[Recommendations for the diagnostic and therapy of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD)].

INTRODUCTION: The «Recommendations for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD)¼ were developed in parallel with the Swiss National Dementia Strategy 2014-2019 under the auspices of the Swiss Society for Geriatric Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (SGAP) and mark the beginning of a series of recommendations for geriatric psychiatric disorders. They depict the evidence-based state of knowledge about diagnostics and therapy, based on the clinical experience of the experts, and are designed for interprofessional and interdisciplinary use. The non-pharmacological intervention options and pharmacotherapy are discussed in detail. This paper is the revised version of the 2014 publication and compiles the development in this area for everyday clinical practice.

[Physical Activity and Mental Health in the Elderly]. / Körperliche Aktivität und psychische Gesundheit: Fokus Alter.

Physical Activity and Mental Health in the Elderly Abstract. The aging process is closely linked to physiological changes. These physiological changes may lead to an increased vulnerability for developing somatic and mental disorders. Reduced physical activity/sedentary behaviour can enhance this process. In contrast, physical training and sports counteract this process, in particular in the elderly, who may thus gain or maintain a younger biological age. Physical fitness is associated with better mental health in the elderly. Sports and physical activity over the course of life have shown to be of preventive value concerning the development of depression and dementia in old age. Also late-life depression and cognitive impairment (MCI, mild cognitive impairment) can be improved by regular, continuous physical exercise. Some data furthermore suggest that even patients with dementia benefit from physical exercise, especially on behalf of the behavioural and psychic symptoms of dementia (BPSD).

Fluorescence-guided bladder tumour resection: impact on survival after radical cystectomy.

PURPOSE: To investigate whether photodynamic diagnosis (PDD)-guided bladder tumour resection (TUR-BT) is of prognostic value in patients undergoing subsequent radical cystectomy (RC) for bladder cancer (BC). METHODS: In 224 consecutive patients who underwent RC and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy for BC between 2002 and 2010 (median follow-up 29 months [IQR 8-59]), we retrospectively investigated whether patients had previously undergone PDD-guided (hexaminolevulinate [HAL] vs. 5-aminolevulinate [ALA]) versus white light (WL)-TUR-BT. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate recurrence-free survival (RFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) using log-rank and Cox regression model for uni- and multivariable analysis. RESULTS: Of the 224 patients, 66 (29.5 %) underwent HAL-, 23 (10.3 %) ALA- and 135 (60.2 %) WL-TUR-BT before RC. The 3-year RFS/CSS/OS was 77.8/83.9/74.0 % for HAL-, 53.6/74.5/60.9 % for ALA- and 52.4/59.7/56.5 % for WL-TUR-BT (p = 0.002/0.023/0.037 for HAL vs. WL/ALA). PDD-TUR-BT was associated with a higher number of TUR-BTs before RC (p < 0.001) and re-resections (p = 0.015), a longer time between the first TUR-BT and RC (p = 0.044) and a lower rate of post-operative systemic chemotherapy (p = 0.001). In multivariable analysis, performance of HAL-TUR-BT, pathologic tumour and nodal stage as well as soft tissue surgical margin status were independent predictors for RFS, CSS and OS. CONCLUSIONS: This series indicates for the first time that HAL-guided TUR-BT is an independent predictor for improved survival after RC.

Impact of preoperative anemia on oncologic outcomes of upper tract urothelial carcinoma treated with radical nephroureterectomy.

PURPOSE: We evaluated the impact of preoperative anemia on oncologic outcomes in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma treated with radical nephroureterectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 282 patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma underwent radical nephroureterectomy. Preoperatively measured hemoglobin values were stratified into normal and anemia based on the WHO classification of 13 gm/dl or less and 12 or less considered anemia in males and females, respectively. We performed sensitivity analysis based on contemporary anemia classifications adjusted for the impact of age, gender and race with anemia considered a hemoglobin value of 13.7 gm/dl or less and 13.2 or less in white males younger than 60 and 60 years old or older, respectively, and 12.2 gm/dl or less in white females of all ages. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses were done to assess the effects of anemia on oncologic outcomes. RESULTS: Median preoperative hemoglobin was 13.2 gm/dl (IQR 11.7, 14.3). A total of 112 patients (39.7%) were anemic by the WHO classification vs 129 (45.7%) by the contemporary classification. Anemia was associated with lymph node metastasis, lymphovascular invasion, sessile tumor architecture, tumor necrosis, advanced age and a higher ECOG (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group) performance score using the WHO and/or the contemporary definition (p ≤0.044). At a median 30-month followup anemia was associated with decreased recurrence-free (p ≤0.008) and cancer specific (p <0.001) survival on Kaplan-Meier analyses. On multivariable analysis adjusted for standard clinicopathological factors anemia remained an independent predictor of disease recurrence (HR 1.76, 95% CI 1.17-2.63 and 1.89, 95% CI 1.26-2.86) and cancer specific mortality (HR 1.88, 95% CI 1.15-3.08 and 2.04, 95% CI 1.21-3.45) by the WHO and contemporary classifications, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative anemia is an independent predictor of disease recurrence and cancer specific mortality. It is associated with aggressive tumor features in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma treated with radical nephroureterectomy. Hemoglobin is a promising marker for patient counseling and risk stratification for additional treatment decision making.