acute inpatient. CONCLUSIONS: A multifaceted knowledge translation intervention failed to reduce the proportion of early dialysis starts in patients with CKD followed in multidisciplinary clinics. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NAME AND REGISTRATION NUMBER: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02183987. Available at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02183987.

3.
Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes ; 13(9): e006415, 2020 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32873054

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Clinical practice guidelines recommend routine kidney function and serum potassium testing within 30 days of initiating ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blocker therapy. However, evidence is lacking about whether follow-up testing reduces therapy-related adverse outcomes. METHODS AND RESULTS: We conducted 2 population-based retrospective cohort studies in Kaiser Permanente Northern California and Ontario, Canada. Patients with outpatient serum creatinine and potassium tests in the 30 days after starting ACE inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blocker therapy were matched 1:1 to patients without follow-up tests. We evaluated the association of follow-up testing with 30-day all-cause mortality and hospitalization with acute kidney injury or hyperkalemia using Cox regression. We also developed and externally validated a risk score to identify patients at risk of having abnormally high serum creatinine and potassium values in follow-up. We identified 75 251 matched pairs initiating ACE inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blocker therapy between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2017, in Kaiser Permanente Northern California. Follow-up testing was not significantly associated with 30-day all-cause mortality in Kaiser Permanente Northern California (hazard ratio, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.54-1.06]) and was associated with higher mortality in 84 905 matched pairs in Ontario (hazard ratio, 1.32 [95% CI, 1.07-1.62]). In Kaiser Permanente Northern California, follow-up testing was significantly associated with higher rates of hospitalization with acute kidney injury (hazard ratio, 1.66 [95% CI, 1.10-2.22]) and hyperkalemia (hazard ratio, 3.36 [95% CI, 1.08-10.41]), as was observed in Ontario. The risk score for abnormal potassium provided good discrimination (area under the curve [AUC], 0.75) and excellent calibration of predicted risks, while the risk score for abnormal serum creatinine provided moderate discrimination (AUC, 0.62) but excellent calibration. CONCLUSIONS: Routine laboratory monitoring after ACE inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blocker initiation was not associated with a lower risk of 30-day mortality. We identified patient subgroups in which targeted testing may be effective in identifying therapy-related changes in serum potassium or kidney function.


Assuntos
Injúria Renal Aguda/diagnóstico , Antagonistas de Receptores de Angiotensina/uso terapêutico , Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina/uso terapêutico , Creatinina/sangue , Monitoramento de Medicamentos , Hiperpotassemia/diagnóstico , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Potássio/sangue , Sistema Renina-Angiotensina/efeitos dos fármacos , Injúria Renal Aguda/sangue , Injúria Renal Aguda/mortalidade , Injúria Renal Aguda/terapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antagonistas de Receptores de Angiotensina/efeitos adversos , Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina/efeitos adversos , Biomarcadores/sangue , California/epidemiologia , Técnicas de Apoio para a Decisão , Feminino , Hospitalização , Humanos , Hiperpotassemia/sangue , Hiperpotassemia/mortalidade , Hiperpotassemia/terapia , Hipertensão/diagnóstico , Hipertensão/mortalidade , Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Rim/metabolismo , Rim/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ontário/epidemiologia , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto Jovem
4.
Can J Kidney Health Dis ; 7: 2054358119887988, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32076569

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Small randomized trials demonstrated that a lower compared with higher dialysate temperature reduced the average drop in intradialytic blood pressure. Some observational studies demonstrated that a lower compared with higher dialysate temperature was associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality. There is now the need for a large randomized trial that compares the effect of a low vs high dialysate temperature on major cardiovascular outcomes. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to test the effect of outpatient hemodialysis centers randomized to (1) a personalized temperature-reduced dialysate protocol or (2) a standard-temperature dialysate protocol for 4 years on cardiovascular-related death and hospitalizations. DESIGN: The design of the study is a pragmatic, registry-based, open-label, cluster randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Hemodialysis centers in Ontario, Canada, were randomized on February 1, 2017, for a trial start date of April 3, 2017, and end date of March 31, 2021. PARTICIPANTS: In total, 84 hemodialysis centers will care for approximately 15 500 patients and provide over 4 million dialysis sessions over a 4-year follow-up. INTERVENTION: Hemodialysis centers were randomized (1:1) to provide (1) a personalized temperature-reduced dialysate protocol or (2) a standard-temperature dialysate protocol of 36.5°C. For the personalized protocol, nurses set the dialysate temperature between 0.5°C and 0.9°C below the patient's predialysis body temperature for each dialysis session, to a minimum dialysate temperature of 35.5°C. PRIMARY OUTCOME: A composite of cardiovascular-related death or major cardiovascular-related hospitalization (a hospital admission with myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, or ischemic stroke) captured in Ontario health care administrative databases. PLANNED PRIMARY ANALYSIS: The primary analysis will follow an intent-to-treat approach. The hazard ratio of time-to-first event will be estimated from a Cox model. Within-center correlation will be considered using a robust sandwich estimator. Observation time will be censored on the trial end date or when patients die from a noncardiovascular event. TRIAL REGISTRATION: www.clinicaltrials.gov; identifier: NCT02628366.


CONTEXTE: De petits essais à répartition aléatoire ont montré que l'utilisation d'un dialysat à basse température réduisait le risque d'hypotension intra-dialytique. De même, certaines études observationnelles ont démontré qu'un dialysat à basse température était associé à un plus faible risque de mortalité toute cause ou d'origine cardiovasculaire. Le temps est venu de procéder à un vaste essai à répartition aléatoire comparant les effets d'un dialysat à basse température et à température standard sur les principaux résultats cardiovasculaires. OBJECTIF: Répartir aléatoirement des centres d'hémodialyse ambulatoire pour qu'ils suivent pendant quatre ans (i) un protocole personnalisé de dialysat à basse température ou (ii) un protocole de dialysat à température standard, et tester l'effet sur les hospitalisations et la mortalité attribuables à des événements cardiovasculaires. TYPE D'ÉTUDE: Un essai clinique à répartition aléatoire en grappes. CADRE: Le 1er février 2017, des centres d'hémodialyse de l'Ontario (Canada) ont été répartis aléatoirement en vue d'un essai qui a débuté le 3 avril 2017 et qui se poursuivra jusqu'au 31 mars 2021. PARTICIPANTS: Quatre-vingt-quatre centres d'hémodialyse qui prendront en charge environ 15 500 patients pendant les quatre ans de suivi. INTERVENTION: Les centres d'hémodialyse ont été répartis aléatoirement (1:1) pour offrir (i) un protocole personnalisé de dialysat à température réduite ou (ii) un protocole de dialysat à 36,5°C. Pour le protocole personnalisé, les infirmières règlent la température du dialysat entre 0,5 et 0,9°C sous la température corporelle du patient mesurée avant la dialyse, jusqu'à une température minimale de 35,5°C. PRINCIPAUX RÉSULTATS: Un ensemble d'hospitalisations attribuables à un événement cardiovasculaire majeur (accident ischémique cérébral non fatal, infarctus du myocarde ou insuffisance cardiaque congestive) et de décès d'origine cardiovasculaire consignés dans les bases de données de santé de l'Ontario. PRINCIPALE ANALYSE ENVISAGÉE: L'analyse primaire adoptera une approche fondée sur l'intention de traiter. Un modèle de Cox servira à estimer le rapport de risque du temps écoulé jusqu'au premier événement. La corrélation intra-centre sera prise en compte à l'aide d'un estimateur sandwich robuste. Le temps d'observation sera censuré à la date de fin de l'essai ou au moment d'un décès non lié à un événement cardiovasculaire.

5.
JAMA Intern Med ; 179(7): 934-941, 2019 07 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31135821

RESUMO

Importance: Published in 2010, the Initiating Dialysis Early and Late (IDEAL) randomized clinical trial, which randomized patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) between 10 and 15 mL/min/1.73 m2 to planned initiation of dialysis with an estimated GFR between 10 and 14 mL/min/1.73 m2 (early start) or an estimated GFR between 5 and 7 mL/min/1.73 m2 (late start), concluded that early initiation was not associated with improved survival or clinical outcomes. Objective: To assess the association between the IDEAL trial results and the proportion of early dialysis starts over time. Design, Setting, and Participants: This interrupted time series analysis used data from the Canadian Organ Replacement Register to study adult (≥18 years of age) patients with incident chronic dialysis between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2015, in Canada, which has a universal health care system. Patients from the province of Quebec were excluded because its privacy laws preclude submission of deidentified data without first-person consent. The patients included in the study (n = 28 468) had at least 90 days of nephrologist care before starting dialysis and a recorded estimated GFR at dialysis initiation. Data analyses were performed from November 2016 to January 2019. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was the proportion of early dialysis starts (estimated GFR >10.5 mL/min/1.73 m2), and the secondary outcomes included the proportions of acute inpatient dialysis starts, patients who started dialysis using a home modality, and patients receiving hemodialysis who started with an arteriovenous access. Measures included the trend prior to the IDEAL trial publication, the change in this trend after publication, and the immediate consequence of publication. Results: The final cohort comprised 28 468 patients, of whom 17 342 (60.9%) were male and the mean (SD) age was 64.8 (14.6) years. Before the IDEAL trial, a statistically significant increasing trend was observed in the monthly proportion of early dialysis starts (adjusted rate ratio, 1.002; 95% CI, 1.001-1.004; P = .004). After the IDEAL trial, an immediate decrease was observed in the proportion of early dialysis starts (rate ratio, 0.874; 95% CI, 0.818-0.933; P < .001), along with a statistically significant change in trend between the pretrial and posttrial periods (rate ratio, 0.994; 95% CI, 0.992-0.996; P < .001). No statistically significant differences were found in acute inpatient dialysis initiations, the proportion of patients receiving home dialysis as the initial modality, or the proportion of arteriovenous access creation at hemodialysis initiation after the IDEAL trial publication. Conclusions and Relevance: The publication of the IDEAL trial appeared to be associated with an immediate and meaningful change in the timing of dialysis initiation in Canada.


Assuntos
Diálise Renal , Idoso , Canadá , Feminino , Serviços de Assistência Domiciliar , Humanos , Falência Renal Crônica/terapia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Tempo
6.
Clin J Am Soc Nephrol ; 14(3): 403-410, 2019 03 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30659057

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Canadian home hemodialysis guidelines highlight the potential differences in complications associated with arteriovenous fistula (AVF) cannulation technique as a research priority. Our primary objective was to determine the feasibility of randomizing patients with ESKD training for home hemodialysis to buttonhole versus stepladder cannulation of the AVF. Secondary objectives included training time, pain with needling, complications, and cost by cannulation technique. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS: All patients training for home hemodialysis at seven Canadian hospitals were assessed for eligibility, and demographic information and access type was collected on everyone. Patients who consented to participate were randomized to buttonhole or stepladder cannulation technique. Time to train for home hemodialysis, pain scores on cannulation, and complications over 12 months was recorded. For eligible but not randomized patients, reasons for not participating in the trial were documented. RESULTS: Patient recruitment was November 2013 to November 2015. During this time, 158 patients began training for home hemodialysis, and 108 were ineligible for the trial. Diabetes mellitus as a cause of ESKD (31% versus 12%) and central venous catheter use (74% versus 6%) were more common in ineligible patients. Of the 50 eligible patients, 14 patients from four out of seven sites consented to participate in the study (28%). The most common reason for declining to participate was a strong preference for a particular cannulation technique (33%). Patients randomized to buttonhole versus stepladder cannulation required a shorter time to complete home hemodialysis training. We did not observe a reduction in cannulation pain or complications with the buttonhole method. Data linkages for a formal cost analysis were not conducted. CONCLUSIONS: We were unable to demonstrate the feasibility of conducting a randomized, controlled trial of buttonhole versus stepladder cannulation in Canada with a sufficient number of patients on home hemodialysis to be able to draw meaningful conclusions.


Assuntos
Derivação Arteriovenosa Cirúrgica , Cateterismo/métodos , Hemodiálise no Domicílio , Falência Renal Crônica/terapia , Adulto , Idoso , Derivação Arteriovenosa Cirúrgica/efeitos adversos , Derivação Arteriovenosa Cirúrgica/economia , Canadá , Cateterismo/efeitos adversos , Cateterismo/economia , Análise Custo-Benefício , Feminino , Custos de Cuidados de Saúde , Hemodiálise no Domicílio/efeitos adversos , Hemodiálise no Domicílio/economia , Humanos , Falência Renal Crônica/diagnóstico , Falência Renal Crônica/economia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Projetos Piloto , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento
7.
Can J Kidney Health Dis ; 6: 2054358119894394, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31903190

RESUMO

Hemodialysis is a life-sustaining treatment for persons with kidney failure. However, those on hemodialysis still face a poor quality of life and a short life expectancy. High-quality research evidence from large randomized controlled trials is needed to identify interventions that improve the experiences, outcomes, and health care of persons receiving hemodialysis. With the support of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and its Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research, the Innovative Clinical Trials in Hemodialysis Centers initiative brought together Canadian and international kidney researchers, patients, health care providers, and health administrators to participate in a workshop held in Toronto, Canada, on June 2 and 3, 2018. The workshop served to increase knowledge and awareness about the conduct of innovative, pragmatic, cluster-randomized registry trials embedded into routine hemodialysis care and provided an opportunity to discuss and build support for new trial ideas. The workshop content included structured presentations, facilitated group discussions, and expert panel feedback. Partnerships and promising trial ideas borne out of the workshop will continue to be developed to support the implementation of future large-scale trials.


L'hémodialyse constitue un traitement essentiel au maintien de la vie pour les personnes atteintes d'insuffisance rénale. Les patients hémodialysés voient cependant leur qualité et leur espérance de vie réduites. Des données de recherches probantes, provenant de vastes essais cliniques contrôlés à répartition aléatoire, sont nécessaires pour améliorer l'expérience, les résultats et les soins des patients hémodialysés. Grâce au soutien des Instituts de recherche en santé du Canada (IRSC) et de leur Stratégie de recherche axée sur le patient (SRAP), l'initiative sur les essais cliniques novateurs (ECN) en centres d'hémodialyse a réuni divers intervenants en santé rénale (chercheurs, patients, fournisseurs de soins et administrateurs), du Canada et de partout dans le monde, lors d'un colloque qui s'est tenu à Toronto les 2 et 3 juin 2018. Ce colloque a permis d'accroître la sensibilisation et les connaissances sur la conduite d'essais cliniques novateurs, répartis en grappes, pragmatiques et intégrés aux soins d'hémodialyse de routine. Cette rencontre a également fourni une occasion de discuter de nouvelles idées d'essais cliniques et de susciter les appuis nécessaires à leur réalisation. Le colloque s'est déroulé sous forme de présentations structurées, de discussions animées en groupe et de rétroaction de la part d'un comité d'experts. Les idées de recherche prometteuses et les partenariats issus de ce colloque continueront d'être développés pour soutenir la réalisation d'essais cliniques futurs de grande envergure.

8.
Can J Kidney Health Dis ; 5: 2054358118805418, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30349730

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Several different indices summarize patient comorbidity using health care data. An accurate index can be used to describe the risk profile of patients, and as an adjustment factor in analyses. How well these indices perform in persons with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is not well known. OBJECTIVE: Assess the performance of 5 comorbidity indices at predicting mortality in 3 different patient groups with CKD: incident kidney transplant recipients, maintenance dialysis patients, and individuals with low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). DESIGN: Population-based retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Ontario, Canada, between 2004 and 2014. PATIENTS: Individuals at the time they first received a kidney transplant, received maintenance dialysis, or were confirmed to have an eGFR less than 45 mL/min per 1.73m2. MEASUREMENTS: Five comorbidity indices: Charlson comorbidity index, end-stage renal disease-modified Charlson comorbidity index, Johns Hopkins' Aggregated Diagnosis Groups score, Elixhauser score, and Wright-Khan index. Our primary outcome was 1-year all-cause mortality. METHODS: Comorbidity indices were estimated using information in the prior 2 years. Each group was randomly divided 100 times into derivation and validation samples. Model discrimination was assessed using median c-statistics from logistic regression models, and calibration was evaluated graphically. RESULTS: We identified 4111 kidney transplant recipients, 23 897 individuals receiving maintenance dialysis, and 181 425 individuals with a low eGFR. Within 1 year, 108 (2.6%), 4179 (17.5%), and 17 898 (9.9%) in each group had died, respectively. In the validation sample, model discrimination was inadequate with median c-statistics less than 0.7 for all 5 comorbidity indices for all 3 groups. Calibration was also poor for all models. LIMITATIONS: The study used administrative health care data so there is the potential for misclassification. Indices were modeled as continuous scores as opposed to indicators for individual conditions to limit overfitting. CONCLUSIONS: Existing comorbidity indices do not accurately predict 1-year mortality in patients with CKD. Current indices could be modified with additional risk factors to improve their performance in CKD, or a new index could be developed for this population.


CONTEXTE: Il existe plusieurs indices cliniques qui résument les comorbidités des patients à partir des données du système de santé. Un indice fiable pourrait être utilisé pour décrire le profil de risque du patient et agir à titre de facteur correctif dans les analyses. Nous en savons encore peu sur la manière dont performent ces indices chez les personnes souffrant d'insuffisance rénale chronique (IRC). OBJECTIF: L'étude visait à évaluer la performance de cinq indices de comorbidité à prédire la mortalité dans trois différents groupes de patients : (1) des patients nouvellement greffés du rein; (2) les patients traités par dialyse d'entretien, et; (3) des individus présentant un faible débit de filtration glomérulaire estimé (DFGe). TYPE D'ÉTUDE: Il s'agit d'une étude de cohorte rétrospective représentative de la population étudiée. CADRE: L'étude s'est tenue en Ontario, au Canada, entre 2004 et 2014. SUJETS: Les sujets ont été inclus au moment d'une première greffe rénale, alors qu'ils amorçaient un traitement de dialyse périodique ou au moment du diagnostic d'un DFGe inférieur à 45 ml/min/1,73 m2. MESURES: Cinq indices de comorbidité ont été évalués : l'indice de comorbidité de Charlson, une version de ce même indice ajustée pour l'insuffisance rénale terminale, le Johns Hopkins' Aggregated Diagnosis Groups score, le score d'Elixhauser et l'indice de Wright-Khan. Le principal résultat mesuré était la mortalité toutes causes à l'intérieur d'un an. MÉTHODOLOGIE: Les indices de comorbidité ont été estimés à partir des informations recueillies pour les deux ans précédant l'inclusion des sujets. Chaque groupe a été divisé 100 fois de façon aléatoire pour constituer des échantillons de dérivation et de validation. Le pouvoir discriminant du modèle a été évalué en utilisant la médiane de la statistique C des modèles de régression logistique, et la calibration a été estimée graphiquement. RÉSULTATS: Nous avons répertorié un total de 4 111 receveurs d'une greffe rénale, de 23 897 individus suivant un traitement de dialyse périodique et de 181 425 individus dont le DFGe se situait sous le seuil des 45 ml/min/1,73 m2. Durant la période étudiée sont décédés 108 patients greffés (2,6 %), 4 179 patients dialysés (17,5 %) et 17 898 sujets présentant un faible DFGe (9,9 %). Dans l'échantillon de validation, le pouvoir discriminant du modèle s'est avéré inadéquat pour chacun des indices dans les trois groupes, avec une médiane de la statistique C de 0,7. La calibration s'est également montrée faible dans tous les modèles. LIMITES: Nous avons employé les données administratives en santé et dès lors, certaines données ont pu être mal classées. Les indices évalués ont été modélisés sous forme de scores en continu plutôt que comme des indicateurs de l'état de santé individuel afin de limiter la surcorrection. CONCLUSION: Les indices de comorbidité existants n'ont pu prédire avec exactitude la mortalité sur une période d'un an dans une population de patients atteints d'insuffisance rénale chronique. Le pouvoir prédictif des indices actuels pourrait être amélioré dans les cas d'IRC par l'ajout de facteurs de risques supplémentaires. Sinon, l'élaboration d'un nouvel indice spécifique à cette population pourrait représenter une autre avenue.

9.
Can J Kidney Health Dis ; 5: 2054358118783761, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30083365

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Many patients who receive chronic hemodialysis have a limited life expectancy comparable to that of patients with metastatic cancer. However, patterns of home palliative care use among patients receiving hemodialysis are unknown. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to undertake a current-state analysis to inform measurement and quality improvement in palliative service use in Ontario. METHODS: We conducted a descriptive study of outcomes and home palliative care use by Ontario residents maintained on chronic dialysis using multiple provincial healthcare datasets. The period of study was the final year of life, for those died between January 2010 and December 2014. RESULTS: We identified 9611 patients meeting inclusion criteria. At death, patients were (median [Q1, Q3] or %): 75 (66, 82) years old, on dialysis for 3.0 (1.0-6.0) years, 41% were women, 65% had diabetes, 29.6% had dementia, and 13.9% had high-impact neoplasms, and 19.9% had discontinued dialysis within 30 days of death. During the last year of life, 13.1% received ⩾1 home palliative services. Compared with patients who had no palliative services, those who received home palliative care visits had fewer emergency department and intensive care unit visits in the last 30 days of life, more deaths at home (17.1 vs 1.4%), and a lower frequency of deaths with an associated intensive care unit stay (8.1 vs 37.8%). CONCLUSIONS: Only a small proportion of patients receiving dialysis in Ontario received support through the home palliative care system. There appears to be an opportunity to improve palliative care support in parallel with dialysis care, which may improve patient, family, and health-system outcomes.


CONTEXTE: L'espérance de vie de bon nombre de patients traités par hémodialyse chronique se compare à celle des patients atteints d'un cancer métastatique. Cependant, les tendances d'utilisation des soins palliatifs à domicile chez les patients hémodialysés sont encore peu connues. OBJECTIF DE L'ÉTUDE: Nous souhaitions faire une analyse de l'état actuel des choses afin d'éclairer sur la mesure et l'amélioration de la qualité des soins palliatifs en Ontario. MÉTHODOLOGIE: Nous avons mené une étude descriptive des issues pour les patients et de l'utilisation des soins palliatifs à domicile chez les patients hémodialysés en Ontario. Plusieurs ensembles de données provinciales en soins de santé ont été employés pour procéder à l'analyse. La dernière année de vie des patients décédés entre janvier 2010 et décembre 2014 a constitué la période étudiée. RÉSULTATS: Les patients satisfaisant les critères d'inclusion étaient au nombre de 9 611. La cohorte était constituée à 41 % de femmes. Au moment du décès, l'âge médian (Q1; Q3) des patients était de 75 ans (66; 82 ans) et la médiane de la durée des traitements d'hémodialyse était de trois ans en moyenne (1,0; 6,0 ans). Parmi les comorbidités recensées au décès, 65 % des patients étaient aussi diabétiques, environ un tiers (29,3 %) étaient atteints de démence et 13,9 % présentaient des néoplasmes. Dans les 30 jours précédant leur décès, 19,9 % des patients avaient cessé leurs traitements de dialyse. Au cours de la dernière année de vie, seulement 13,1 % des patients de la cohorte avaient reçu au moins un service de soins palliatifs à domicile. Lorsque comparés aux patients n'ayant reçu aucun service en soins palliatifs, ils se sont moins souvent présentés aux urgences et ont moins souvent séjourné dans les unités de soins intensifs. De plus, une plus grande proportion des patients ayant reçu des soins palliatifs sont décédés à domicile, soit 17,1 % contre 1,4 % des patients n'ayant reçu aucun service en soins palliatifs. Enfin, le taux de mortalité associé à un séjour aux soins intensifs s'est avéré bien inférieur chez les patients qui avaient reçu des soins palliatifs, soit 8,1 % contre 37,8 % pour les patients n'ayant reçu aucun service de soins palliatifs. CONCLUSION: En Ontario, une très faible proportion des patients hémodialysés a reçu du soutien par l'entremise du système de soins palliatifs à domicile au cours de la période étudiée. Il semble donc y avoir une possibilité d'améliorer l'offre de soins palliatifs parallèlement aux traitements de dialyse; et ceci pourrait avoir une incidence positive sur les patients et leurs proches, de même que sur le système de santé.

10.
BMC Nephrol ; 19(1): 195, 2018 08 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30081845

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Exercise improves functional outcomes and quality of life of older patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis. Yet exercise is not promoted as part of routine care. Health care providers and family carers rarely provide encouragement for patients to exercise, and the majority of older patients remain largely inactive. There is thus the need for a shift in the culture of hemodialysis care towards the promotion of exercise for wellness, including expectations of exercise participation by older patients, and encouragement by health care providers and family carers. Film-based educational initiatives hold promise to effect cultures of best practice, but have yet to be utilized in this population. METHODS: We developed a research-based film, Fit for Dialysis, to promote exercise for wellness in hemodialysis care. Using a qualitative approach, we evaluated the effects that resulted from engagement with this film (e.g. knowledge/attitudes regarding the importance of exercise-based principles of wellness) as well as the generative mechanisms of these effects (e.g. realism, aesthetics). We also explored the factors related to patients, family carers, and health care providers that influenced engagement with the film, and the successful uptake of the key messages of Fit for Dialysis. We conducted qualitative interviews with 10 patients, 10 health care providers, and 10 family carers. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: The film was perceived to be effective in increasing patients', family carers' and health care providers' understanding of the importance of exercise and its benefits, motivating patients to exercise, and in increasing encouragement by family carers and health care providers of patient exercise. Realism (e.g. character identification) and aesthetic qualities of the film (e.g. dialogue) were identified as central generative mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS: Fit for Dialysis is well-positioned to optimize the health and wellbeing of older adults undergoing hemodialysis. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02754271 ( ClinicalTrials.gov ), retroactively registered on April 21, 2016.


Assuntos
Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Promoção da Saúde/métodos , Falência Renal Crônica/terapia , Filmes Cinematográficos , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto/métodos , Diálise Renal/métodos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Exercício Físico/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Falência Renal Crônica/psicologia , Masculino , Motivação/fisiologia , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Diálise Renal/psicologia
11.
Can J Kidney Health Dis ; 4: 2054358117703059, 2017.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28616249

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Patients with chronic kidney disease may not be receiving recommended primary renal care. OBJECTIVE: To use recently established primary care quality indicators for chronic kidney disease to determine the proportion of patients receiving recommended renal care. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study using administrative data with linked laboratory information. SETTING: The study was conducted in Ontario, Canada, from 2006 to 2012. PATIENTS: Patients over 40 years with chronic kidney disease or abnormal kidney function in primary care were included. MEASUREMENTS: In total, 11 quality indicators were assessed for chronic kidney disease identified through a Delphi panel in areas of screening, monitoring, drug prescribing, and laboratory monitoring after initiating an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB). METHODS: We calculated the proportion and cumulative incidence at the end of follow-up of patients meeting each indicator and stratified results by age, sex, cohort entry, and chronic kidney disease stage. RESULTS: Less than half of patients received follow-up tests after an initial abnormal kidney function result. Most patients with chronic kidney disease received regular monitoring of serum creatinine (91%), but urine albumin-to-creatinine monitoring was lower (70%). A total of 84% of patients age 66 and older did not receive a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug prescription of at least 2-week duration. Three quarters of patients age 66 and older were on an ACE inhibitor or ARB, and 96% did not receive an ACE inhibitor and ARB concurrently. Among patients 66 to 80 years of age with chronic kidney disease, 65% were on a statin. One quarter of patients age 66 and older who initiated an ACE inhibitor or ARB had their serum creatinine and potassium monitored within 7 to 30 days. LIMITATIONS: This study was limited to people in Ontario with linked laboratory information. CONCLUSIONS: There was generally strong performance across many of the quality of care indicators. Areas where more attention may be needed are laboratory testing to confirm initial abnormal kidney function test results and monitoring serum creatinine and potassium after initiating a new ACE inhibitor or ARB.


MISE EN CONTEXTE: Les patients atteints d'insuffisance rénale chronique ne reçoivent pas toujours les soins de première ligne recommandés pour leur état de santé. OBJECTIF: Utiliser des indicateurs de la qualité nouvellement établis pour évaluer les soins primaires offerts dans les cas de néphropathie chronique et ainsi déterminer la proportion de patients qui reçoivent les soins recommandés. MODÈLE D'ÉTUDE: Il s'agit d'une étude de cohorte rétrospective utilisant les données administratives auxquelles sont rattachés des renseignements obtenus en laboratoire. CADRE DE L'ÉTUDE: L'étude s'est tenue en Ontario, au Canada, de 2006 à 2012. PATIENTS: Une cohorte de patients de plus de 40 ans souffrant d'insuffisance rénale chronique ou dont la fonction rénale était jugée anormale par les dispensateurs de soins de première ligne. MESURES: On a mesuré onze indicateurs de la qualité des soins offerts pour les cas de néphropathie chronique. Ces indicateurs ont été identifiés grâce à un panel Delphi selon les critères du dépistage, de la surveillance, de la prescription de médicaments et du suivi biologique suivant l'initiation d'un traitement par un inhibiteur de l'enzyme de conversion de l'angiotensine (ECA) ou par un antagoniste des récepteurs de l'angiotensine (ARA). MÉTHODOLOGIE: Nous avons calculé la proportion et l'incidence cumulée de chacun des indicateurs à la fin du suivi des patients et stratifié les résultats selon l'âge, le sexe, l'arrivée dans la cohorte et le stade de l'insuffisance rénale chronique. RÉSULTATS: Moins de la moitié des patients avait subi des tests de suivi à la suite d'un diagnostic initial de fonction rénale anormale. La grande majorité des patients atteints d'insuffisance rénale chronique avait eu un suivi régulier pour une mesure de la créatinine sérique (91%), mais la proportion des patients ayant eu un suivi du ratio albumine-créatinine urinaire était plus faible (70%). Quatre-vingt-quatre pour cent des patients n'avaient reçu aucune prescription d'anti-inflammatoire non stéroïdien pour une durée minimale de deux semaines. Les trois quarts des patients suivaient un traitement soit par un inhibiteur de l'ECA ou par un ARA; mais 96% de ces patients ne recevaient pas les deux médicaments de façon concomitante. Chez les patients âgés de 50 à 80 ans atteints d'insuffisance rénale chronique, 65% étaient traités par une statine. Une mesure de la créatinine et du potassium avait été prise à l'intérieur de 7 à 30 jours pour le quart des patients qui étaient sous traitement par un inhibiteur de l'ECA ou par un ARA. LIMITES DE L'ÉTUDE: Cette étude est limitée par le fait que la cohorte ne comprenait que des patients Ontariens pour lesquels les données étaient couplées à des renseignements de laboratoire. CONCLUSIONS: De manière générale, de bons résultats avaient été obtenus dans l'ensemble des indicateurs de la qualité des soins mesurés. Toutefois, une attention particulière devrait être apportée aux deux indicateurs suivants: les essais en laboratoire pour confirmer les résultats obtenus aux tests de détection d'une fonction rénale anormale, ainsi que la mesure de la créatininémie et du taux de potassium à la suite de l'amorce d'un traitement par un inhibiteur de l'ECA ou un ARA.

12.
Can J Kidney Health Dis ; 4: 2054358117703071, 2017.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28491337

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Indigenous peoples in Canada have higher rates of kidney disease than non-Indigenous Canadians. However, little is known about the risk of kidney disease specifically in the Métis population in Canada. OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of chronic kidney disease and incidence of acute kidney injury and end-stage kidney disease among registered Métis citizens in Ontario and a matched sample from the general Ontario population. DESIGN: Population-based, retrospective cohort study using data from the Métis Nation of Ontario's Citizenship Registry and administrative databases. SETTING: Ontario, Canada; 2003-2013. PATIENTS: Ontario residents ≥18 years. MEASUREMENTS: Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and incidence of acute kidney injury and end-stage kidney disease. Secondary outcomes among patients hospitalized with acute kidney injury included non-recovery of kidney function and mortality within 1 year of discharge. METHODS: Database codes and laboratory values were used to determine study outcomes. Métis citizens were matched (1:4) to Ontario residents on age, sex, and area of residence. The analysis included 12 229 registered Métis citizens and 48 916 adults from the general population. RESULTS: We found the prevalence of chronic kidney disease was slightly higher among Métis citizens compared with the general population (3.1% vs 2.6%, P = 0.002). The incidence of acute kidney injury was 1.2 per 1000 person-years in both Métis citizens and the general population (P = 0.54). Of those hospitalized with acute kidney injury, outcomes were similar among Métis citizens and the general population except 1-year mortality, which was higher for Métis citizens (24.5% vs 15.3%, P = 0.03). The incidence of end-stage kidney disease did not differ between groups (<3.0 per 10 000 person-years, P = 0.73). LIMITATIONS: The Métis Nation of Ontario Citizenship Registry only captures about 20% of Métis people in Ontario. Administrative health care codes used to identify kidney disease are highly specific but have low sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS: Rates of kidney disease were similar or slightly higher for Métis citizens in Ontario compared with the matched general population.


CONTEXTE: Les autochtones du Canada présentent des taux plus élevés d'insuffisance rénale que les Canadiens non autochtones. Cependant, on en sait encore très peu au sujet des risques de maladies rénales spécifiques aux populations de Métis au Canada. OBJECTIF: L'étude visait à comparer la prévalence de l'insuffisance rénale chronique et l'incidence de l'insuffisance rénale aigüe ou terminale parmi les citoyens métis inscrits en Ontario avec un échantillon apparié de la population non autochtone de l'Ontario. MODÈLE D'ÉTUDE: Il s'agit d'une étude de cohorte rétrospective basée sur la population qui a utilisé les données du registre de citoyenneté de la nation métisse de l'Ontario et les bases de données administratives. CADRE DE L'ÉTUDE: L'étude a été menée en Ontario, au Canada, entre 2003 et 2013. PATIENTS: La cohorte était constituée d'adultes résidants de l'Ontario. MESURES: La prévalence de l'insuffisance rénale chronique et l'incidence de l'insuffisance rénale aigüe ou terminale ont été mesurées. Les critères d'évaluation secondaires observés chez les patients hospitalisés pour insuffisance rénale aigüe incluaient le non-recouvrement de la fonction rénale et la mortalité du patient dans l'année suivant la sortie de l'hôpital. MÉTHODOLOGIE: Les codes des bases de données et les valeurs de laboratoire ont été utilisés pour déterminer les résultats de l'étude. Les citoyens métis ont été appariés (1:4) à des résidents non autochtones de l'Ontario en tenant compte de l'âge, du sexe et de la région de résidence. L'analyse a porté sur un total de 12 229 citoyens métis inscrits et 48 916 adultes de la population générale. RÉSULTATS: Nous avons constaté que la prévalence de l'insuffisance rénale chronique était légèrement plus élevée chez les citoyens métis par rapport à la population générale (3.1% contre 2.6%, P = 0.002). L'incidence de l'insuffisance rénale aigüe a été de 1.2 pour 1000 années-personnes tant pour les citoyens métis que pour l'ensemble de la population (P = 0.54). Parmi les personnes hospitalisées pour insuffisance rénale aigüe, les résultats étaient similaires pour les citoyens métis et la population générale sauf en ce qui a trait à la mortalité du patient dans l'année suivant l'hospitalisation, qui s'est avérée plus élevée chez les citoyens métis (24.5% contre 15.3%, P = 0.03). Quant à l'incidence de l'insuffisance rénale terminale, aucune différence n'a été observée entre les deux groupes (<3.0 pour 10 000 années-personnes, P = 0.73). LIMITES DE L'ÉTUDE: Le registre des citoyens de la nation métisse de l'Ontario ne répertorie que 20% environ des Métis résidant en Ontario. Les codes administratifs du système de santé qui servent à repérer les cas d'insuffisance rénale sont très spécifiques, mais présentent une faible sensibilité. CONCLUSION: Les taux d'insuffisance rénale se sont avérés similaires ou légèrement plus élevés pour les citoyens métis par rapport à la population générale en Ontario.

13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27006781

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Home dialysis is being increasingly promoted among patients with end-stage renal disease, but the comparative effectiveness of home hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether patients receiving home daily hemodialysis have reduced mortality risk compared with matched patients receiving home peritoneal dialysis. DESIGN: This study is an observational, propensity-matched, new-user cohort study. SETTING: Linked electronic data were from the United States Renal Data System (USRDS) and a large dialysis provider's database. PATIENTS: The patients were adults receiving in-center hemodialysis in the USA between 2004 and 2011 and registered in the USRDS. MEASUREMENTS: Baseline comorbidities, demographics, and outcomes for both groups were ascertained from the United States Renal Data System. METHODS: We identified 3142 consecutive adult patients initiating home daily hemodialysis (≥5 days/week for ≥1.5 h/day) and matched 2688 of them by propensity score to 2688 contemporaneous US patients initiating home peritoneal dialysis. We used Cox regression to compare all-cause mortality between groups. RESULTS: After matching, the two groups were well balanced on all baseline characteristics. Mean age was 51 years, 66 % were male, 72 % were white, and 29 % had diabetes. During 10,221 patient-years of follow-up, 1493/5336 patients died. There were significantly fewer deaths among patients receiving home daily hemodialysis than those receiving peritoneal dialysis (12.7 vs 16.7 deaths per 100 patient-years, respectively; hazard ratio (HR) 0.75; 95 % CI 0.68-0.82; p < 0.001). Similar results were noted with several different analytic methods and for all pre-specified subgroups. LIMITATIONS: We cannot exclude residual confounding in this observational study. CONCLUSIONS: Home daily hemodialysis was associated with lower mortality risk than home peritoneal dialysis.


MISE EN CONTEXTE: Les patients atteints d'insuffisance rénale terminale sont de plus en plus encouragés à pratiquer l'hémodialyse à domicile. Toutefois, l'efficacité de ce traitement par rapport à l'hémodialyse péritonéale est inconnue. OBJECTIFS DE L'ÉTUDE: Cette étude visait à déterminer si le risque de mortalité des patients pratiquant l'hémodialyse quotidienne à domicile était inférieur à celui de patients ayant un profil similaire et recevant des traitements de dialyse péritonéale. TYPE D'ÉTUDE: Il s'agit d'une étude observationnelle menée sur une cohorte de nouveaux utilisateurs, appariés par score de propension. RECRUTEMENT DES PARTICIPANTS: Les participants à l'étude, des adultes ayant reçu des traitements de dialyse en centre, aux États-Unis entre 2004 et 2011 et qui étaient inscrits dans les bases de données électroniques du United States Renal Data System (USRDS). Les données recueillies dans le USRDS ont été couplées aux bases de données d'un important fournisseur de produits de dialyse. MESURES: Le profil démographique des patients des deux groupes, ainsi que les renseignements cliniques au sujet des affections concomitantes et du pronostic inscrits au dossier au moment du recrutement, ont été établis à partir des données du USRDS. MÉTHODOLOGIE: Nous avons répertorié un total de 3142 patients qui amorçaient un programme de dialyse quotidienne à domicile, à raison d'un minimum de 1,5 heure par jour, au moins cinq jours par semaine. De ce nombre, 2688 ont été sélectionnés et appariés par score de propension à 2688 patients américains qui commençaient un programme de dialyse péritonéale à domicile au même moment. Le modèle de régression de Cox a été utilisé pour comparer les taux de mortalité toutes causes confondues dans les deux groupes. RÉSULTATS: Les patients des deux groupes étaient bien équilibrés après l'appariement quant à leurs caractéristiques initiales : ils étaient en majorité des hommes (66 %), blancs (72 %) dont l'âge moyen se situait à 51 ans. De plus, 29 % d'entre eux souffraient également de diabète. Au cours des 10 221 années-patients de suivi de l'étude, 1493 des 5336 participants sont décédés. On a noté un taux de mortalité significativement plus faible dans le groupe pratiquant la dialyse quotidienne à domicile par rapport au groupe recevant le traitement par dialyse péritonéale (12,7 vs 16,7 décès par 100 années-patients ; RR 0,75 ; 95 % IC 0,68 ­ 0,82 ; p < 0,001). Des résultats similaires ont été observés à l'aide de diverses méthodes d'analyse pour tous les sous-groupes prédéterminés. LIMITES DE L'ÉTUDE: Nous ne pouvons exclure que cette étude observationnelle contienne des variables confusionnelles résiduelles. CONCLUSIONS: Cette étude démontre que le risque de mortalité chez les patients qui pratiquent l'hémodialyse quotidienne à domicile est moindre que pour les patients qui subissent leur traitement par dialyse péritonéale.

14.
Nephrol Dial Transplant ; 31(4): 520-3, 2016 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26994293

RESUMO

Arteriovenous fistulae remain the access of choice for most hemodialysis patients. However, several factors limit their uptake and long-term patency, resulting in suboptimal prevalent rates in many high-income countries. Patients place considerable value on the avoidance of vascular access complications, pain and disfigurement. The approach to cannulation is a modifiable practice that could improve patient-important outcomes, with buttonhole needling offering some theoretical advantages over the standard rope-ladder and area methods. In this narrative review, we summarize key findings of studies reporting the benefits and risks associated with the buttonhole method, highlighting methodological limitations as well as recent refinements to the technique that may represent potential opportunities for reducing infection risk. We highlight the need for greater certainty surrounding the potential benefits of the buttonhole cannulation technique and propose some directions for future research.


Assuntos
Fístula Arteriovenosa/cirurgia , Derivação Arteriovenosa Cirúrgica/métodos , Cateterismo/métodos , Diálise Renal/métodos , Humanos
15.
Can J Kidney Health Dis ; 3: 2054358116665257, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28270916

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Early initiation of chronic dialysis (starting dialysis with higher vs lower kidney function) has risen rapidly in the past 2 decades in Canada and internationally, despite absence of established health benefits and higher costs. In 2014, a Canadian guideline on the timing of dialysis initiation, recommending an intent-to-defer approach, was published. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a knowledge translation intervention to promote the intent-to-defer approach in clinical practice. DESIGN: This study is a multicenter, 2-arm parallel, cluster randomized trial. SETTING: The study involves 55 advanced chronic kidney disease clinics across Canada. PATIENTS: Patients older than 18 years who are managed by nephrologists for more than 3 months, and initiate dialysis in the follow-up period are included in the study. MEASUREMENTS: Outcomes will be measured at the patient-level and enumerated within a cluster. Data on characteristics of each dialysis start will be determined by linkages with the Canadian Organ Replacement Register. Primary outcomes include the proportion of patients who start dialysis early with an estimated glomerular filtration rate greater than 10.5 mL/min/1.73 m2 and start dialysis in hospital as inpatients or in an emergency room setting. Secondary outcomes include the rate of change in early dialysis starts; rates of hospitalizations, deaths, and cost of predialysis care (wherever available); quarterly proportion of new starts; and acceptability of the knowledge translation materials. METHODS: We randomized 55 multidisciplinary chronic disease clinics (clusters) in Canada to receive either an active knowledge translation intervention or no intervention for the uptake of the guideline on the timing of dialysis initiation. The active knowledge translation intervention consists of audit and feedback as well as patient- and provider-directed educational tools delivered at a comprehensive in-person medical detailing visit. Control clinics are only exposed to guideline release without active dissemination. We hypothesize that the clinics randomized to the intervention group will have a lower proportion of early dialysis starts. LIMITATIONS: Limitations include passive dissemination of the guideline through publication, and lead-time and survivor bias, which favors delayed dialysis initiation. CONCLUSIONS: If successful, this active knowledge translation intervention will reduce early dialysis starts, lead to health and economic benefits, and provide a successful framework for evaluating and disseminating future guidelines. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02183987.


MISE EN CONTEXTE: Malgré l'absence d'avantages probants pour la santé des patients et en dépit de coûts plus élevés liés à la dialyse, la décision d'amorcer un tel traitement au moment où la fonction rénale du patient est encore relativement élevée (dialyse hâtive) est en forte hausse depuis une vingtaine d'années au Canada et partout dans le monde. Toutefois, les lignes directrices canadiennes publiées en 2014 à ce sujet recommandent plutôt de retarder le démarrage de la dialyse. OBJECTIFS DE L'ÉTUDE: Cette étude a pour but d'évaluer l'efficacité et la sécurité d'une intervention au niveau de l'application des connaissances qui favoriserait le démarrage tardif de la dialyse chronique dans la pratique. CADRE ET TYPE D'ÉTUDE: Il s'agit d'un essai clinique randomisé en deux groupes parallèles avec échantillonnage par grappes (clusters). Cinquante-cinq cliniques multidisciplinaires traitant des patients en insuffisance rénale chronique et provenant de partout au Canada participent à l'étude. PATIENTS: L'étude porte sur des patients adultes suivis par un néphrologue depuis plus de trois mois et ayant démarré la dialyse au cours de la période de suivi. MESURES: Les données recueillies seront mesurées au niveau des patients et analysées par regroupement (clusters). Les paramètres de démarrage pour chaque début de dialyse seront établis par la consultation du registre canadien des insuffisances et des transplantations d'organes (RCITO). Les issues primaires sont i) la proportion de patients qui auront démarré la dialyse avec un débit de filtration glomérulaire estimé de plus de 10,5 mL/min/1,73 m2 (dialyse hâtive); ii) la proportion de patients pour lesquels l'amorce aura été faite au cours d'une hospitalisation ou lors d'une admission aux urgences. Les issues secondaires qui seront mesurées incluent : le taux de variation dans le moment du démarrage de la dialyse, le taux d'hospitalisations, le nombre de décès et les coûts associés aux soins prédialyse (lorsque l'évaluation est possible). On voudra également établir un rapport trimestriel des nouveaux cas de démarrages de dialyses, et savoir à quel point les éléments de transmission des connaissances seront acceptés dans la pratique. MÉTHODOLOGIE: Nous avons randomisé 55 cliniques multidisciplinaires en traitement de l'insuffisance rénale (clusters) au Canada à recevoir, ou non, une intervention de transmission des connaissances portant sur les lignes directrices Canadiennes du démarrage de la dialyse. L'intervention consiste en une visite médicale individuelle où l'information pertinente et des outils pédagogiques, tant pour le patient que pour le médecin traitant, sont distribués. Le suivi est assuré par rétroaction et par des vérifications ponctuelles (audits). Les groupes contrôles sont quant à eux mis au fait des nouvelles recommandations sans toutefois recevoir d'outils pédagogiques ni être soumis à la diffusion active de l'information. Nous émettons l'hypothèse que la proportion de dialyses hâtives diminuera au sein des cliniques ayant été randomisées dans le groupe où une intervention sera effectuée. LIMITES DE L'ÉTUDE: La première limite consiste en la possible diffusion passive des nouvelles lignes directrices uniquement par voie de publication. En outre, les biais liés à la survie et au délai d'exécution favorisent les démarrages tardifs de dialyse. CONCLUSION: Une intervention réussie au niveau de la transmission des connaissances contribuera à réduire le nombre d'amorces de dialyse hâtives. Dès lors, on peut penser que cela aura une incidence sur les coûts reliés à cette procédure et des avantages pour la santé des patients. Enfin, cette étude pourrait constituer un cadre favorable pour procéder à l'évaluation et à la diffusion de futures lignes directrices.

16.
Hemodial Int ; 19 Suppl 1: S80-92, 2015 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25925828

RESUMO

Creating and maintaining a healthy vascular access is a critical factor in successful home hemodialysis (HD). This article aims to serve as a "how-to manual" regarding vascular access issues for both patients and health-care providers in a home HD program. This document outlines cannulation options for patients with arteriovenous access and describes troubleshooting techniques for potential complications; strategies are suggested to help patients overcome fear of cannulation and address problems associated with difficult cannulation. Technical aspects of central venous catheter care, as well as a guide to troubleshooting catheter complications, are covered in detail. Monitoring for access-related complications of stenosis, infection, and thrombosis is a key part of every home HD program. Key performance and quality indicators are important mechanisms to ensure patient safety in home HD and should be used during routine clinic visits.


Assuntos
Cateteres Venosos Centrais , Hemodiálise no Domicílio , Controle de Infecções/métodos , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto , Trombose/prevenção & controle , Hemodiálise no Domicílio/efeitos adversos , Hemodiálise no Domicílio/métodos , Humanos
17.
Kidney Int ; 88(2): 360-8, 2015 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25786099

RESUMO

While home dialysis is being promoted, there are few comparative effectiveness studies of home-based modalities to guide patient decisions. To address this, we matched 1116 daily home hemodialysis (DHD) patients by propensity scores to 2784 contemporaneous USRDS patients receiving home peritoneal dialysis (PD), and compared hospitalization rates from cardiovascular, infectious, access-related or bleeding causes (prespecified composite), and modality failure risk. We performed similar analyses for 1187 DHD patients matched to 3173 USRDS patients receiving in-center conventional hemodialysis (CHD). The composite hospitalization rate was significantly lower with DHD than with PD (0.93 vs. 1.35/patient-year, hazard ratio=0.73 (95% CI=0.67-0.79)). DHD patients spent significantly fewer days in hospital than PD patients (5.2 vs. 9.2 days/patient-year), and significantly more DHD patients remained admission-free (52% DHD vs. 32% PD). In contrast, there was no significant difference in hospitalizations between DHD and CHD (DHD vs. CHD: 0.93 vs. 1.10/patient-year, hazard ratio 0.92 (0.85-1.00)). Cardiovascular hospitalizations were lower with DHD than with CHD (0.68 (0.61-0.77)), while infectious and access hospitalizations were higher (1.15 (1.04-1.29) and 1.25 (1.08-1.43), respectively). Significantly more PD than DHD patients switched back to in-center HD (44% vs. 15%; 3.4 (2.9-4.0)). In this prevalent cohort, home DHD was associated with fewer admissions and hospital days than PD, and a substantially lower risk of modality failure.


Assuntos
Hemodiálise no Domicílio/estatística & dados numéricos , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Falência Renal Crônica/terapia , Diálise Peritoneal/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Instituições de Assistência Ambulatorial , Canadá/epidemiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Feminino , Hemodiálise no Domicílio/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Infecções/epidemiologia , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Diálise Peritoneal/efeitos adversos , Diálise Renal/efeitos adversos , Diálise Renal/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Dispositivos de Acesso Vascular/efeitos adversos , Dispositivos de Acesso Vascular/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto Jovem
18.
Am J Kidney Dis ; 65(1): 26-32, 2015 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25059221

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Finding relevant articles in large bibliographic databases such as PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, and EMBASE to inform care and future research is challenging. Articles relevant to chronic kidney disease (CKD) are particularly difficult to find because they are often published under different terminology and are found across a wide range of journal types. STUDY DESIGN: We used computer automation within a diagnostic test assessment framework to develop and validate information search filters to identify CKD articles in large bibliographic databases. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: 22,992 full-text articles in PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, or EMBASE. INDEX TEST: 1,374,148 unique search filters. REFERENCE TEST: We established the reference standard of article relevance to CKD by manual review of all full-text articles using prespecified criteria to determine whether each article contained CKD content or not. We then assessed filter performance by calculating sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value for the retrieval of CKD articles. Filters with high sensitivity and specificity for the identification of CKD articles in the development phase (two-thirds of the sample) were then retested in the validation phase (remaining one-third of the sample). RESULTS: We developed and validated high-performance CKD search filters for each bibliographic database. Filters optimized for sensitivity reached at least 99% sensitivity, and filters optimized for specificity reached at least 97% specificity. The filters were complex; for example, one PubMed filter included more than 89 terms used in combination, including "chronic kidney disease," "renal insufficiency," and "renal fibrosis." In proof-of-concept searches, physicians found more articles relevant to the topic of CKD with the use of these filters. LIMITATIONS: As knowledge of the pathogenesis of CKD grows and definitions change, these filters will need to be updated to incorporate new terminology used to index relevant articles. CONCLUSIONS: PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, and EMBASE can be filtered reliably for articles relevant to CKD. These high-performance information filters are now available online and can be used to better identify CKD content in large bibliographic databases.


Assuntos
Bases de Dados Bibliográficas , Medical Subject Headings , Publicações Periódicas como Assunto , Insuficiência Renal Crônica , Ferramenta de Busca/métodos , Terminologia como Assunto , Humanos , Disseminação de Informação , Editoração/normas , Padrões de Referência , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/diagnóstico , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/terapia , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA