Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/genética , HIV-2/genética , Epidemiologia Molecular , Filogenia , Recombinação Genética , Células Cultivadas , Gana/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Humanos , Leucócitos Mononucleares , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Alinhamento de Sequência , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
Eleven human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) isolates from Ghanaian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex (ARC) patients obtained by our serosurvey in 1986-1994 were genomically analyzed and phylogenetically compared with other known strains. A phylogenetic tree constructed by analyzing the env region indicated that heterogeneous HIV-1 strains were circulating in Ghana and the majority of them (9 of 11 isolates) belonged to clade (subtype) A which is now furiously epidemic in Africa. Another isolate (1 of 11) belonged to clade D, and the remaining one (1 of 11) belonged to "clade G". This "clade G" virus grouped by the env analysis belonged to clade A by its pol sequence, suggesting an A/G intersubtype recombinant. The characteristic sequences in the V3 tip which have not yet been reported were observed in these Ghanaian isolates, which should be taken into account for future vaccine programs.
PIP: The molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in Ghana was investigated through genomic and phylogenetic analysis of isolates from 11 AIDS or AIDS-related complex patients obtained in 1986-94. A phylogenetic tree constructed by analyzing the env region indicated that heterogeneous HIV-1 strains are circulating in Ghana. 9 of the isolates belonged to clade A, 1 to subtype D, and 1 to "clade G"--an A/G intersubtype recombinant. The V3 loops of all isolates were composed of 35 amino acid residues--a characteristic not previously described. These molecular data on the genetic variability of the envelope glycoprotein of HIV-1 should be useful for future vaccine studies in West Africa.
Assuntos
HIV-1/classificação , HIV-1/genética , Filogenia , Complexo Relacionado com a AIDS/epidemiologia , Complexo Relacionado com a AIDS/virologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/epidemiologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/virologia , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Sequência de Bases , Sequência Consenso , Primers do DNA/genética , Surtos de Doenças , Genes env , Genes pol , Gana/epidemiologia , Proteína gp120 do Envelope de HIV/genética , HIV-1/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Epidemiologia Molecular , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/genética , Recombinação Genética , Homologia de Sequência de AminoácidosRESUMO
A highly divergent HIV-2 designated as HIV-2[GH-2] was obtained from an AIDS-related complex (ARC) patient in Ghana. A full-length molecular clone of this isolate was obtained and a biologically active clone was constructed. Its restriction pattern differed from that of prototype HIV-2[GH-1] in 25 of 35 restriction sites, but was strikingly similar to a previously characterized HIV-2 isolate from a Ghanaian (HIV-2ALT). The conserved integrase region (288-bp fragment) previously displayed 95% identity with that of ALT but 17-20% divergence from the HIV-2 prototype member, and a new distinct subgroup (HIV-2b) of HIV-2 consisting of GH-2 and ALT was postulated (Miura et al. 1991.) These isolates, however, were biologically distinguishable from each other by its replication capacity in a monocyte line, U937, in which GH-2 could not grow but ALT grew well. In addition, the nucleotide sequence of the LTR of this new isolate displays 21% divergence from that of prototype HIV-2[GH-1], but the core enhancer, Sp1 binding sites and TATA box were conserved. Although the 3' half of the env gene sequence which is deleted in HIV-2ALT clone showed 27% diversity from the prototype, functional differences in the rev-responsive element were not observed.