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1.
J Public Health Manag Pract ; 30(2): 213-220, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38271103

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) for pregnant women with hepatitis B virus (HBV) presenting with HBV DNA levels of 106 copies/mL or more to hinder mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). Moreover, it is suggested that neonates of HBV-infected mothers receive an HBV vaccine birth dose within 24 hours of birth to mitigate transmission risk. METHODOLOGY: The study included 661 HBV-infected pregnant women and 316 infants from 3 hospitals in Southern Vietnam between October 2019 and November 2020. Infants were classified on the basis of their mothers' TDF prophylaxis into I-TDF (+) group (107 infants) whose mothers received TDF; I-TDF (-) group (56 infants) whose mothers missed TDF; and I-NTDF group (153 infants) whose mothers did not necessitate TDF. Almost all infants received an HBV vaccine birth dose with HBIG administered on the basis of parents' financial standing. RESULTS: MTCT was found in 2.2% of the cases. The respective MTCT rates for I-TDF (+), I-TDF (-), and I-NTDF groups were 2.8%, 5.4%, and 0.7%. Immune response rates to the HBV vaccination in the total cohort, I-TDF (+), I-TDF (-), and I-NTDF groups, were 88.6%, 87.9%, 85.7%, and 90.2%, respectively. Vaccinated infants exhibited a statistically lower risk of HBV infection postbirth (aRR = 0.1; 95% confidence interval, 0.0-0.6; P = .01). CONCLUSION: TDF can equate the MTCT risk in pregnant women with HBV DNA levels of 106 copies/mL or more to those with lower levels. Early administration of the HBV vaccine postbirth also effectively curtails MTCT. Thus, expanding TDF prophylaxis and vaccine coverage is pivotal to impede MTCT.


Assuntos
Hepatite B , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez , Vacinas , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Feminino , Gravidez , Humanos , Vírus da Hepatite B , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas/prevenção & controle , DNA Viral/uso terapêutico , Vietnã/epidemiologia , Carga Viral , Hepatite B/prevenção & controle , Tenofovir/uso terapêutico , Vacinas/uso terapêutico
2.
J Infect Dev Ctries ; 17(10): 1489-1492, 2023 10 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37956384

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Using tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is recommended in the 3rd trimester for pregnant women with HBV DNA ≥ 200,000 IU/mL to prevent mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of hepatitis B virus (HBV). However, HBV DNA quantification is unavailable in many resource-limited areas worldwide, hence prophylaxis is often missed. The aim of this study was to determine whether HBeAg or qHBsAg is a better alternative to HBV DNA testing in HBV-infected pregnant women. METHODOLOGY: In this prospective cohort study, pregnant women with HBV infection were recruited in 3 hospitals from October 2019 to November 2020. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected. Blood samples were taken for qHBsAg and HBV DNA testing. HBeAg results were collected from the medical records of the participants who visited a doctor during the study. RESULTS: 465 pregnant women met the study criteria. 41.9% were HBeAg positive, 33.3% had high qHBsAg levels (> 104 IU/mL), 38.3% had high HBV DNA levels (≥ 200,000 IU/mL). Pregnant women with high qHBsAg levels were 27 times more likely to have high HBV DNA levels (aOR = 27.0, 95% CI: 11.1-65.5, p < 0.001). Participants who were HBeAg positive were 57.5 times more likely to have high HBV DNA levels (aOR = 57.5, 95% CI: 23.0-140.0, p < 0.001). The sensitivity of qHBsAg and HBeAg was 80% and 94%, respectively; and specificity was 95% and 90%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: HBeAg testing should be considered over qHBsAg assay as an alternative to HBV DNA assay because of its technical simplicity, lower cost, and fewer missed treatments.


Assuntos
Hepatite B Crônica , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Vírus da Hepatite B/genética , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B , Antígenos E da Hepatite B , Gestantes , DNA Viral , Estudos Prospectivos , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas/prevenção & controle , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/diagnóstico , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/tratamento farmacológico , Hepatite B Crônica/diagnóstico , Hepatite B Crônica/tratamento farmacológico
3.
Molecules ; 28(13)2023 Jul 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37446891

RESUMO

In this study, three types of sulfonic acid group functionalized ionic liquids (SAILs) with a different number of catalytic groups and lipophilicity were synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, NMR, and MS analyses. Their catalytic activities were studied in a model esterification of oleic acid with ethanol; heating in a microwave reactor was also used. The experimental results indicated that SAIL, with the lipophilic alkyl chain, performed the best due to its increased solubility in the reaction mixture. Microwave heating was found to be more effective than conventional heating. Recycling experiments show that these novel SAILs can be reused without significant loss of the catalytic activity.


Assuntos
Ácidos Graxos , Líquidos Iônicos , Esterificação , Ácidos Graxos/química , Líquidos Iônicos/química , Ácidos Sulfônicos , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Catálise
4.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis ; 17(4): e0011259, 2023 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37014918

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) is a group of bacterial pathogens that causes life-threatening diarrhea in children in developing countries. However, there is limited information on the characteristics of DEC isolated from patients in these countries. A detailed genomic analysis of 61 DEC-like isolates from infants with diarrhea was performed to clarify and share the characteristics of DEC prevalent in Vietnam. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: DEC was classified into 57 strains, including 33 enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) (54.1%), 20 enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) (32.8%), two enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) (3.3%), one enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), and one ETEC/EIEC hybrid (1.6% each), and surprisingly into four Escherichia albertii strains (6.6%). Furthermore, several epidemic DEC clones showed an uncommon combination of pathotypes and serotypes, such as EAEC Og130:Hg27, EAEC OgGp9:Hg18, EAEC OgX13:H27, EPEC OgGp7:Hg16, and E. albertii EAOg1:HgUT. Genomic analysis also revealed the presence of various genes and mutations associated with antibiotic resistance in many isolates. Strains that demonstrate potential resistance to ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone, drugs recommended for treating childhood diarrhea, accounted for 65.6% and 41%, respectively. SIGNIFICANCE: Our finding indicate that the routine use of these antibiotics has selected resistant DECs, resulting in a situation where these drugs do not provide in therapeutic effects for some patients. Bridging this gap requires continuous investigations and information sharing regarding the type and distribution of endemic DEC and E. albertii and their antibiotic resistance in different countries.


Assuntos
Escherichia coli Enteropatogênica , Escherichia coli Enterotoxigênica , Infecções por Escherichia coli , Criança , Humanos , Lactente , Infecções por Escherichia coli/microbiologia , Vietnã/epidemiologia , Diarreia/epidemiologia , Diarreia/microbiologia , Escherichia coli Enteropatogênica/genética , Escherichia coli Enterotoxigênica/genética , Genômica
5.
Work ; 74(3): 1015-1026, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36463472

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Vietnamese medical students believe becoming "strong" drinkers is important for their future career working as doctor. However, it is unclear if this is a temporary behaviour associated with life as a student, or a phenomenon associated with the transition to working as a medical practitioner. OBJECTIVE: This study explored changes in alcohol-related perceptions and behaviour among Vietnamese early career doctors working after graduation. METHODS: In-depth interviews were conducted with 15 Vietnamese early career doctors in Hanoi city. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data. RESULTS: Vietnamese early career doctors perceived binge drinking as common among doctors, especially male doctors, surgeons, and preventive medicine doctors. This perception was different from when they were medical students because, at that time, they believed doctors would not drink alcohol at hazardous levels. Additionally, Vietnamese early career doctors' drinking behaviour changed in the frequency and quantity of alcohol consumption after graduation due to peer pressure, job stress, working collaborations, and working environment. CONCLUSIONS: Vietnamese early career doctors changed their alcohol-related perceptions and behaviour after graduation. Gender, mental health (stress), factors related to the working environment, and the role of professional relationships should be considered in strategies to reduce risky alcohol consumption among Vietnamese early career doctors.


Assuntos
Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Médicos , Estudantes de Medicina , Humanos , Masculino , Escolha da Profissão , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , População do Sudeste Asiático , Estudantes de Medicina/psicologia , Médicos/psicologia
6.
J Virol ; 96(19): e0126422, 2022 10 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36154610

RESUMO

The stimulus-induced cAMP response element (CRE)-binding protein (CREB) family of transcription factors bind to CREs to regulate diverse cellular responses, including proliferation, survival, and differentiation. Human herpesvirus 6A (HHV-6A), which belongs to the Betaherpesvirinae subfamily, is a lymphotropic herpesvirus frequently found in patients with neuroinflammatory diseases. Previous reports implicated the importance of CREs in the HHV-6A life cycle, although the effects of the binding of transcription factors to CREs in viral replication have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we analyzed the role of the CREB family of transcription factors during HHV-6A replication. We found that HHV-6A infection enhanced phosphorylation of the CREB family members CREB1 and activating transcription factor 1 (ATF1). Knockout (KO) of CREB1 or ATF1 enhanced viral gene expression and viral replication. The increase in viral yields in supernatants from ATF1-KO cells was greater than that in supernatants from CREB1-KO cells. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis showed that sensors of the innate immune system were downregulated in ATF1-KO cells, and mRNAs of beta interferon (IFN-ß) and IFN-regulated genes were reduced in these cells infected with HHV-6A. IFN-ß treatment of ATF1-KO cells reduced progeny viral yields significantly, suggesting that the enhancement of viral replication was caused by a reduction of IFN-ß. Taken together, our results suggest that ATF1 is activated during HHV-6A infection and restricts viral replication via IFN-ß induction. IMPORTANCE Human herpesvirus 6A (HHV-6A) is a ubiquitous herpesvirus implicated in Alzheimer's disease, although its role in its pathogenesis has not been confirmed. Here, we showed that the transcription factor ATF1 restricts HHV-6A replication, mediated by IFN-ß induction. Our study provides new insights into the role of ATF1 in innate viral immunity and reveals the importance of IFN-ß for regulation of HHV-6A replication, which possibly impairs HHV-6A pathogenesis.


Assuntos
Fator 1 Ativador da Transcrição , Herpesvirus Humano 6 , Interferon beta , Replicação Viral , Fator 1 Ativador da Transcrição/genética , Proteína de Ligação ao Elemento de Resposta ao AMP Cíclico/genética , Técnicas de Inativação de Genes , Herpesvirus Humano 6/fisiologia , Humanos , Interferon beta/genética
7.
Oxid Med Cell Longev ; 2022: 5262677, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35633880

RESUMO

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by progressive locomotive defects and loss of dopaminergic neurons. Polyscias fruticosa leaves are used by Vietnamese as herbal medicines to support the treatment of some diseases related to neurodegeneration such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. However, recent scientific data have not provided sufficient evidence for the use of P. fruticosa leaves to treat PD or decelerate PD progression. In the present study, the capacity of P. fruticosa leaf extract for PD treatment on the dietary supplementation was investigated using dUCH-knockdown Drosophila model. The results indicated that P. fruticosa leaf extract decelerated dopaminergic neuron degeneration induced by dUCH knockdown in not only the larval stage but also the adult stage, which might result in the amelioration in locomotor ability of dUCH-knockdown larvae and flies. Furthermore, antioxidant activities and some key phytochemicals such as saponins, polyphenols, and flavonoids that might contribute to the effects of the P. fruticosa leaf extract were identified.


Assuntos
Araliaceae , Doença de Parkinson , Animais , Neurônios Dopaminérgicos , Drosophila , Drosophila melanogaster , Doença de Parkinson/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico
8.
Front Microbiol ; 12: 681175, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34122392

RESUMO

Tellurite is highly toxic to most bacteria owing to its strong oxidative ability. However, some bacteria demonstrate tellurite resistance. In particular, some Escherichia coli strains, including Shiga toxin-producing E. coli O157:H7, are known to be resistant to tellurite. This resistance is involved in ter operon, which is usually located on a prophage-like element of the chromosome. The characteristics of the ter operon have been investigated mainly by genome analysis of pathogenic E. coli; however, the distribution and structural characteristics of the ter operon in other E. coli are almost unknown. To clarify these points, we examined 106 E. coli strains carrying the ter operon from various animals. The draft genomes of 34 representative strains revealed that ter operons were clearly classified into four subtypes, ter-type 1-4, at the nucleotide sequence level. Complete genomic sequences revealed that operons belonging to three ter-types (1, 3, and 4) were located on the prophage-like elements on the chromosome, whereas the ter-type 2 operon was located on the IncHI2 plasmid. The positions of the tRNASer, tRNAMet, and tRNAPhe indicated the insertion sites of elements carrying the ter operons. Using the PCR method developed in this study, 106 strains were classified as type 1 (n = 66), 2 (n = 13), 3 (n = 8), and 4 (n = 17), and two strains carried both types 1 and 2. Furthermore, significant differences in the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of tellurite were observed between strains carrying ter-type 4 and the others (p < 0.05). The ter-type was also closely related to the isolation source, with types 2 and 4 associated with chickens and deer, respectively. This study provided new insights related not only to genetic characteristics of the ter operons, but also to phenotypic and ecological characteristics that may be related to the diversity of the operon.

9.
J Clin Microbiol ; 59(3)2021 02 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33328174

RESUMO

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is an important foodborne pathogen. Although most cases of STEC infection in humans are due to O157 and non-O157 serogroups, there are also reports of infection with STEC strains that cannot be serologically classified into any O serogroup (O-serogroup untypeable [OUT]). Recently, it has become clear that even OUT strains can be subclassified based on the diversity of O-antigen biosynthesis gene cluster (O-AGC) sequences. Cattle are thought to be a major reservoir of STEC strains belonging to various serotypes; however, the internal composition of OUT STEC strains in cattle remains unknown. In this study, we screened 366 STEC strains isolated from healthy cattle by using multiplex PCR kits including primers that targeted novel O-AGC types (Og types) found in OUT E. coli and Shigella strains in previous studies. Interestingly, 94 (25.7%) of these strains could be classified into 13 novel Og types. Genomic analysis revealed that the results of the in silico serotyping of novel Og-type strains were perfectly consistent with those of the PCR experiment. In addition, it was revealed that a dual Og8+OgSB17-type strain carried two types of O-AGCs from E. coli O8 and Shigella boydii type 17 tandemly inserted at the locus, with both antigens expressed on the cell surface. The results of this comprehensive analysis of cattle-derived STEC strains may help improve our understanding of the strains circulating in the environment. Additionally, the DNA-based serotyping systems used in this study could be used in future epidemiological studies and risk assessments of other STEC strains.


Assuntos
Infecções por Escherichia coli , Proteínas de Escherichia coli , Escherichia coli Shiga Toxigênica , Animais , Bovinos , Infecções por Escherichia coli/veterinária , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/genética , Fezes , Sorogrupo , Sorotipagem , Escherichia coli Shiga Toxigênica/genética
10.
J Ethn Subst Abuse ; 20(4): 543-558, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31596186

RESUMO

Alcohol is a commonly used substance among Vietnamese medical students, especially males. Vietnamese male medical students drink more alcohol, report more intentions to binge drink, and experience more alcohol-related problems than females. As medical students' alcohol consumption may influence their attitudes and medical practice relating to alcohol counseling and prevention, research about the cultural and drinking norms underlying the drinking behavior of Vietnamese male medical students is warranted. This study aims to explore the norms underlying drinking behavior of Vietnamese male medical students. A qualitative study including 32 in-depth interviews with Vietnamese male medical students at a medical university. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. This study found Vietnamese male medical students considered alcohol consumption as a way to show their masculinity and become accepted by groups. Given these beliefs and adherence to norms, they followed rules to force others to consume more alcohol or be intoxicated in drinking occasions among medical students. This study showed the importance of gender and group norms in influencing Vietnamese male medical students' alcohol consumption. These norms should be considered in future research and interventions addressing alcohol use among this target population.


Assuntos
Consumo Excessivo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Estudantes de Medicina , Consumo Excessivo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Universidades , Vietnã
11.
Jpn J Infect Dis ; 74(2): 115-121, 2021 Mar 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32863350

RESUMO

Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC), an important agent of infectious diarrhea, is constantly evolving, making its periodic monitoring necessary. However, the DEC genotypes in Ghana remain uncharacterized. We focused on characterizing the molecular serotypes, virulence factors, multilocus sequence types, and the phylogenetic relatedness among different DEC pathotypes recovered from stool samples of pediatric patients with symptoms of diarrhea from the Western region of Ghana. We detected all five common DEC pathotypes, with the majority of the isolates being enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) harboring the heat-labile enterotoxin gene. The DEC strains exhibited diverse serotypic identity with novel and previously reported outbreak strains. Sequence types (ST) ST38, ST316, and ST1722 were most prevalent, and clonal complex 10 (CC10) was the most common CC. A close evolutionary distance was observed among most of the isolates. Coli surface antigen 6 was the most prevalent (44%, n = 11) ETEC-specific colonization factor. Nearly all the isolates harbored lpfA, and the frequencies of other virulence genes such as pap and cnf1 were 7.9% and 18.4%, respectively. This study provides insights into the important and novel genotypes circulating in the Western region of Ghana that should be monitored for public health.


Assuntos
Diarreia/microbiologia , Infecções por Escherichia coli/microbiologia , Escherichia coli/genética , Escherichia coli/patogenicidade , Pré-Escolar , DNA Bacteriano , Diarreia/epidemiologia , Escherichia coli Enteropatogênica/genética , Escherichia coli Enterotoxigênica/genética , Enterotoxinas/genética , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Escherichia coli/epidemiologia , Genes Bacterianos , Genótipo , Gana/epidemiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Tipagem de Sequências Multilocus , Filogenia , Virulência , Fatores de Virulência/genética
12.
Diagnostics (Basel) ; 10(10)2020 Sep 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32987775

RESUMO

Muscular dystrophies are a group of heterogeneous clinical and genetic disorders. Two siblings presented with characteristics like muscular dystrophy, abnormal white matter, and elevated serum creatine kinase level. The high throughput of whole exome sequencing (WES) makes it an efficient tool for obtaining a precise diagnosis without the need for immunohistochemistry. WES was performed in the two siblings and their parents, followed by prioritization of variants and validation by Sanger sequencing. Very rare variants with moderate to high predicted impact in genes associated with neuromuscular disorders were selected. We identified two pathogenic missense variants, c.778C>T (p.H260Y) and c.2987G>A (p.C996Y), in the LAMA2 gene (NM_000426.3), in the homozygous state in two siblings, and in the heterozygous state in their unaffected parents, which were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Variant c.2987G>A has not been reported previously. These variants may lead to a change in the structure and function of laminin-α2, a member of the family of laminin-211, which is an extracellular matrix protein that functions to stabilize the basement membrane of muscle fibers during contractions. Overall, WES enabled an accurate diagnosis of both patients with LAMA2-related muscular dystrophy and expanded the spectrum of missense variants in LAMA2.

13.
Cancer Control ; 26(1): 1073274819865269, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31364390

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) grade has been recently used in evaluation of liver function and prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, in Vietnam, the utility of ALBI grade in clinical setting has not been adequately investigated. METHODS: This is a retrospective study of 110 patients with HCC treated with sorafenib from January 2010 to November 2018 at 2 tertiary hospitals in Vietnam. Prognostic value of ALBI grade was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional regression model. RESULTS: Results showed that the majority of ALBI grade 1 were Child-Pugh level A (97.5%); ALBI grade 2 was seen in all Child-Pugh score groups of 5, 6, 7, ≥8, whereas ALBI grade 3 was mostly reported in Child-Pugh score ≥8 group (83.3%). Compared with ALBI grade 3, ALBI grade 1 reduced 66.4% risk of death (hazards ratio [HR] = 0.336, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.115-0.981; P = .046). Compared with ALBI grade 3, ALBI grade 2 reduced 67.3% risk of death (HR = 0.327, 95% CI: 0.122-0.875; P = .026). Albumin-bilirubin grade was an independent predictor of survival outcome. CONCLUSION: Baseline ALBI grade is a simple and objective approach in assessing liver functions of patients with HCC. Baseline ALBI grade is an independent predictor of survival in patients treated with sorafenib.


Assuntos
Bilirrubina/análise , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Albumina Sérica/análise , Sorafenibe/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde/métodos , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Prognóstico , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Centros de Atenção Terciária , Vietnã , Adulto Jovem
14.
Cancer Control ; 26(1): 1073274819862793, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31290350

RESUMO

Epidemiological characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Southern Vietnam has been well reported as in Globocan 2018 while data from the North has still not been fully presented. Therefore, we conducted this retrospective descriptive study on 198 advanced HCC patients treated at 3 major hospitals in Northern Vietnam to describe demographic features, HCC risk factors, and correlation among them in patients with advanced HCC. This information will lead to prevention efforts and provide information for allocating funds for treatment. The median age at diagnosis was 57 years (range: 19-86) and the male/female ratio was 8.9/1. The proportions of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection were 81.3% and 5.6%, respectively. Hepatitis C virus infection rate was significantly higher in patients <50 years old (12.5% vs 3.3%, P = .016). There was no significant difference in age or viral hepatitis infection status by gender. Only 7.6% of patients diagnosed with advanced HCC were asymptomatic. In conclusion, with the high rate of HBV infection among patients with advanced HCC, it is necessary for increasing prevention efforts in HBV screening. Furthermore, HCV infection should be noticed in patients with advanced HCC younger than 50 years old.


Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular/epidemiologia , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Hepatite C/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/epidemiologia , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/virologia , Feminino , Hepatite B/patologia , Hepatite B/virologia , Hepatite C/patologia , Hepatite C/virologia , Humanos , Incidência , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/virologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Vietnã/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem
15.
Health Educ Res ; 34(4): 447-459, 2019 08 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31168575

RESUMO

Alcohol use is common among Vietnamese students. Previous qualitative findings showed Vietnamese medical students believed they were not binge drinkers while reporting many binge drinking occasions they participated in or witnessed. This dichotomy warrants examination. This study aims to establish drinking patterns and examine the factors underlying Vietnamese medical students' binge drinking intention and behaviour. This study used a prospective-correlational design, with two waves of data collection, drawing from established health behaviour models. At Time 1, 206 students completed the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test, the standard Theory of Planned Behaviour measures (attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control) and their underlying beliefs, as well as group norm, role identity, drinking culture and past binge drinking behaviour. At Time 2, 156 medical students reported their binge drinking behaviour 2 weeks later. Only 6.8% of participants were classified as problematic drinkers and few participants reported binge drinking occasions at the 2-week follow-up. Perceived behavioural control, friends' group norms, role identity as future doctors, and past behaviour significantly predicted binge drinking intentions and key beliefs were identified. This study indicated Vietnamese medical students' limited engagement with binge drinking and identified key factors to address for those with risky drinking behaviour intentions.


Assuntos
Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Consumo Excessivo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Intenção , Estudantes de Medicina/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Assunção de Riscos , Autorrelato , Vietnã , Adulto Jovem
16.
BMJ Open ; 8(4): e020176, 2018 04 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29705758

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To explore the perceptions, attitudes, beliefs, and experiences related to Vietnamese medical students' binge drinking. DESIGN: A qualitative study comprising semi-structured focus groups/interviews with medical students and semi-structured interviews with key informants. Thematic analysis of data. SETTING: Participants were a convenience sample of usual volunteers from a medical university in Viet Nam. PARTICIPANTS: 19 medical students from year 1 to 6 and 4 key informants agreed to participate in the study. RESULTS: The study found participants believe medical students drink less than other students and are not binge drinkers yet they experience and/or witness many binge drinking occasions among medical students. Participants consider alcohol use as culturally acceptable in Vietnamese society and a way for medical students to create and improve relationships with their friends, teachers, or work colleagues. Group affiliation and peer pressure to drink excessive alcohol are identified among medical students, especially male students. CONCLUSION: The culture of drinking behaviour was explored among medical students in Viet Nam. This study reveals a dichotomy between the belief of not being binge drinkers and the experience of many binge drinking occasions among medical students. This tension suggests future research about binge drinking behaviour of Vietnamese medical students is required.


Assuntos
Consumo Excessivo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Estudantes de Medicina , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Atitude , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudantes de Medicina/psicologia , Universidades , Vietnã
17.
Org Biomol Chem ; 12(23): 3956-3963, 2014 Jun 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24805210

RESUMO

The aggregation of a steroid-functionalised porphyrin derivative occurs with the formation of J-type chiral species. Spectroscopic and SEM studies indicate that the initial concentration of the macrocycle strongly influences the morphology of the final mesoscopic structures, as a consequence of a change in the mechanistic course of the self-assembly process. Fibrillar structures are obtained at low porphyrin concentration, whereas aggregates of globular shapes are formed on increasing the substrate concentration. Molecular mechanics investigations gave insights into the intimate nature of the driving forces that govern the self-assembly process, pointing out the importance of ring distortion, of intramolecular steroidal OH-π hydrogen bonds, as well as dispersion forces among the tetrapyrrolic platforms.


Assuntos
Modelos Moleculares , Fenômenos Ópticos , Porfirinas/química , Esteroides/química , Dicroísmo Circular , Cinética , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Termodinâmica
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