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1.
J Nat Prod ; 2024 Jul 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38970504

RESUMO

The isolation, structure determination, and biological evaluation of constituents from the organic extract of Turraea delphinensis Wahlert (Meliaceae) resulted in the isolation of 51 secondary metabolites, including 14 new terpenoids (six cycloartanes, four tirucallanes/euphanes, three limonoids, and a 7-keto sterol). Among the new compounds, 1 is the first triterpenoid with a trioxaspiro[4.4]nonane side chain, while 11-13 are the first 17-γ-lactone tetranortriterpenoids with four oxygenated functional groups at C-1, -3, -6, and -7. The isolated compounds were evaluated for antiproliferative activity against five human tumor cell lines, including a vinblastine-resistant cell line.

2.
J Am Med Dir Assoc ; 25(8): 105054, 2024 Jun 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38843871

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to identify the most parsimonious combination of cognitive tests that accurately predicts the likelihood of passing an on-road driving evaluation in order to develop a screening measure that can be administered as an in-office test. DESIGN: This was a psychometric study of the new test's diagnostic accuracy. SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS: The study was conducted at the Florida Atlantic University's Memory Center and Clinical Research Unit, both easily accessible to older drivers. Participants were older drivers who received a driving evaluation at the Memory Center and agreed to have their results included in the Driving Repository and community-based older drivers who volunteered to participate. METHODS: Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE), Trail Making Tests A and B, Clock Test, Hopkins Verbal Learning Test, and Driving Health Inventory results were compared with an on-road driving evaluation to identify those tests that best predict the ability to pass the on-road evaluation. RESULTS: Altogether, 412 older drivers, 179 men and 233 women, were included in the analysis. Fifty-four percent of Driving Repository participants failed the on-road evaluation compared with 8% of the community sample. The highest correlation to the on-road evaluation was Trails B time in seconds r = -0.713 (P < .001). Variables with high multicollinearity and/or low correlation with the on-road evaluation were eliminated and sets of receiver operating characteristics curves were generated to assess the predictive accuracy of the remaining tests. A linear combination of Trails B in seconds and MMSE using the highest of the Serial 7s or WORLD spelled backward scores accounted for the highest area under the curve of 0.915. Finally, an algorithm was created to rapidly generate the prediction for an individual patient. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: The Fit2Drive algorithm demonstrated a strong 91.5% predictive accuracy. Usefulness in office-based patient consultations is promising but remains to be rigorously tested.

3.
Curr Opin Biotechnol ; 88: 103162, 2024 Jun 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38917764

RESUMO

In the following examples, the time frames and ultimate results are measured in years, not days or months. In particular, the application of genetic techniques to complex systems requires many investigators and a multitude of false leads. The areas chosen are all related to the identification and use of techniques from many scientific fields. Except for the necessity of describing the many years of work required to identify and then utilize the genetic information from yet uncultivated microbes, and identifying the true sources of the dolastatins, the rest of the examples are quite short with commentaries on most of the references given.

4.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38705500

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Lung transplant recipients are traditionally monitored with pulmonary function testing (PFT) and lung biopsy to detect post-transplant complications and guide treatment. Plasma donor-derived cell free DNA (dd-cfDNA) is a novel molecular approach of assessing allograft injury, including subclinical allograft dysfunction. The aim of this study was to determine if episodes of extreme molecular injury (EMI) in lung transplant recipients increases the risk of chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) or death. METHODS: This multicenter prospective cohort study included 238 lung transplant recipients. Serial plasma samples were collected for dd-cfDNA measurement by shotgun sequencing. EMI was defined as a dd-cfDNA above the third quartile of levels observed for acute rejection (dd-cfDNA level of ≥5% occurring after 45 days post-transplant). EMI was categorized as Secondary if associated with co-existing acute rejection, infection or PFT decline; or Primary if not associated with these conditions. RESULTS: EMI developed in 16% of patients at a median 343.5 (IQR: 177.3-535.5) days post-transplant. Over 50% of EMI episodes were classified as Primary. EMI was associated with an increased risk of severe CLAD or death (HR: 2.78, 95% CI: 1.26-6.22, p = 0.012). The risk remained consistent for the Primary EMI subgroup (HR: 2.34, 95% CI 1.18-4.85, p = 0.015). Time to first EMI episode was a significant predictor of the likelihood of developing CLAD or death (AUC=0.856, 95% CI=0.805-0.908, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Episodes of EMI in lung transplant recipients are often isolated and may not be detectable with traditional clinical monitoring approaches. EMI is associated with an increased risk of severe CLAD or death, independent of concomitant transplant complications.

5.
J Proteome Res ; 23(5): 1583-1592, 2024 May 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38651221

RESUMO

MD2 pineapple (Ananas comosus) is the second most important tropical crop that preserves crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), which has high water-use efficiency and is fast becoming the most consumed fresh fruit worldwide. Despite the significance of environmental efficiency and popularity, until very recently, its genome sequence has not been determined and a high-quality annotated proteome has not been available. Here, we have undertaken a pilot proteogenomic study, analyzing the proteome of MD2 pineapple leaves using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), which validates 1781 predicted proteins in the annotated F153 (V3) genome. In addition, a further 603 peptide identifications are found that map exclusively to an independent MD2 transcriptome-derived database but are not found in the standard F153 (V3) annotated proteome. Peptide identifications derived from these MD2 transcripts are also cross-referenced to a more recent and complete MD2 genome annotation, resulting in 402 nonoverlapping peptides, which in turn support 30 high-quality gene candidates novel to both pineapple genomes. Many of the validated F153 (V3) genes are also supported by an independent proteomics data set collected for an ornamental pineapple variety. The contigs and peptides have been mapped to the current F153 genome build and are available as bed files to display a custom gene track on the Ensembl Plants region viewer. These analyses add to the knowledge of experimentally validated pineapple genes and demonstrate the utility of transcript-derived proteomics to discover both novel genes and genetic structure in a plant genome, adding value to its annotation.


Assuntos
Ananas , Genoma de Planta , Proteínas de Plantas , Proteogenômica , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Ananas/genética , Ananas/química , Proteogenômica/métodos , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Cromatografia Líquida , Proteoma/genética , Proteoma/análise , Anotação de Sequência Molecular , Folhas de Planta/genética , Folhas de Planta/química , Peptídeos/genética , Peptídeos/análise , Peptídeos/química
6.
J Posit Psychol ; 19(1): 157-165, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38487080

RESUMO

A growing body of research has focused on distinguishing general forms of gratitude from gratitude to God. We contributed to this area of research by examining correlates of personality traits and meaning in life in a cross-sectional study (N = 1,398). General gratitude was more strongly positively related to honesty-humility, extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness, and meaning in life than gratitude to God. Moreover, gratitude to God moderated the positive relationship between general gratitude and meaning in life such that the relationship was stronger at lower than higher levels of gratitude to God. The results suggest that general forms of gratitude may be more important for well-being and positive traits than gratitude to God. General forms of gratitude may be particularly beneficial among less religious people, while gratitude to God may be particularly beneficial for people's well-being among those who are less grateful in general.

7.
Molecules ; 29(3)2024 Jan 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38338394

RESUMO

Eight vilasinin-class limonoids, including the unusually chlorinated rubescins K-M (1-3), the 2,3-epoxylated rubescin N (4), and rubescins O-R (5-8), were newly isolated from Trichilia rubescens. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined through spectroscopic and spectrometric analyses, as well as ECD calculations. The natural occurrence of chlorinated limonoids 1-3 was confirmed by chemical methods and HPLC analysis of a roughly fractionated portion of the plant extract. Eight selected limonoids, including previously known and new compounds, were evaluated for antiproliferative activity against five human tumor cell lines. All tested limonoids, except 8, exhibited significant potency, with IC50 values of <10 µM; in particular, limonoid 14 strongly inhibited tumor cell growth, with IC50 values of 0.54-2.06 µM against all tumor cell lines, including multi-drug-resistant cells.


Assuntos
Limoninas , Meliaceae , Humanos , Limoninas/química , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Meliaceae/química , Estrutura Molecular
8.
J Exp Psychol Gen ; 153(4): 1076-1092, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38358707

RESUMO

Paced breathing-longer exhalation than inhalation-can show short-term improvement of physiologic responses and affective well-being, though most studies have relied on narrow sample demographics, small samples, and control conditions that fail to address expectancy effects. We addressed these limitations through an app-based experiment where participants were randomly assigned to paced breathing or sham control (hand closure) conditions. We first validated the conditions in an online sample (N = 201; Study 1) and in a lab environment (N = 72; Study 2). In the primary app-based experiment, participants (N = 3,277; Study 3) completed 3 days of baseline assessments that included three check-ins each day in which we obtained heart rate and blood pressure responses using an optic sensor and assessed current stress and emotions. Participants were then randomly assigned to either the paced breathing or hand closure condition for the next 6 days. Relative to baseline days, both conditions were associated with increased positive emotions and perceived coping, and reduced blood pressure. Moreover, the increase in positive emotions and perceived coping was not evident among a comparison sample (N = 2,600) who completed check-ins but did not participate in either of the paced breathing or sham-control conditions. However, their blood pressure declined over time, suggesting that the continual monitoring of one's blood pressure may result in detectable decreases. Our results highlight the importance of designing experiments with appropriately matched control conditions and suggest that changes associated with techniques like paced breathing, in part, may stem from positive incidental features of the technique. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).


Assuntos
Respiração , Humanos , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia
9.
J Nat Prod ; 87(3): 629-637, 2024 Mar 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38364770

RESUMO

Diabetes type 2 (T2DM) is the non-insulin-linked disease that is now becoming a major problem not only in the West but also in Asia (particularly in China and close geographic areas). Unlike the childhood onset diabetic disease (T1DM), which is effectively due to lack of insulin production and is maintained by insulin injection, T2DM is best thought of as an adult disease often being caused by what is now considered "metabolic syndrome" or the culmination of too many insults to the body, in particular obesity and its "coupled diseases" including heart problems. Its symptoms were described in ancient times not only in Europe but also in Asia and with later (1600s) anecdotal reports from South America. In all cases, the diagnostic was "sweet urine" due to the excretion of large amounts of glucose in the urine. This review covers the non-insulin agents approved from 1990 to 2021 from a historical aspect and discussions of the latest agents and can be considered an extension of the author's previous drug source reviews, but this time concentrating on nominally one disease entity, though metabolic syndrome is a collection of ailments.


Assuntos
Produtos Biológicos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Adulto , Humanos , Criança , Insulina/metabolismo , Produtos Biológicos/farmacologia , Produtos Biológicos/uso terapêutico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Glucose , Obesidade
10.
J Nat Prod ; 87(2): 266-275, 2024 02 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38251859

RESUMO

Four cytotoxic heptacyclic caged-xanthones [gambogefic acids B-E (1-4)], a cytotoxic hexacyclic caged-xanthone [garcilatelic acid (5)], and four biphenyl derivatives [garcilatelibiphenyls A-D (6-9)] were newly isolated in a phytochemical study of a 50% MeOH/CH2Cl2 extract of Garcinia lateriflora (Clusiaceae). The isolated compounds were evaluated for antiproliferative activity against five human tumor cell lines including a vincristine-resistant line. The new caged-xanthones displayed potent activity with IC50 values from 0.5 to 6.7 µM against all tested tumor cell lines.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos , Garcinia , Xantonas , Humanos , Compostos de Bifenilo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Xantonas/farmacologia , Estrutura Molecular , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia
11.
J Sci Med Sport ; 27(1): 25-29, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37953165

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Explore whether injury profiles and mechanisms differ between red (First-Class multi-day) ball cricket and white (One-Day and Twenty20 limited over) ball cricket in elite men's domestic cricket from 2010 to 2019. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort analysis. METHODS: Injury incidence calculated according to the updated international consensus statement on injury surveillance in cricket, along with seasonal days lost and injury severity descriptive statistics. RESULTS: Across both cricket types, bowling resulted in the most seasonal days lost (mean 1942, 95 % confidence interval: 1799-2096) and highest mean injury severity (30 days, 95 % confidence interval: 28-33), with the lumbar spine the body region with the most seasonal days lost (mean 432 seasonal days; 95 % confidence interval: 355-525) from bowling. Injury incidence was higher in white ball compared to red ball cricket (per unit of time), with bowling (and its various phases) the most frequently occurring mechanism in both cricket types (white ball: 67.0 injuries per 1000 days of play [95 % confidence interval: 59.6-75.3]; red ball: 32.4 injuries per 1000 days of play [95 % confidence interval: 29.1-36.1]). When bowling, the abdomen and thigh were the body regions most injured from white (13.4 injuries per 1000 days of play [95 % confidence interval: 10.3-17.4]), and red ball (6.4 injuries per 1000 days of play [95 % confidence interval: 5.0-8.2]) cricket respectively. Overall, clear differences emerged in the nature and mechanism of injuries between red ball cricket and white ball cricket. CONCLUSIONS: Bowling presents the highest injury risk (across both cricket types), as well as highlighting the increased risk of injuries from diving during fielding and running between the wickets when batting, in shorter white ball cricket.


Assuntos
Traumatismos em Atletas , Críquete , Gryllidae , Corrida , Masculino , Animais , Humanos , Traumatismos em Atletas/epidemiologia , Traumatismos em Atletas/etiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos
12.
Arch Clin Neuropsychol ; 39(4): 464-481, 2024 May 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38123477

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties and diagnostic accuracy of the 32-item version of the Multilingual Naming Test (MINT) in participants from 2 ethnic groups (European Americans [EA; n = 106] and Hispanic Americans [HA; n = 175]) with 3 diagnostic groups (cognitively normal [CN], n = 94, mild cognitive impairment [MCI], n = 148, and dementia, n = 39). METHOD: An Item Response Theory model was used to evaluate items across ethnicity and language groups (Spanish and English), resulting in a 24-item version. We analyzed the MINT discriminant and predictive validity across diagnostic groups. RESULTS: A total of 8 items were differentially difficult between languages in the 32-item version of the MINT. EA scored significantly higher than HA, but the difference was not significant when removing those 8 items (controlling for Education). The Receiver Operating Characteristics showed that the MINT had poor accuracy when identifying CN participants and was acceptable in identifying dementia participants but unacceptable in classifying MCI participants. Finally, we tested the association between MINT scores and magnetic resonance imaging volumetric measures of language-related areas in the temporal and frontal lobes. The 32-item MINT in English and Spanish and the 24-item MINT in Spanish were significantly correlated with the bilateral middle temporal gyrus. The left fusiform gyrus correlated with MINT scores regardless of language and MINT version. We also found differential correlations depending on the language of administration. CONCLUSIONS: Our results highlight the importance of analyzing cross-cultural samples when implementing clinical neuropsychological tests such as the MINT.


Assuntos
Disfunção Cognitiva , Comparação Transcultural , Demência , Multilinguismo , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Psicometria , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Testes Neuropsicológicos/normas , Testes Neuropsicológicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Disfunção Cognitiva/diagnóstico , Disfunção Cognitiva/etnologia , Psicometria/normas , Psicometria/instrumentação , Demência/diagnóstico , Demência/etnologia , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Hispânico ou Latino , População Branca , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/normas , Curva ROC , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
13.
BMC Geriatr ; 23(1): 854, 2023 12 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38097931

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Driving is a complex behavior that may be affected by early changes in the cognition of older individuals. Early changes in driving behavior may include driving more slowly, making fewer and shorter trips, and errors related to inadequate anticipation of situations. Sensor systems installed in older drivers' vehicles may detect these changes and may generate early warnings of possible changes in cognition. METHOD: A naturalistic longitudinal design is employed to obtain continuous information on driving behavior that will be compared with the results of extensive cognitive testing conducted every 3 months for 3 years. A driver facing camera, forward facing camera, and telematics unit are installed in the vehicle and data downloaded every 3 months when the cognitive tests are administered. RESULTS: Data processing and analysis will proceed through a series of steps including data normalization, adding information on external factors (weather, traffic conditions), and identifying critical features (variables). Traditional prediction modeling results will be compared with Recurring Neural Network (RNN) approach to produce Driver Behavior Indices (DBIs), and algorithms to classify drivers within age, gender, ethnic group membership, and other potential group characteristics. CONCLUSION: It is well established that individuals with progressive dementias are eventually unable to drive safely, yet many remain unaware of their cognitive decrements. Current screening and evaluation services can test only a small number of individuals with cognitive concerns, missing many who need to know if they require treatment. Given the increasing number of sensors being installed in passenger vehicles and pick-up trucks and their increasing acceptability, reconfigured in-vehicle sensing systems could provide widespread, low-cost early warnings of cognitive decline to the large number of older drivers on the road in the U.S. The proposed testing and evaluation of a readily and rapidly available, unobtrusive in-vehicle sensing system could provide the first step toward future widespread, low-cost early warnings of cognitive change for this large number of older drivers in the U.S. and elsewhere.


Assuntos
Condução de Veículo , Disfunção Cognitiva , Humanos , Idoso , Condução de Veículo/psicologia , Cognição , Disfunção Cognitiva/diagnóstico , Disfunção Cognitiva/epidemiologia , Acidentes de Trânsito/prevenção & controle
14.
Cureus ; 15(9): e44912, 2023 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37814768

RESUMO

Anterior cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome (ACNES) is a common source of chronic abdominal pain and is often underdiagnosed despite numerous and potentially invasive diagnostic evaluations and tests. We present a case report describing a novel, conservative, and non-invasive approach to diagnose and treat recurrent ACNES in a young and active patient. We describe a treatment-based diagnostic approach to confirm potential ACNES pain generators while recording pre- and post-treatment pain scores. After each maneuver, the patient was reassessed which allowed the working diagnosis to clinically evolve demonstrating the pathologic interrelationship between different skeletal structures and myofascial tissues contributing to irritation of the anterior cutaneous nerve. This treatment-based technique also made it possible to identify referred pain from a condition with overlapping symptoms originating from a different anatomic site. Treatment consisted of sequenced osteopathic manipulation techniques, active release techniques, instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization, directional cupping, stretching, and strengthening exercises. The combination of sequenced treatments over the course of six physical therapy visits spanning 10 weeks resulted in 100% pain reduction and complete resolution of functional limitations. The patient was able to complete all work requirements and physical activity without pain. A sequenced treatment-based diagnostic approach to this case allowed us to more accurately identify all involved anatomic regions of pain and anatomic segments of pathology that were contributing to the abdominal pain or referring pain. No diagnostic imaging, invasive test, or injection was needed to properly diagnose and treat this case of ACNES. A proper understanding and application of osteopathic manipulation, active release techniques, instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization, cupping, and exercises successfully resolved the contributing pain conditions and provided the patient important and useful tools and strategies to prevent recurrence.

15.
Aerosp Med Hum Perform ; 94(9): 686-695, 2023 Sep 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37587629

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: In response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), travelers are typically subject to quarantine, which is often associated with poorer mental health (MH). While the protective benefits of community-based exercise are widely recognized, the degree to which this extends to the confined setting is unknown. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effect of exercise on MH in isolating or quarantining adults.METHODS: A literature search of Ovid MEDLINE, APA PsycInfo, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews limited to January 2019-September 2021 inclusive yielded five eligible studies.RESULTS: Data comprised a total of 2755 college and university students, most of whom were confined. Depending on the scale used, 24.9-76.7% of respondents demonstrated impaired MH, which improved with physical activity (PA), especially when regular and moderate or vigorous. The frequency, duration, and participants of exercise increased as lockdown progressed. One study showed that while sleep, diet, and PA all have an impact on MH, PA was the factor most strongly correlated with MH.DISCUSSION: Physical fitness should be optimized before and maintained during quarantine while exercise space and equipment should be accessible. Importantly, the sustainability of persistent quarantine must be considered given the pervasiveness of COVID-19.Chu V, Newman DG. Exercise effect on mental health in isolating or quarantining adults. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2023; 94(9):686-695.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Saúde Mental , Adulto , Humanos , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Exercício Físico , Quarentena
16.
Front Digit Health ; 5: 1193467, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37588022

RESUMO

Introduction: The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic has created substantial health and economic burdens in the US and worldwide. As new variants continuously emerge, predicting critical clinical events in the context of relevant individual risks is a promising option for reducing the overall burden of COVID-19. This study aims to train an AI-driven decision support system that helps build a model to understand the most important features that predict the "mortality" of patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of "5,371" patients hospitalized for COVID-19-related symptoms from the South Florida Memorial Health Care System between March 14th, 2020, and January 16th, 2021. A data set comprising patients' sociodemographic characteristics, pre-existing health information, and medication was analyzed. We trained Random Forest classifier to predict "mortality" for patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Results: Based on the interpretability of the model, age emerged as the primary predictor of "mortality", followed by diarrhea, diabetes, hypertension, BMI, early stages of kidney disease, smoking status, sex, pneumonia, and race in descending order of importance. Notably, individuals aged over 65 years (referred to as "older adults"), males, Whites, Hispanics, and current smokers were identified as being at higher risk of death. Additionally, BMI, specifically in the overweight and obese categories, significantly predicted "mortality". These findings indicated that the model effectively learned from various categories, such as patients' sociodemographic characteristics, pre-hospital comorbidities, and medications, with a predominant focus on characterizing pre-hospital comorbidities. Consequently, the model demonstrated the ability to predict "mortality" with transparency and reliability. Conclusion: AI can potentially provide healthcare workers with the ability to stratify patients and streamline optimal care solutions when time is of the essence and resources are limited. This work sets the platform for future work that forecasts patient responses to treatments at various levels of disease severity and assesses health disparities and patient conditions that promote improved health care in a broader context. This study contributed to one of the first predictive analyses applying AI/ML techniques to COVID-19 data using a vast sample from South Florida.

17.
Metabolites ; 13(5)2023 May 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37233683

RESUMO

Aneuploidy, or having a disrupted genome, is an aberration commonly found in tumours but rare in normal tissues. It gives rise to proteotoxic stress as well as a stereotypical oxidative shift, which makes these cells sensitive to internal and environmental stresses. Using Drosophila as a model, we investigated the changes in transcription in response to ongoing changes to ploidy (chromosomal instability, CIN). We noticed changes in genes affecting one-carbon metabolism, specifically those affecting the production and use of s-adenosyl methionine (SAM). The depletion of several of these genes has led to cell death by apoptosis in CIN cells but not in normal proliferating cells. We found that CIN cells are particularly sensitive to SAM metabolism at least partly because of its role in generating polyamines. Feeding animals spermine was seen to rescue the cell death caused by the loss of SAM synthase in CIN tissues. The loss of polyamines led to decreased rates of autophagy and sensitivity to reactive oxygen species (ROS), which we have shown to contribute significantly to cell death in CIN cells. These findings suggest that a well-tolerated metabolic intervention such as polyamine inhibition has the potential to target CIN tumours via a relatively well-characterised mechanism.

18.
Dementia (London) ; 22(6): 1241-1258, 2023 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37211791

RESUMO

The prevalence of dementia is growing as the population and longevity increase. Caregivers of adults with dementia report stress and fatigue and often neglect their health. They also indicate the need for information to address health-related issues, including nutritional problems, of their family members with dementia (FMWD). This study examined the impact of coaching to improve family caregiver (FCG) stress and well-being and to increase the protein intake of both FCGs and their FMWD. All participants received nutrition education including a protein prescription (1.2 g/kg body weight/day) and FCGs received stress-reduction materials. Coached-group randomized participants also received weekly diet coaching and stress-reduction coaching. At baseline and 8 weeks, anthropometrics, a mini-nutritional assessment questionnaire, and diet (protein intake) were assessed in FCGs and FMWD; well-being, fatigue and strain were assessed in FCGs. Repeated two words measures analysis of variance and Fisher's exact tests examined within group and intervention effects. Twenty-five FCGs (13 coached group, 12 not-coached group) and 23 FMWD (12 coached group, 11 not-coached group) completed the study. No significant differences were found between coached and not-coached FCGs and FMWD at baseline. After 8- weeks, FCGs' protein intake significantly increased from 1.00 ± 0.17 to 1.35 ± 0.23 g/kg/body weight in the coached group and from 0.91 ± 0.19 to 1.01 ± 0.33 g/kg/body weight in the not-coached group; there was also an intervention effect (p=.01, η2 = .24). The percentage of FCGs with baseline protein intake less than prescription guidelines and with an end-of-study protein intake meeting/exceeding the prescription significantly differed, with 60% of coached FCGs versus 10% of not coached FCGs meeting the prescription. No intervention effects were shown for protein intake in FMWD or for well-being, fatigue or strain among FCGs. Diet coaching with nutrition education successfully assisted FCGs with improving their protein intake versus nutrition education alone.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Demência , Tutoria , Telemedicina , Adulto , Humanos , Peso Corporal , Cuidadores/educação , Proteínas Alimentares , Família , Fadiga
19.
Fam Pract Manag ; 30(3): 5-9, 2023 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37159008
20.
Proc Future Technol Conf Vol 2 (2022) ; 560(V2): 776-796, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36972186

RESUMO

Drowsy drivers cause the most car accidents thus, adopting an efficient drowsiness detection system can alert the driver promptly and precisely which will reduce the numbers of accidents and also save a lot of money. This paper discusses many tactics and methods for drowsy driving warning. The non-intrusive nature of most of the strategies mentioned and contrasted means both vehicular and behavioural techniques are examined here. Thus, the latest strategies are studied and discussed for both groups, together with their benefits and drawbacks. The goal of this review was to identify a practical and low-cost approach for analysing elder drivers' behaviour.

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