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2.
Sci Rep ; 12(1): 2893, 2022 02 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35190594

RESUMO

Polarisation-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) offers a novel, non-invasive method of assessing skin fibrosis in the multisystem disease systemic sclerosis (SSc) by measuring collagen retardance. This study aimed to assess retardance as a biomarker in SSc. Thirty-one patients with SSc and 27 healthy controls (HC) underwent PS-OCT imaging. 'Skin score' was assessed by clinical palpation (0-3 scale). A subset of ten patients and ten age/sex-matched HC had a biopsy and longitudinal imaging. Histological assessment included quantification of epidermal thickness, collagen content (to assess fibrosis) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity (in situ zymography). PS-OCT images were assessed for epidermal thickness (structure) and fibrosis (retardance). Positive correlation was observed between epidermal thickness as measured by histology and structural PS-OCT (r = 0.79; p < 0.001). Retardance was: HC mean 0.21 (SD 0.21) radian/pixel; SSc skin score 0, 0.30 (0.19); skin score 1, 0.11 (0.16); skin score 2, 0.06 (0.12); skin score 3, 0.36 (0.35). Longitudinal retardance decreased at one-week across groups, increasing at one-month for HC/skin score 0-1; HC biopsy site retardance suggests scarring is akin to fibrosis. Relationships identified between retardance with both biopsy and skin score data indicate that retardance warrants further investigation as a suitable biomarker for SSc-related fibrosis.


Assuntos
Escleroderma Sistêmico/diagnóstico por imagem , Pele/diagnóstico por imagem , Pele/patologia , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica/métodos , Adulto , Idoso , Biomarcadores , Colágeno/metabolismo , Feminino , Fibrose , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Escleroderma Sistêmico/patologia , Pele/metabolismo , Fatores de Tempo
3.
Int J Cosmet Sci ; 43(1): 48-56, 2021 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33038017

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: As a result of their complex aetiology and periodicity, dark circles are difficult to characterize and measure, with current assessment techniques relying on specialist equipment, image analysis or proprietary grading scales. There is therefore a need to develop and validate a photonumeric scale for assessing infraorbital dark circles, which can provide an objective and consumer relevant tool for evaluating this condition and the efficacy of treatment products and procedures. METHODS: A panel of expert clinical evaluators reviewed approximately three thousand facial photographs collected over a 5-year period and selected images representing a dynamic range of dark circles. A 10-point photonumeric scale was created, with corresponding descriptors and images for each grade of the scale. To rigorously validate the scale, linearity, sensitivity and precision were assessed by colorimetry and in-clinic evaluation. Reproducibility was assessed photographically with both experienced and inexperienced clinical evaluators, whereas intragrader repeatability was assessed live in-clinic. The scale was then employed in a split-face randomized clinical trial on 58 subjects to evaluate the efficacy of a cosmetic treatment product over 8 weeks. RESULTS: Colour analysis of the images showed the scale was linear, with statistically significant correlations observed when colour data (CIElab; Individual Typology Angle) were plotted against the corresponding grades (r > 0.9, P < 0.001). Colour difference (Delta E) was calculated between the infraorbital zone and the surrounding skin, and when data were plotted against the grades, a statistically significant correlation was observed (r = 0.99, P < 0.01). The magnitude of the Delta E suggested that changes in grade are visibly perceptible to the human eye, and therefore, the scale is sensitive and clinically relevant. Intergrader reproducibility showed strong correlation (0.96) and >90% agreement between experienced evaluators, whereas intragrader repeatability assessment showed >90% perfect agreement between grades. Use of this scale in a clinical trial demonstrated the efficacy of a cosmetic product, with a mean statistically significant (P < 0.001) decrease in grade of 0.74 compared to baseline, and 0.59 versus the untreated control, after 8 weeks of treatment. CONCLUSION: Our photonumeric scale for infraorbital dark circles is sensitive and robust and provides an objective and easy-to-use tool to evaluate dark circles and their treatment.


OBJECTIF: En raison de leur étiologie et de leur périodicité complexes, les cernes sont difficiles à caractériser et à mesurer, les techniques d'évaluation actuelles reposant sur des équipements spécialisés, l'analyse d'images ou des échelles de notation exclusives. Il est donc nécessaire de développer et de valider une échelle photonumérique pour évaluer les cernes infraorbitaires, laquelle peut fournir un outil objectif et pertinent pour le consommateur et tester l'efficacité des produits et des procédures de traitement. MÉTHODES: Un panel d'évaluateurs cliniques experts a examiné environ trois mille photographies du visage recueillies sur une période de 5 ans, ainsi que des images sélectionnées représentant une plage dynamique de cernes. Une échelle photonumérique à 10 points a été créée, avec des descripteurs et des images correspondants à chaque grade de l'échelle. Afin de valider rigoureusement l'échelle, la linéarité, la sensibilité et la précision ont été évaluées par colorimétrie et en clinique. La reproductibilité a été évaluée sur le plan photographique par des évaluateurs cliniques expérimentés et inexpérimentés, tandis que la répétabilité intragrade a été évaluée en direct en clinique. L'échelle a ensuite été utilisée dans un essai clinique randomisé à deux parties sur 58 sujets, afin d'évaluer l'efficacité d'un produit de traitement cosmétique sur 8 semaines. RÉSULTATS: L'analyse des couleurs des images a montré que l'échelle était linéaire, avec des corrélations statistiquement significatives observées lorsque les données de couleurs (CIElab ; angle de typologie individuel) ont été tracées par rapport aux grades correspondants (r > 0,9, P < 0,001). La différence de couleur (Delta E) a été calculée entre la zone infraorbitaire et la peau environnante, et lorsque les données ont été tracées par rapport aux grades, une corrélation statistiquement significative a été observée (r = 0,99, P < 0,01). L'ampleur du delta E a suggéré que les changements de grade sont visiblement perceptibles à l'œil humain, l'échelle étant par conséquent sensible et cliniquement pertinente. La reproductibilité intergrade a montré une forte corrélation (0,96) et une concordance > 90 % entre les évaluateurs expérimentés, tandis que l'évaluation de la répétabilité intragrade a montré une concordance parfaite > 90 % entre les grades. L'utilisation de cette échelle lors d'un essai clinique a démontré l'efficacité d'un produit cosmétique, avec une diminution moyenne statistiquement significative (P < 0,001) du grade de 0,74 par rapport à la référence, et de 0,59 par rapport au témoin non traité, après 8 semaines de traitement. CONCLUSION: Notre échelle photonumérique pour les cernes infraorbitaires est sensible et robuste, fournissant un outil objectif et facile à utiliser afin d'évaluer les cernes et leur traitement.


Assuntos
Cosméticos , Face , Órbita , Pigmentação da Pele , Humanos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes
4.
Int J Cosmet Sci ; 41(2): 118-131, 2019 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30661253

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: With increasing age, skin is subject to alterations in its organization, which impact on its function as well as having clinical consequences. Proteomics is a useful tool for non-targeted, semi-quantitative simultaneous investigation of high numbers of proteins. In the current study, we utilize proteomics to characterize and contrast age-associated differences in photoexposed and photoprotected skin, with a focus on the epidermis, dermal-epidermal junction and papillary dermis. METHODS: Skin biopsies from buttock (photoprotected) and forearm (photoexposed) of healthy volunteers (aged 18-30 or ≥65 years) were transversely sectioned from the stratum corneum to a depth of 250 µm. Following SDS-PAGE, each sample lane was segmented prior to analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry. Pathway analysis was carried out using Ingenuity IPA. RESULTS: Comparison of skin proteomes at buttock and forearm sites revealed differences in relative protein abundance. Ageing in skin on the photoexposed forearm resulted in 80% of the altered proteins being increased with age, in contrast to the photoprotected buttock where 74% of altered proteins with age were reduced. Functionally, age-altered proteins in the photoexposed forearm were associated with conferring structure, energy and metabolism. In the photoprotected buttock, proteins associated with gene expression, free-radical scavenging, protein synthesis and protein degradation were most frequently altered. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the necessity of not considering photoageing as an accelerated intrinsic ageing, but as a distinct physiological process.


OBJECTIF: Avec l'âge, la peau est sujette à des altérations dans son organisation, et outre le fait d'avoir des conséquences cliniques cela a un impact sur sa fonction. La protéomique est un outil utile pour l'évaluation non ciblée, semi-quantitative, simultanée d'un nombre élevé de protéines. Dans cette étude, nous utilisons la protéomique pour caractériser et comparer les différences associées à l'âge entre une peau photoexposée et une peau photoprotégée, avec une attention particulière sur l'épiderme, la jonction dermo-épidermique et le derme papillaire. MÉTHODES: Des biopsies de peau de la fesse (photoprotégée) et de l'avant-bras (photoexposée) de volontaires sains (âgés de 18 à 30 ans ou de ≥ 65 ans) ont été sectionnées transversalement depuis la couche cornée jusqu'à une profondeur de 250 µm. Suite à une électrophorèse SDS-PAGE, chaque échantillon a été segmenté avant l'analyse par chromatographie en phase liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse/spectrométrie de masse. Une analyse des voies de signalisation a été réalisée à l'aide d'Ingenuity IPA. RÉSULTATS: La comparaison des protéomes de la peau des sites des fesses et de l'avant-bras a révélé des différences dans l'abondance relative de protéines. Le vieillissement de la peau de l'avant-bras photoexposée montre une augmentation de 80% des protéines altérées avec l'âge, contrairement à la peau des fesses photoprotégée où une réduction de 74 % des protéines altérées avec l'âge a été mesurée. Sur le plan de la fonction, les protéines altérées par l'âge dans la peau de l'avant-bras photoexposée étaient associées à une structure, une énergie et un métabolisme. Dans la peau des fesses photoprotégée, les protéines associées à l'expression génique, la neutralisation des radicaux-libres, la synthèse des protéines et la dégradation des protéines étaient le plus fréquemment altérés. CONCLUSION: Cette étude souligne la nécessité de ne pas considérer le photovieillissement comme un vieillissement accéléré intrinsèque, mais comme un processus physiologique distinct.


Assuntos
Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Proteômica , Envelhecimento da Pele , Pele/efeitos da radiação , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pele/metabolismo , Adulto Jovem
5.
Skin Res Technol ; 23(2): 131-148, 2017 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27502896

RESUMO

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ) forms epidermal protrusions down into the dermis (rete ridges) and dermal projections up into the epidermis (dermal papillae). Usually visualized in two-dimensions (2D), our knowledge of how the DEJ changes with ageing is limited. We aimed to characterize how this structure exists in 3D and changes with age. METHODS: Photoprotected and photoexposed skin were imaged using reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) in young and aged individuals. Biopsies of the imaged areas were processed for histological sectioning and for imaging using micro-computed X-ray tomography (microCT). RESULTS: Images obtained from RCM and microCT were used to 3D reconstruct the DEJ. DEJ heights obtained from microCT images showed strong correlation with histology-measured heights. We proposed a novel definition of rete ridges (RRm ) and dermal papillae (DPm ), which allowed easier automated measurement of reduced DPm and RRm volumes in aged skin from microCT reconstructions. An algorithm to map DPm connectivity showed reduced lengths of DPm branches with age. CONCLUSION: Three-dimensional images illustrated the complex topography of the DEJ and highlighted the distinct morphology of dermal papillae compared with rete ridges, which is not evident when evaluating 2D sections. Ex vivo imaging was more successful in differentiating DEJ architecture with respect to age.


Assuntos
Envelhecimento/patologia , Derme/citologia , Células Epidérmicas , Imageamento Tridimensional/métodos , Envelhecimento da Pele/patologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Derme/diagnóstico por imagem , Derme/fisiologia , Epiderme/diagnóstico por imagem , Epiderme/fisiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Microscopia Confocal/métodos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Adulto Jovem
6.
G Ital Dermatol Venereol ; 150(6): 665-74, 2015 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26349926

RESUMO

Skin is a multifunctional organ but, alongside every other organ system, is subject to both intrinsic (chronological) and extrinsic (environmental) aging, resulting in a loss of functional capacity. Cutaneous aging manifests as an observable change in the external appearance of the skin, the major accelerator of the aging process being our interactions with our environment, such as chronic exposure to solar irradiation (UV, IR or visible wavelengths of light). The aim of this contribution, therefore, was to provide a review of the pathological mechanisms which may play roles in the development of extrinsic, mainly photo-, aging and to review how these molecular changes impact on the structure of the organ as a whole, resulting in loss of function. Finally, we will describe the advances which are occurring in imaging techniques which may allow further characterisation of aged skin.


Assuntos
Dermatologia/métodos , Diagnóstico por Imagem/tendências , Envelhecimento da Pele , Diagnóstico por Imagem/métodos , Tecido Elástico/patologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos da radiação , Humanos , Imageamento Tridimensional , Microscopia de Força Atômica , Microscopia Confocal , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos da radiação , Pele/diagnóstico por imagem , Pele/metabolismo , Pele/patologia , Pele/efeitos da radiação , Envelhecimento da Pele/patologia , Envelhecimento da Pele/fisiologia , Envelhecimento da Pele/efeitos da radiação , Pigmentação da Pele/efeitos da radiação , Manejo de Espécimes , Coloração e Rotulagem/métodos , Luz Solar/efeitos adversos , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica , Ultrassonografia , Microtomografia por Raio-X
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