RESUMO
To determine the prevalence and clinical relevance of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein-deficient (GPI[-]) cell populations (paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria [PNH]-type cells) in patients with acquired aplastic anaemia (AA) or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), we prospectively studied peripheral blood samples of 2402 patients (1075 with AA, 900 with MDS, 144 with PNH, and 283 with other anaemia) using a high-sensitivity flow cytometry assay in a nationwide multi-centre observational study. PNH-type cells were detected in 52.6% of AA and 13.7% of MDS patients. None of the 35 patients with refractory anaemia (RA) with ringed sideroblasts or the 86 patients with RA with excess of blasts carried PNH-type cells. Among the 317 patients possessing PNH-type granulocytes, the percentage of PNH-type granulocytes increased by ≥10% in 47 patients (14.8%), remained unchanged in 240 patients (75.7%), and decreased by ≥10% in 30 patients (9.5%) during 3 years of follow-up. PNH-type granulocyte expansion occurred more frequently (27.1%) in the 144 patients who originally carried PNH-type granulocytes ≥1% than in the 173 patients with PNH-type granulocytes <1% (4.6%). This study confirmed that PNH-type cells are undetectable in authentic clonal MDS patients, and the presence of ≥1% PNH-type granulocytes predicts a higher likelihood of PNH-type cell expansion than with <1% PNH-type granulocytes.
RESUMO
All Japanese patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) treated with eculizumab were enrolled in post-marketing surveillance (PMS) between June 2010 and August 2019 to assess the long-term effectiveness and safety of eculizumab. The reduction in intravascular hemolysis, the change in hemoglobin (Hb) level, and the change in renal function were assessed to determine the effectiveness of eculizumab. The types and frequencies of adverse events (AEs) were assessed to determine its safety. A total of 632 patients were enrolled and the median treatment duration was 3.6 years. Treatment with eculizumab significantly reduced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels and significantly increased Hb levels. These changes were maintained for up to 5 years of treatment. An estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and higher LDH level at baseline were associated with increases in Hb levels during eculizumab treatment. The overall incidence of any AE was 69.92/100 patient-years. Hemolysis was the most common AE (6.43/100 patient-years). The incidence of infection-related AEs was 20.57/100 patient-years, and included meningococcal infection in three patients (0.12/100 patient-years). This long-term follow-up of patients with PNH demonstrated the sustained effectiveness of eculizumab and supports its well-established safety profile.
Assuntos
Hemoglobinúria Paroxística , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados , Seguimentos , Hemoglobinúria Paroxística/tratamento farmacológico , Hemólise , Humanos , Japão/epidemiologia , Vigilância de Produtos ComercializadosRESUMO
Small populations of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein-deficient (GPI[-]) cells accounting for up to 0.01% of total granulocytes can be accurately detected by a high-sensitivity flow cytometry (FCM) assay established by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI method) and have a prognostic value in bone marrow failure (BMF); however, the significance of GPI(-) granulocytes accounting for 0.001-0.009% of granulocytes remains unclear. To clarify this issue, we examined the peripheral blood of 21 BMF patients in whom minor (around 0.01%) populations of GPI(-) granulocytes had been previously detected by a different high-resolution FCM method (OPTIMA method, which defines ≥ 0.003% GPI(-) granulocytes as an abnormal increase) using both the CLSI and OPTIMA methods simultaneously. These two methods detected an "abnormal increase" in GPI(-) granulocytes in 10 patients (48%) and 17 patients (81%), respectively. CLSI detected 0.002-0.005% (median, 0.004%) GPI(-) granulocytes in 7 patients who were deemed positive for PNH-type cells according to the OPTIMA method, which detected 0.003-0.012% (median 0.006%) GPI(-) granulocytes. The clone sizes of GPI(-) cells detected by each assay were positively correlated (r = 0.994, p < 0.001). Of the seven patients who were judged positive for PNH-type cells by OPTIMA alone, five received immunosuppressive therapy, and all of them achieved a partial or complete response. GPI(-) granulocytes detected in BMF patients by the CLSI method should thus be considered significant, even at percentages of < 0.01%.
Assuntos
Transtornos da Insuficiência da Medula Óssea/patologia , Proteínas Ligadas por GPI/análise , Granulócitos/patologia , Hemoglobinúria Paroxística/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Transtornos da Insuficiência da Medula Óssea/diagnóstico , Serviços de Laboratório Clínico , Feminino , Hemoglobinúria Paroxística/diagnóstico , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Lenalidomide (Len) and dexamethasone (dex) therapy is a standard therapy in patients with multiple myeloma. Elderly or unfit patients may reduce Len or dex doses to prevent toxicities that lead to treatment discontinuation. However, there have been few studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of lower doses of Len and dex. We conducted a phase II study of 1.5-year low-dose Len and dex therapy following melphalan and prednisolone (MP), the number of which cycles was determined by a response within 9 cycles. The Len dose was 10 mg daily and the dex dose was 20 mg weekly, which were continued for 1.5 years. Twenty-one patients were enrolled. The median number of cycles of MP was 3 (range, 2-9). The overall response rate was 81% and a very good partial response or better was achieved in 33.3% of patients. The median follow-up time for survivors was 70.5 months (range, 42-83 months), the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 27 months (95% CI, 21-33 months), and the median overall survival was not reached. Grade 3 or 4 adverse events were observed in 28.6% of patients. In conclusion, the low-dose Len and dex therapy safely achieved comparable efficacies to the standard-dose regimen in elderly patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. UMIN000007889.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Mieloma Múltiplo/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anemia/induzido quimicamente , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Dexametasona/administração & dosagem , Dexametasona/efeitos adversos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Esquema de Medicação , Neutropenia Febril/induzido quimicamente , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Lenalidomida/administração & dosagem , Lenalidomida/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Melfalan/administração & dosagem , Melfalan/efeitos adversos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mieloma Múltiplo/genética , Prednisolona/administração & dosagem , Prednisolona/efeitos adversos , Intervalo Livre de Progressão , Indução de Remissão , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Ravulizumab demonstrated noninferior efficacy and comparable safety to eculizumab in two open-label, phase 3 studies in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) who complement inhibitor-naive (Study 301) or were previously treated with eculizumab (Study 302). This subgroup analysis assessed ravulizumab's efficacy and safety in Japanese patients in Studies 301 and 302, who are known to have different clinicopathologic features from white patients. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to eculizumab every-two-weeks or weight-based dosing of ravulizumab every-eight-weeks for 26 weeks. Co-primary endpoints were transfusion avoidance and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) normalization in Study 301 and percentage change in LDH levels from baseline to day 183 in Study 302. Thirty-three Japanese patients (n = 18 ravulizumab; n = 15 eculizumab) enrolled in Study 301; 12 enrolled in Study 302 (n = 5 ravulizumab; n = 7 eculizumab). In the Study 301 ravulizumab group, 83.3% (15/18) of patients avoided transfusion; the adjusted prevalence of LDH normalization was 52.1%. In the Study 302 ravulizumab group, the least-squares-mean percentage change from baseline in LDH was 8.34%. No deaths or meningococcal infections occurred during the 6-month primary evaluation period in either study. In conclusion, ravulizumab's efficacy and safety were consistent in the Japanese and global patient populations with PNH in the phase 3 studies. Clinical Trial Identifier: NCT02946463; NCT03056040.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/administração & dosagem , Hemoglobinúria Paroxística/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Povo Asiático , Biomarcadores/sangue , Transfusão de Sangue/estatística & dados numéricos , Peso Corporal , Esquema de Medicação , Feminino , Hemoglobinúria Paroxística/diagnóstico , Humanos , Japão , L-Lactato Desidrogenase/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Segurança , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
In this study, we developed the world's first artificial intelligence (AI) system that assesses the dysplasia of blood cells on bone marrow smears and presents the result of AI prediction for one of the most representative dysplasia-decreased granules (DG). We photographed field images from the bone marrow smears from patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or non-MDS diseases and cropped each cell using an originally developed cell detector. Two morphologists labelled each cell. The degree of dysplasia was evaluated on a four-point scale: 0-3 (e.g., neutrophil with severely decreased granules were labelled DG3). We then constructed the classifier from the dataset of labelled images. The detector and classifier were based on a deep neural network pre-trained with natural images. We obtained 1797 labelled images, and the morphologists determined 134 DGs (DG1: 46, DG2: 77, DG3: 11). Subsequently, we performed a five-fold cross-validation to evaluate the performance of the classifier. For DG1-3 labelled by morphologists, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy were 91.0%, 97.7%, 76.3%, 99.3%, and 97.2%, respectively. When DG1 was excluded in the process, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy were 85.2%, 98.9%, 80.6%, and 99.2% and 98.2%, respectively.
Assuntos
Medula Óssea/patologia , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/patologia , Algoritmos , Inteligência Artificial , Aprendizado Profundo , Humanos , Redes Neurais de Computação , Curva ROC , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
In our previous study, we found that chromosomes were damaged by the radiation exposure from a single computed tomography (CT) examination, based on an increased number of dicentric chromosomes (Dics) formed in peripheral blood lymphocytes after a CT examination. We then investigated whether a cumulative increase in the frequency of Dics and chromosome translocations (Trs) formation could be observed during three consecutive CT examinations performed over the course of 3-4 years, using lymphocytes in peripheral bloods of eight patients (five males and three females; age range 27-77 years; mean age, 64 years). The effective radiation dose per CT examination estimated from the computational dosimetry system was 22.0-73.5 mSv, and the average dose per case was 40.5 mSv. The frequency of Dics formation significantly increased after a CT examination and tended to decrease before the next examination. Unlike Dics analysis, we found no significant increase in the frequency of Trs formation before and after the CT examination, and we observed no tendency for the frequency to decrease before the next CT examination. The frequency of Trs formation was higher than that of Dics formation regardless of CT examination. Furthermore, neither analysis of Dics nor Trs showed a cumulative increase in the frequency of formation following three consecutive CT examinations.
Assuntos
Aberrações Cromossômicas/efeitos da radiação , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Adulto , Idoso , Relação Dose-Resposta à Radiação , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Translocação GenéticaRESUMO
Minor populations of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein-deficient (GPI[-]) cells in the peripheral blood may have a prognostic value in bone marrow failure (BMF). Our objective is to establish the optimal flow cytometry (FCM) assay that can discriminate GPI(-) populations specific to BMF from those of healthy individuals. To identify a cut-off that discriminates GPI(-) rare cells from GPI(+) cells, we determined a position of the borderline that separates the GPI(-) from GPI(+) cells on a scattergram by testing more than 30 healthy individuals, such that no GPI(-) dot fell into the upper left quadrant where fluorescein-labeled aerolysin (FLAER)-CD11b+ granulocytes and CD55-CD59- glycophorin A+ erythrocytes were positioned. This method allowed us to define ≥ 0.003% CD11b+FLAER- granulocytes and ≥ 0.005% glycophorin A+CD55-CD59- erythrocytes to be specific to BMF patients. Longitudinal cross-validation studies showed minimal (< 0.02%) inter-laboratory differences in the GPI(-) cell percentage. An analysis of 1210 patients with BMF revealed a GPI(-) cell population in 56.3% of patients with aplastic anemia and 18.5% of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome. The GPI(-) granulocyte percentages was 0.003-0.01% in 3.7% of patients. This FCM assay effectively identified an increase in the percentage of GPI(-) rare cells that are specific to BMF patients and allowed different laboratories to accurately detect 0.003-0.01% of pathological GPI(-) cells.
Assuntos
Anemia Aplástica , Antígenos CD/sangue , Doenças da Medula Óssea , Eritrócitos , Citometria de Fluxo/métodos , Granulócitos , Hemoglobinúria Paroxística , Anemia Aplástica/sangue , Anemia Aplástica/patologia , Doenças da Medula Óssea/sangue , Doenças da Medula Óssea/patologia , Transtornos da Insuficiência da Medula Óssea , Eritrócitos/metabolismo , Eritrócitos/patologia , Feminino , Granulócitos/metabolismo , Granulócitos/patologia , Hemoglobinúria Paroxística/sangue , Hemoglobinúria Paroxística/patologia , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
High-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is widely used as a salvage therapy for relapsed or high-risk diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). To investigate the safety and efficacy of regimens including high-dose MCNU followed by ASCT for DLBCL, we analyzed the data from prospective multicenter trials. Twenty-nine patients were analyzed, and the median follow-up time for survival patients was 70 months. Fifteen patients received MCVC conditioning regimen, and fourteen patients received MEAM regimen. Major toxicities associated with these conditioning regimens included nausea (69%), anorexia (66%), febrile neutropenia (62%), diarrhea (59%), and mucositis (34%). One patient who developed severe sinusoidal obstructive syndrome and acute lung injury died without disease progression, and overall therapy-related mortality at 5 years was 3%. No patient developed therapy-related hematological malignancy. At 5 years, overall survival and progression-free survival in all patients were 82.8 and 58.2%, respectively. The 5-year OS in patients treated by the MCVC and MEAM regimens were 73.3 and 92.9%, respectively. These results suggest that regimens including high-dose MCNU followed by ASCT are feasible and effective for the treatment of relapsed or high-risk DLBCL. Further investigation is needed to evaluate of these regimens.
Assuntos
Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/mortalidade , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/terapia , Compostos de Nitrosoureia/administração & dosagem , Transplante de Células-Tronco , Adulto , Autoenxertos , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Compostos de Nitrosoureia/efeitos adversos , Estudos Prospectivos , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
In the original publication of this article, Tables 2, 3 and 4 were published incorrectly. The corrected tables 2, 3 and 4 are given in the following pages.
RESUMO
In paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), various symptoms due to intravascular hemolysis exert a negative impact on patients' quality of life (QOL). To determine clinical factors related with improvements in QOL in PNH patients treated, we analyzed changes in QOL scales in PNH patients treated with eculizumab based on data collected from post-marketing surveillance in Japan. Summary statistics were obtained using figures from QOL scoring systems and laboratory values, and evaluated by t test. One-year administration of eculizumab improved the most QOL items in comparison with the baseline. In particular, significant improvement of EORTC QLQ-C30 was observed in fatigue, dyspnea, physical function, and global health status. Canonical correlation analysis revealed a high correlation between QOL and laboratory values. Changes in serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and hemoglobin showed strong correlations with QOL improvement. Quality of life improvement was independent of patients' baseline characteristics of co-occurrence of bone marrow failure (BMF), or the degree of LDH. In this analysis, we found that the degree of QOL improvement was independent of the baseline LDH before eculizumab treatment and of co-occurrence of BMF. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria patients who have not received eculizumab treatment due to mild hemolysis may benefit from eculizumab treatment.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/administração & dosagem , Inativadores do Complemento/administração & dosagem , Hemoglobinúria Paroxística/tratamento farmacológico , Qualidade de Vida , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anemia Aplástica , Doenças da Medula Óssea , Transtornos da Insuficiência da Medula Óssea , Feminino , Hemoglobinas , Hemoglobinúria Paroxística/sangue , Humanos , Hidroliases/sangue , Japão , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
B cell derived induced pluripotent stem cells (BiPSCs) were recently established from peripheral blood B cells by the simultaneous transfection of Yamanaka factors (Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc) and C/EBPα using a Sendai virus vector. Here, using a different method, we established BiPSCs with immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene rearrangement from normal B cells purified from lymph nodes. The critical points of our method are pre-stimulation of B cells with IL-21 and CD40-ligand (CD40L), followed by consecutive transfection of highly concentrated Yamanaka factors using a retroviral vector. Following each transfection the cells were centrifuged onto a retronectin coated plate and the activated by IL-4, IL-2, and CD40L. Furthermore, we established BiPSCs (BiPSC-A) in which activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) could be induced using the doxycycline-controlled. Both the parental BiPSC and BiPSC-A showed the capability of differentiating into hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) based on confirmation of CD34 expression and colony-formation from CD34-positive cells. The findings that BiPSC-A can differentiate into HPCs suggest that there is a possibility that induction of AID expression would result in chromosomal translocations in the process of differentiation from BiPSCs, and therefore that these BiPSCs could be useful in elucidating the tumor origin of abnormal B cells in myelomagenesis.
Assuntos
Linfócitos B/citologia , Diferenciação Celular , Citidina Desaminase/biossíntese , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/citologia , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes Induzidas/citologia , Animais , Antígenos CD19/metabolismo , Linfócitos B/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos B/metabolismo , Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Ensaio de Unidades Formadoras de Colônias , Doxiciclina/farmacologia , Indução Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacos , Hematopoese/efeitos dos fármacos , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/efeitos dos fármacos , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/metabolismo , Humanos , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes Induzidas/efeitos dos fármacos , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes Induzidas/metabolismo , Fator 4 Semelhante a Kruppel , Linfonodos/citologia , Camundongos SCID , Modelos BiológicosRESUMO
It has been suggested that use of recombinant soluble thrombomodulin (rTM) is superior to conventional drugs in treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) complicating acute leukemia. However, its safety and efficacy have not been fully examined in prospective studies. Here, we performed a multicenter prospective study to examine outcomes of rTM treatment for DIC in patients with acute leukemia. Of 33 patients registered in this study, 13 had acute myeloid leukemia (AML), three had acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and 17 had acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). The cumulative rates of DIC resolution at day 7 and day 35 were 56 and 81% in AML/ALL and 53 and 77% in APL, respectively. The median time from the initiation of rTM to DIC resolution was 4 days in AML/ALL and 6 days in APL patients. Adverse events related to hemorrhage occurred in two AML/ALL patients (13%) and three APL patients (18%). Of these, one AML/ALL patient died with intracranial hemorrhage, and two APL patients died with intracranial hemorrhage and pulmonary hemorrhage. These results suggest that rTM may improve the survival of acute leukemia patients with DIC by inhibiting early death related to hemorrhagic events, as reported previously.
Assuntos
Coagulação Intravascular Disseminada/tratamento farmacológico , Coagulação Intravascular Disseminada/etiologia , Leucemia/complicações , Trombomodulina/administração & dosagem , Doença Aguda , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Japão , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Proteínas Recombinantes/administração & dosagem , Segurança , Solubilidade , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
In myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), functional defects of neutrophils result in high mortality because of infections; however, the molecular basis remains unclear. We recently found that miR-34a and miR-155 were significantly increased in MDS neutrophils. To clarify the effects of the aberrant microRNA expression on neutrophil functions, we introduced miR-34a, miR-155, or control microRNA into neutrophil-like differentiated HL60 cells. Ectopically introduced miR-34a and miR-155 significantly attenuated migration toward chemoattractants fMLF and IL-8, but enhanced degranulation. To clarify the mechanisms for inhibition of migration, we studied the effects of miR-34a and miR-155 on the migration-regulating Rho family members, Cdc42 and Rac1. The introduced miR-34a and miR-155 decreased the fMLF-induced active form of Cdc42 to 29.0 ± 15.9 and 39.7 ± 4.8% of that in the control cells, respectively, although Cdc42 protein levels were not altered. miR-34a decreased a Cdc42-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), dedicator of cytokinesis (DOCK) 8, whereas miR-155 reduced another Cdc42-specific GEF, FYVE, RhoGEF, and PH domain-containing (FGD) 4. The knockdown of DOCK8 and FGD4 by small interfering RNA suppressed Cdc42 activation and fMLF/IL-8-induced migration. miR-155, but not miR-34a, decreased Rac1 protein, and introduction of Rac1 small interfering RNA attenuated Rac1 activation and migration. Neutrophils from patients showed significant attenuation in migration compared with healthy cells, and protein levels of DOCK8, FGD4, and Rac1 were well correlated with migration toward fMLF (r = 0.642, 0.686, and 0.436, respectively) and IL-8 (r = 0.778, 0.659, and 0.606, respectively). Our results indicated that reduction of DOCK8, FGD4, and Rac1 contributes to impaired neutrophil migration in MDS.
Assuntos
Quimiotaxia de Leucócito , MicroRNAs/imunologia , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/imunologia , Ativação de Neutrófilo , Neutrófilos/fisiologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Proliferação de Células , Quimiotaxia/imunologia , Feminino , Fatores de Troca do Nucleotídeo Guanina/deficiência , Fatores de Troca do Nucleotídeo Guanina/genética , Fatores de Troca do Nucleotídeo Guanina/imunologia , Fatores de Troca do Nucleotídeo Guanina/metabolismo , Células HL-60 , Humanos , Interleucina-8/imunologia , Masculino , MicroRNAs/genética , MicroRNAs/fisiologia , Proteínas dos Microfilamentos/deficiência , Proteínas dos Microfilamentos/genética , Proteínas dos Microfilamentos/metabolismo , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neutrófilos/imunologia , RNA Interferente Pequeno , Proteína cdc42 de Ligação ao GTP/genética , Proteína cdc42 de Ligação ao GTP/imunologia , Proteínas rac1 de Ligação ao GTP/genética , Proteínas rac1 de Ligação ao GTP/imunologiaAssuntos
Hepatite C/complicações , Linfoma/diagnóstico , Linfoma/etiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Biomarcadores , Biópsia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Hepatite C/diagnóstico , Hepatite C/epidemiologia , Humanos , Japão/epidemiologia , Linfoma/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gradação de Tumores , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Razão de Chances , Vigilância da PopulaçãoRESUMO
Although increased TNF-α has been considered to cause ineffective hematopoiesis in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), the mechanisms of TNF-α elevation are not known. We recently found that c-Fos mRNA stabilization under translation-inhibiting stimuli was impaired in MDS-derived neutrophilic granulocytes. In the current study, we identified overexpression of c-Fos-targeting miR-34a and miR-155 as the cause of impairment. Expression levels of miR-34a but not miR-155 inversely correlated with ratios of c-Fos-positive cells in MDS-derived CD16+ neutrophils (r = -0.618, P<0.05), which were analyzed by flow cytometry. Among the seventeen patients, c-Fos was detectable in less than 60% of CD16+ cells in eight patients (Group A), while five (Group B) expressed c-Fos in more than 80% of CD16+ cells, which was consistent with the controls (88.6 ± 7.8%). Group A-derived granulocytes secreted more TNF-α in response to 1 µM LPS for 3 hours (735.4 ± 237.5 pg/mL) than Group B (143.5 ± 65.7 pg/mL, P<0.05) and healthy controls (150.8 ± 91.5 pg/mL, P<0.05). Knockdown of c-Fos in neutrophil-like differentiated HL60 increased the binding of NF-κB p65 to the promoter region of TNF-α DNA. Thus, c-Fos reduction via overexpression of miR-34a contributes to TNF-α overproduction under inflammatory stimuli in MDS.
Assuntos
Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , MicroRNAs/genética , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-fos/antagonistas & inibidores , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Granulócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Granulócitos/metabolismo , Granulócitos/patologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/genética , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/imunologia , NF-kappa B/genética , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Neutrófilos/efeitos dos fármacos , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Neutrófilos/patologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-fos/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-fos/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
There have been no studies on the distribution of causes of macrocytic anemia with respect to mean corpuscular volume (MCV) cutoff values. We retrospectively investigated the causes of macrocytic anemia (MCV ≥100 fL) among 628 patients who visited the outpatient hematology clinic in Tohoku University Hospital. To ensure data validity, we also analyzed data from 307 patients in eight other hospitals in the Tohoku district. The leading causes of macrocytic anemia (number of patients, %) were myelodysplastic syndromes (121, 19.3 %), suspected bone marrow failure syndromes (BMF; 74, 11.8 %), aplastic anemia (51, 8.1 %), plasma cell dyscrasia (45, 7.2 %), and vitamin B12 deficiency (40, 6.4 %) in Tohoku University Hospital. We made three primary findings as follows. First, the most common cause of macrocytic anemia is BMF. Second, lymphoid and solid malignancies are also common causes of macrocytosis. Third, macrocytic anemia may be classified into three groups: Group 1 (megaloblastic anemia and medications), which can exceed MCV 130 fL; Group 2 (alcoholism/liver disease, BMF, myeloid malignancy, and hemolytic anemia), which can exceed MCV 114 fL; and Group 3 (lymphoid malignancy, chronic renal failure, hypothyroidism, and solid tumors), which does not exceed MCV 114 fL. These conclusions were supported by the results from eight other hospitals.
Assuntos
Anemia Macrocítica/etiologia , Anemia Aplástica , Anemia Macrocítica/sangue , Anemia Macrocítica/classificação , Anemia Macrocítica/patologia , Anemia Megaloblástica , Doenças da Medula Óssea , Transtornos da Insuficiência da Medula Óssea , Índices de Eritrócitos , Hemoglobinúria Paroxística , Humanos , Neoplasias/complicações , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a clinical challenge, but its relationship to clinicopathologic features and the risk of progression to malignant lymphoma (ML) are poorly defined. We estimated the prevalence of HBV infection of 1,358 patients with newly diagnosed ML. HBV infection was more prevalent in ML than in control patients. The occult HBV infection group had a higher median onset age, no liver or spleen involvement, and higher prevalence of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma than the other groups, indicating that occult HBV infection is a distinct clinicopathologic entity. J. Med. Virol. 88:2206-2210, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.