Comparative evaluation of Tell-Show-Do technique and its modifications in managing anxious pediatric dental patients among 4-8 years of age.

Background: Dentistry has made a remarkable progress in techniques, materials and technologies, however the anxiety of the child related to dental treatment still remains constant. Tell Show Do is the most common technique behaviour management of the child in the dental clinic since many years. Recently, many modifications of Tell Show Do technique have been researched and most of them provided an enhanced potential for the conventional technique research but were always individually compared to conventional technique. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of Tell Show Do technique in comparison with its 4 modifications Tell Play Do, Tell Play Do with Smart Phone Dentist Game, Tell Show Play Doh, Ask Tell Ask among 4-8 years old children during restorative treatment. Methodology: 150 children aged 4-8 years were randomly selected divided into 5 groups comprising of 30 patients each. Evaluation of anxiety was done using Physiologic-Pulse Rate, Facial Image Scale and Venham's Anxiety Scale. Results: Except for Ask Tell Ask Group the anxiety level of the subjects decreased in all groups according to physiologic readings and facial image score. Anxiety Score decreased preoperatively to postoperatively in all groups except for Tell Play Do and Ask Tell Ask group according to venhams anxiety scale. Conclusion: Although Tell Show Do technique is most widely accepted and modified technique, due to changing scenarios of today's children Tell Play Do, Tell Play Do with Smart Phone Dentist Game and Tell Show Play Doh are also showing encouraging results.

Morphological and dimensional characteristics of dental arch in children with beta thalassemia major.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine the arch dimensions of beta thalassemia major patients in comparison with normal individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dental arch dimensions were compared between thalassemic patients and normal individuals in the age group of 12-16 years in the maxillary and mandibular arch corresponding to each other regarding age, sex and Angle's molar relationship. A total number of sixty cases in each group were taken. Maxillary and mandibular impressions were made with alginate for all the sixty participants in each group and poured with die stone. Measurement of inter incisor, inter canine, inter premolar and intermolar arch width, arch depth, right anterior, right posterior, left anterior, and left posterior arch length was carried out from each cast using digital Vernier caliper. RESULTS: Unpaired t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistically, a significant difference was found between the case and control groups in the maxillary arch in intercanine width, inter premolar width, intermolar width, right anterior arch length, right posterior arch length, and left anterior arch length. However, no statistically significant difference was found between the groups in inter incisor width, left posterior arch length, and arch depth in the maxillary arch. In the mandibular arch, statistically significant difference was found between the case and control groups in inter canine width, inter premolar width, inter molar width, and left anterior arch length. However, no statistically significant difference was found between the case and control groups in the mandibular arch in interincisor width, right anterior arch length, right posterior arch length, and left posterior arch length. CONCLUSION: Dental arch widths and arch lengths were significantly reduced in thalassemic patients as compared to normal individuals for the maxillary and mandibular arches.

A comparative evaluation of retention of pit and fissure sealant bonded using sixth-, seventh-, and eighth-generation adhesives: An in vivo study.

INTRODUCTION: Dental caries is one of the most common preventable childhood infections. a number of measures are available to prevent occlusal caries; pit and fissure sealants are one of the various methods currently available to cost effectively reduce dental caries. AIM: To evaluate the retention of pit and fissure sealant bonded using sixth (Adper promt), seventh (Optibond) and eighth (Futurabond Dual Cure) generations of adhesives. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A total of 37 healthy children who fulfilled the inclusion were randomly selected. A total of 148 teeth (4 in each subject) were used as samples for the study. METHODS AND MATERIAL: The teeth to be sealed were then isolated using rubber dam. The placement of adhesives was done using split mouth design. The first permanent molars were randomly divided into four groups on the basis of sealant placed without and with using 6th, 7th and 8th generation bonding agents as follows: GROUP A (N=37):- Pit and fissure sealant placed without bonding agent. GROUP B (N=37):- Pit and fissure sealant placed following sixth generation bonding agent (ADPER PROMT). GROUP C (N=37):- Pit and fissure sealant placed following seventh generation bonding agent. (OPTIBOND). GROUP D (N=37):- Pit and fissure sealant placed following eighth generation bonding agent. (FUTURA BOND DUAL CURE). The integrity of the sealant placed was assessed immediately after completion of the procedure, 3 months and 6 months after placement. The post-operative evaluation for retention was done using Simonsen criteria. A score of 0 was given for complete retention, 1 for partial retention and 2 for no retention. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: The statistical analysis was done using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) software version 21. RESULTS: It was found that there was no statistically significant difference between the groups after 3 and 6 months as the value obtained (0.133) was much greater than the p-value (0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study concluded that the use of bonding agent prior to application of pit and fissure sealant does not necessarily aid in retention of sealant as compared to pit and fissure sealant placed without bonding agent, Sealants effectiveness is directly related to its retention and it dependent on application procedures. The failure of retention of pit and fissure sealants can attribute to moisture contamination, improper curing methods, inadequate adhesion, improper application procedure or early age placement.

Effect of Achyranthes aspera, 0.2% Aqueous Chlorhexidine Gluconate and Punica granatum Oral Rinse on the Levels of Salivary Streptococcus mutans in 8 to 12 Years Old Children.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To study the effect Achyranthes aspera, 0.2% aqueous chlorhexidine gluconate and Punica granatum oral rinse on salivary Streptococcus mutans count in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 60 children of 8 to 12 years of age were randomly allocated into 3 groups. Group A was given 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash, group B was given 10% A. aspera mouthwash and group C was given 15% P. granatum mouthwash. The day 1 saliva samples were collected from the subjects and inoculated onto mitis salivarius bacitracin (MSB) agar. The colony counts were obtained by a clinical microbiologist who was blinded to the subject allocation. Plaque scores were then recorded by the investigator with the help of a volunteer. Following this, they received a thorough scaling and polishing. Subjects in each group were then provided with 140 ml of the respective mouthwash, as a daily supervised rinse after breakfast and before sleeping as per instructions. Following mouth rinsing, the children were instructed not to eat or drink for 15 minutes. At the 7th day, unstimulated saliva was again collected from the subjects of all 3 groups, inoculated onto MSB agar and colony count was obtained. Modified Quigley-Hein plaque index was also evaluated for the refreshed score at this stage. Colony counting was done using loop method and statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) software version 21. RESULTS: All the three mouthwashes showed statistically significant reduction of S. mutans count and plaque index after 7 days, i.e. chlorhexidine (p < 0.001 for reduction in S. mutans count and p < 0.05 for plaque score reduction), A. aspera (p < 0.01 for reduction in S. mutans count and p < 0.05 for plaque score reduction) and P. granatum (p < 0.01 for reduction in S. mutans count and p < 0.05 for plaque score reduction). Chlorhexidine had marginally better results in reducing S. mutans count. CONCLUSION: Efficacy of chlorhexidine, A. aspera and P. granatum was statistically significant with respect to reduction of S. mutans count with chlorhexidine being marginally better than the other two; All the three mouthwashes were found to be at par when plaque index values from baseline and after interception of 7 days was calculated; Punica granatum has better antimicrobial effect than A. aspera.

Correlation of general anxiety and dental anxiety in children aged 3 to 5 years: A clinical survey.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of dental anxiety in a group of children aged 3 to 5 years and to explore the relationships between dental anxiety and general fearful nature of the child. MATERIALS & METHODS: A total of 250 children were selected for the study after due selection via inclusion criteria. Pre-school anxiety scale by Spence and Rapee (1999) was used to assess the general fear of the child and was filled by the parent during the first visit. Venham's anxiety scale was used to assess the dental anxiety which was seen during routine dental examination of the child on his first visit. RESULTS: The results were statistically analyzed using Chi square test and Karl Pearson coefficient of correlation. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that 24% of children showed association between high level of dental anxiety and high level of general fear; 56% of children also exhibited high level of dental anxiety with moderate score of general fear and 20% of children exhibited positive correlation between low level of dental anxiety and fear. How to cite this article: Nigam AG, Marwah N, Goenka P, Chaudhry A. Correlation of general anxiety and dental anxiety in children aged 3 to 5 years: A clinical survey. J Int Oral Health 2013;5(6):18-24 .

Combined surgical and nonsurgical endodontic therapy in the treatment of dens invaginatus type 3: a case report.

An accurate understanding of the morphology of the root canal system is a prerequisite for successful root canal treatment. Invaginated teeth have a complex root canal configuration that cannot be instrumented effectively. Correct diagnosis and treatment planning are fundamental to treatment of dens invaginatus. Periapical surgery is indicated in cases where a nonsurgical approach fails. A case of dens invaginatus type 3 in a maxillary lateral incisor with a periapical lesion and its successful treatment by these combined methods is reported.