Jaboticaba peel improves postprandial glucose and inflammation: A randomized controlled trial in adults with metabolic syndrome.

The modulation of glucose metabolism through dietary sources has been recognized as 1 of the most sustainable approaches for preventing of cardiometabolic diseases. Although fibers and phenolic compounds derived from jaboticaba (Plinia jaboticaba) peel have demonstrated improvements in metabolic pathways in preclinical models, their beneficial effects in clinical trials remain to be fully determined. This study aimed to assess the impact of jaboticaba peel (JP) powder supplementation on glucose metabolism compared with a placebo in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS). A single-blind, parallel, randomized, placebo-controlled trial involving 49 individuals with MetS was conducted. Participants were assigned to receive either a JP supplement (15 g/day) or a matched placebo. Anthropometry measurements, body composition, blood pressure, metabolic and inflammatory parameters, and a mixed-meal tolerance test were assessed at weeks 0 and 5. Daily intake of JP improved the area under the curve of glucose (P = .025) and the interleukin-6 (IL-6) (P = .045). No significant time × treatment effects were observed for blood pressure, body weight, body composition, lipid metabolism, glucagon-like peptide-1, inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1ß), C-reactive protein, and insulin sensitivity and resistance indexes. JP supplementation may be a promising approach for managing MetS disorders, potentially by reducing the area under the curve for glucose and the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6. This research is registered at the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (RBR-8wwq9t).

Association of physical activity and sitting with metabolic syndrome and hyperglycemic clamp parameters in adolescents - BRAMS pediatric study.

Introduction: Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) have immediate and long-term consequences on adolescent health and well-being. Among the available treatments for MetS in adolescents, behavioral interventions such as increasing physical activity (PA) are preferred. This study aimed to investigate the association of PA and sitting time with MetS and a complete set of metabolic health parameters. Methods: Data from the Pediatric Brazilian Metabolic Syndrome Study (BRAMS-P), a cross-sectional multicenter study conducted using a convenience sample of 448 Brazilian adolescents (10y-19y), were used. Sociodemographic and lifestyle information were collected using a standardized questionnaire. Daily PA and sitting time were estimated from the International PA Questionnaire. Anthropometric parameters, body composition, and blood pressure were measured by trained researchers. Blood lipids, uric acid, hepatic enzymes, creatinine, glycated hemoglobin, glucose, and insulin were measured in fasting blood samples, and the Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance was calculated. A subsample of 57 adolescents underwent the hyperglycemic clamp protocol. Results: The odds for metabolic syndrome were higher among adolescents who spent >8h sitting (OR (95%CI)=2.11 (1.02 - 4.38)), but not in those classified as active (OR (95%CI)=0.98 (0.42 - 2.26)). Adolescents who spent more time sitting had higher BMI, waist circumference, sagittal abdominal diameter, neck circumference, percentage of body fat, and worse blood lipid profile. The insulin sensitivity index was moderately and positively correlated with moderate-to-high PA in minutes per day (rho=0.29; p=0.047). Conclusion: Time spent sitting was associated with worse metabolic parameters and must be restricted in favor of adolescent health. Regular PA is associated with improved insulin sensitivity and may be encouraged not only in adolescents with obesity or metabolic disorders but also to prevent adverse metabolic outcomes in normal-weight adolescents.

Childhood eating practices are relevant to ultra-processed food consumption in adulthood: results from the Nutritionists' Health Study.

Studies on childhood feeding and current food consumption, according to the NOVA classification, in adults are scarce. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between childhood dietary practices and the current consumption of different categories of processed foods in young adults using data from the Nutritionists' Health Study (NutriHS) cohort. A cross-sectional analysis was performed using data of 392 on nutrition undergraduate students or nutritionists aged ≥18 years. Current food consumption was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire and the NOVA classification. The investigated childhood eating practices included fruit and vegetable intake, exclusive breastfeeding, and other breastfeeding practices. Participants breastfed with introduction of solid, semi-solid or soft foods before 6 months had higher current consumption of processed foods than those who were not breastfed (ß = 4.30; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.56-8.04) and those who did not have the habits of eating fruits and vegetables during childhood consumed less unprocessed and minimally processed foods in adulthood than those who ate fruits and vegetables during infancy (ß = -3.76; 95% CI = -0.82 to -6.70). Further, later introduction of infant formula or other types of milk between 3 and 5 months of age had a lower current consumption of ultra-processed foods than those fed infant formula or other types of milk before 1 month age of life (ß = -3.09; 95% CI = -6.12 to -0.06). In conclusion, childhood feeding practices were linked to food consumption in adult life in NutriHS cohort, highlighting that the first 1000 days of life seems to impact on food choices during adulthood, with potential to protect against nutrition-related diseases later in life.

Nutritional genomics, inflammation and obesity.

The Human Genome Project has significantly broadened our understanding of the molecular aspects regulating the homeostasis and the pathophysiology of different clinical conditions. Consequently, the field of nutrition has been strongly influenced by such improvements in knowledge - especially for determining how nutrients act at the molecular level in different conditions, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. In this manner, characterizing how the genome influences the diet and vice-versa provides insights about the molecular mechanisms involved in chronic inflammation-related diseases. Therefore, the present review aims to discuss the potential application of Nutritional Genomics to modulate obesity-related inflammatory responses. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2020;64(3):205-22.

FADS1 and ELOVL2 polymorphisms reveal associations for differences in lipid metabolism in a cross-sectional population-based survey of Brazilian men and women.

Cardiometabolic risk involves environmental and genetic factors. We aimed to investigate the relationship between plasma fatty acids and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), located in elongase and desaturases genes, and cardiometabolic parameters in a cross-sectional population-based survey. A sample of 226 adults who participated in the Health Survey of Sao Paulo, Brazil, was selected. Clinical and anthropometric variables, plasma lipoprotein, and fatty acid were evaluated. We hypothesized that differences in SNPs could lead to changes in plasma long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. We analyzed the relationship between SNPs in FADS1 (rs174546) and ELOVL2 (rs953413) genes, plasma fatty acid profiles, and cardiometabolic-related phenotypes using multiple linear regression, which was adjusted for confounders. Plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly lower in carriers of the T allele for the FADS1 SNP. Plasma oleic acid levels were statistically higher in individuals with CT/TT genotypes in the FADS1 and AG/GG genotypes in the ELOVL2 SNPs in comparison to the CC and AA genotypes, respectively. Higher levels of linoleic and linolenic acid were found for T-allele carriers of FADS1 SNP. The estimated activity of the stearoyl CoA desaturase enzyme (SDC_18) was higher in the CT/TT genotypes (FADS1). Delta-5 desaturase estimated activity was statistically lower in the presence of the minor FADS1 allele. The estimated activity of the enzyme delta-6 desaturase was statistically lower for FADS1 CT and TT genotypes. SNPs in FADS1 and ELOVL2 genes showed protective associations for lipid metabolism and could be markers of lower cardiometabolic risk.

Associação de padrões alimentares e de polimorfismos de nucleotídeo único dos genes da adiponectina, receptor do tipo Toll 4, IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α,CCL-2 e proteína C reativa com um padrão inflamatório sistêmico em um estudo de base populacional - ISA-Capital / Dietary patterns and single nucleotide polymorphism in the genes of adiponectin, Toll-like receptor 4, IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, CCL-2 e C-reactive protein and its association with a systemic inflammation score in a population-based study - HS-SP

Introdução: A inflamação crônica, sistêmica e de baixa intensidade, para a qual a dieta é um importante fator de risco, está presente na fisiopatologia de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, as quais figuram entre as principais causas de morte no mundo. Além da dieta isolada, a interação entre os padrões dietéticos e o genoma pode explicar variações na resposta inflamatória entre indivíduos. Objetivo: Verificar a associação de padrões alimentares e de polimorfismos de nucleotídeo único (SNP) presentes nos genes da adiponectina, do receptor do tipo Toll (TLR)-4, da interleucina (IL)-1ß, da IL-6, da IL-10, do fator de necrose tumoral (TNF)-α, da quimiocina ligante de C-C motif (CCL)-2 e da proteína C reativa (PCR) com um escore de inflamação sistêmica. Métodos: Dados secundários de 269 indivíduos adultos (20 a 59 anos) e 172 idosos (60 a 75 anos) do estudo de base populacional ISA-capital, edição de 2008, e 284 adultos e 217 idosos do ISA-capital de 2015 foram utilizados pelo presente estudo. A coleta dos dados dietéticos foi realizada por meio de recordatório de 24 horas, aplicado em duplicata e um questionário de frequência alimentar. A partir do plasma, foram determinadas as concentrações plasmáticas de adiponectina, PCR, IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, IL-12p70, CCL-2, molécula de adesão intercelular solúvel (sICAM)-1 e molécula de adesão celular vascular solúvel (sVCAM)-1, os quais compõem o escore de inflamação sistêmico. A partir do DNA genômico foi realizada a genotipagem de 31 SNP dos genes ADIPOQ, TLR4, IL1B, IL6, IL10, TNFA, CCL2 e CRP pelo sistema Taqman Open Array. Os padrões dietéticos analisados foram o índice de qualidade da dieta revisado (IQD-R) e o padrão empírico de inflamação da dieta (EDIP), o qual foi adaptado para uso na população do ISA-capital (EDIP-SP). Resultados: O escore de inflamação foi associado com perfil lipídico plasmático, glicemia e pressão arterial sistêmica. São fatores associados ao escore de inflamação, em um modelo múltiplo, ter maior índice de massa corporal; ter mais de 50 anos de idade; fazer menos de 150 min/semana de atividade física como meio de transporte; ter menor IQD-R, ter maior EDIP-SP, ser homozigoto selvagem para o SNP TLR4 rs5030728 G>A e para o SNP ADIPOQ rs1501299 G>T após ajuste para uso de medicamento, super- e sub-relato da ingestão energética e fumo. O EDIP-SP, composto por "carnes processadas", "frutas e hortaliças" e "arroz e feijão", foi replicado em uma amostra independente apenas em homens. Nenhuma interação foi encontrada entre os SNP TLR4 rs5030728 G>A e ADIPOQ rs1501299 G>T e os padrões dietéticos IQD-R e EDIP-SP. Conclusão: Maiores escores para o IQD-R, e menores valores para o padrão alimentar EDIP-SP, estão inversamente associados à inflamação sistêmica e de baixa intensidade, independente de outros fatores de risco, na população de adultos da cidade de São Paulo. Os genótipos GG para os SNP TLR4 rs5030728 G>A e ADIPOQ rs1501299 G>T predispõem essa população a maior inflamação sistêmica e de baixa intensidade. Os padrões dietéticos e polimorfismos genéticos não são capazes de modificar os efeitos uns dos outros sobre a inflamação.

Introduction: Chronic and systemic low-grade inflammation, for which diet is an important risk factor, is present in the pathophysiology of chronic non-communicable diseases that are among the main causes of death worldwide. Besides diet, the interaction between dietary patterns and the genome can explain variations in the inflammatory response across individuals. Objective: To verify the association of dietary patterns and single nucleotide polymorphism in the genes of adiponectin, Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4, interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, C-C motif chemokine ligand (CCL)-2 and C-reactive protein (PCR) with a systemic inflammation score. Methods: Secondary data of 269 adults (20 to 59 y.o.) and 172 elderly (60 to 75 y.o.) from the population-based study Health Survey of Sao Paulo (HS-SP), 2008 edition, and 284 adults and 217 elderly individuals from HS-SP 2015 edition were used in the present study. Dietary assessment was done through two 24-hour recalls and one validated food frequency questionnaire. From the blood, plasma concentration of adiponectin, CRP, IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, IL-12p70, CCL-2, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM)-1 and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule (sVCAM)-1 were determined, all of which composed the systemic inflammation score. From extracted DNA, 31 SNPs in ADIPOQ, TLR4, IL1B, IL6, IL10, TNFA, CCL2 e CRP genes were genotypes using the Taqman Open Array system. The two analyzed dietary patterns were the Brazilian Health Eating Index-revised (IQD-R) and the Empirical Dietary Inflammatory Pattern (EDIP), which was further adapted to be used in the Sao Paulo population (EDIP-SP). Results: The systemic inflammation score was associated with blood lipid levels, glycemia and blood pressure. The systemic inflammatory score independently associated factors were: having higher BMI; being in the highest category of age (> 50 years); doing less than 150min/week of commuting physical; having lower IQD-R and higher EDIP-SP, being GG homozygous for SNP TLR4 rs5030728 G>A e and SNP ADIPOQ rs1501299 G>T, even after adjustments for medication use, misreporting of energy intake and smoking status. EDIP-SP, composed of "processed meat", "fruits and vegetables" and "rice and beans" groups, was replicated only in men. No interaction was observed between SNP TLR4 rs5030728 G>A and ADIPOQ rs1501299 G>T and the dietary patterns, IQD-R and EDIP-SP. Conclusion: Higher score for IQD-R, and a lower score for EDIP-SP, were inversely associated with systemic low-grade inflammation, independently of confounders, in the Sao Paulo population. The GG genotype for SNP TLR4 rs5030728 G>A and for ADIPOQ rs1501299 G>T predispose this population to systemic low-grade inflammation. Neither the dietary patterns nor the SNP modify the effect of one another on inflammation.

Lipid metabolism genetic risk score interacts with the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index Revised and its components to influence the odds for dyslipidemia in a cross-sectional population-based survey in Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Dyslipidemia can be influenced by genetic and dietary risk factors. AIM: This study set out to investigate diet and genetic variations in Brazilian people in a cross-sectional population-based survey and to analyze the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of genes involved in lipid metabolism and cardiometabolic-related phenotypes using a genetic risk score (GRS). METHODS: We recruited 228 adults (mean age 36.5 years) who participated in the Health Survey of São Paulo (HS-SP), Brazil. Clinical and anthropometric parameters, as well as the interaction between the GRS and the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index Revised (BHEI-R) were evaluated. We analyzed the relationship between SNPs in APOA5 (rs662799), APOB (rs693, rs1367117), LDLR (rs688, rs5925) and LIPC (rs2070895, rs1800588) and cardiometabolic-related phenotypes using a GRS. RESULTS: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) levels were associated with the BHEI-R ( p=0.026; ß= -0.183) and with its SoFAAS component (solid fats, alcoholic beverages and added sugars) ( p=0.007; ß=0.279). Non-HDL cholesterol levels were associated with the BHEI-R vegetable component ( p=0.015; ß=0.002) and the meat, eggs and beans component ( p=0.003; ß=0.007). Triacylglycerol levels were associated with the BHEI-R vegetable component ( p=0.027; ß=0.003); the meat, eggs and beans component ( p=0.041; ß=0.001); and the total protein component ( p=0.013; ß=0.032). Significant effects were observed for the interactions between the GRS and both the BHEI-R oils component ( p=0.019) and the SoFAAS component ( p<0.001) on the dyslipidemia risk. CONCLUSIONS: The evaluation of dietary quality, especially fat quality, together with the lipid metabolism GRS could be a useful tool to manage cardiometabolic risk.

The association between genetic risk score and blood pressure is modified by coffee consumption: Gene-diet interaction analysis in a population-based study.

BACKGROUND & AIM: Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with high blood pressure (BP). However, whether coffee consumption interacts with the genetic variants related to BP is yet unclear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate whether the association between genetic risk core (GRS) and blood pressure was modified by usual coffee consumption. METHODS: Data were from the 'Health Survey of São Paulo' a cross-sectional population-based survey, among 533 participants aged 20 years or older. Coffee consumption was estimated by two 24-h dietary recalls and categorized into <1, 1-3, and >3 cups/day. The GRS was calculated based on SNPs in previous GWAS [CYP1A1/CYP1A2 (rs2470893, rs2472297); CPLX3/ULK3 (rs6495122); MTHFR (rs17367504)]. Multiple logistic regression analysis were performed to estimate the associations between GRS with high BP, and both, high systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP); and the multiplicative interaction term between the GRS and coffee consumption were tested by including in the models. RESULTS: Higher GRS independently contributed to higher probability of elevated BP, SBP and DBP in this population (OR = 1.85, 95%CI = 1.19-2.87; OR = 2.30, 95%CI = 1.32-4.01 and OR = 1.66, 95%CI = 1.10-2.51; respectively). Moreover, there were a significant interaction effects for coffee consumption and GRS on the high BP, SBP and DBP. Individuals with higher BP increasing alleles in the GRS had a significantly high BP (OR = 5.09, 95%CI = 1.32-19.7), and both elevated SBP and DBP (OR = 2.14, 95%CI = 1.12-4.11; OR = 3.54, 95%CI = 1.17-10.75), among those with high coffee consumption (>3 cups coffee/day). CONCLUSIONS: Consumption of coffee could interact with genetic predisposition in relation to BP. Thus, the GRS for high BP is modified by coffee consumption. Individuals with greater GRS appeared to have high BP associated with higher coffee consumption, highlighting the particular importance to reduce coffee intake in individuals genetically predisposed to this cardiovascular disease risk factor.

Plasma fatty acids: Biomarkers of dietary intake?

OBJECTIVE: To our knowledge, there is currently no consensus in the literature on the association between dietary fatty acids and circulating levels in plasma. The aim of this study was to assess the association of the intake of fatty acids with their relative plasma concentrations. METHODS: We conducted a study with 300 adults from the population-based health survey in São Paulo city (ISA-Capital 2008). We assessed demographic, lifestyle and anthropometric data, biochemical measurements, and two 24-h dietary recalls collected on non-consecutive days. Intake distribution was adjusted for intrapersonal variance to give usual dietary intake using the multiple source method (MSM). Percentage of fatty acids in plasma were analyzed by gas chromatography. The κ statistic, Spearman's correlation, and multiple linear regression (adjusted for confounders) and ratio limits of agreement were employed to determine the relationship between plasma and dietary measurements. RESULTS: Low correlation and agreement were found between dietary and plasma fatty acids. Docosahexaenoic acid (ß = 0.25; P < 0.001) and saturated (ß = 0.19; P = 0.048) fatty acids exhibited an association for means of intake adjusted by the MSM and for confounding variables. A large mean difference, with a large variation of "ratio limits," were observed between the measurements. CONCLUSION: Plasma and dietary polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids exhibited low correlation and agreement, as well as weak association between each other. No association between intake and plasma concentrations of monounsaturated fat was found. Plasma fatty acids are not good biomarkers of food intake.

Peptidylarginine deiminase 4 concentration, but not PADI4 polymorphisms, is associated with ICU mortality in septic shock patients.

The objective of our study was to evaluate the association between peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) concentration and its polymorphisms with mortality in patients with septic shock. We prospectively evaluated 175 patients aged over 18 years with septic shock upon intensive care unit (ICU) admission. However, 48 patients were excluded. Thus, 127 patients were enrolled in the study. At the time of the patients' enrollment, demographic information was recorded. Blood samples were taken within the first 24 hours of the patient's admission to determine serum PAD4 concentrations and its polymorphism PADI4_89 [rs11203366], PADI4_94 [rs2240340] and PADI4_104 [rs1748033]. The mean age was 63.3 ± 15.2 years, 56.7% were male, PAD4 concentration was 4.62 (2.48-6.20) ng/mL and the ICU mortality rate was 67.7%. The patients who died in the ICU had higher APACHE II and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores. In addition, PAD4 concentration was higher in patients who died during ICU stay. However, there were no differences regarding PADI4 polymorphisms and ICU mortality. In the logistic regression models, PAD4 concentrations were associated with ICU mortality when adjusted for APACHE II score and lactate (OR: 1.477; CI 95%: 1.186-1.839; P < .001), and when adjusted for age, gender and APACHE II score (OR: 1.392; CI 95%: 1.145-1.692; P < .001). In conclusion, PAD4 concentration, but not PADI4_89, PADI4_94 and PADI4_104 polymorphisms, is associated with ICU mortality in septic shock patients.

Erythrocyte SOD1 activity, but not SOD1 polymorphisms, is associated with ICU mortality in patients with septic shock.

The objective of our study was to evaluate the influence of the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) polymorphisms on erythrocyte SOD1 activity and the mortality of patients with septic shock. We prospectively evaluated 175 patients aged over 18 years with septic shock upon ICU admission. However, 38 patients were excluded. Thus, 137 patients were enrolled in the study. Blood samples were taken within the first 24 h of the patient's admission to determine erythrocyte SOD1 activity and nine SOD1 gene polymorphisms. The mean patient age was 63 ±â€¯16 years, 58% were men, and ICU mortality rate was 66%. The patients who died were older and more severely ill, with higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores, as well as higher lactate, urea, and protein carbonyl levels. In the logistic regression model, erythrocyte SOD1 activity was associated with ICU mortality. This relationship was also maintained in the highest tertile of SOD1 activity (odds ratio [OR]: 0.02; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.00-0.78; p = 0.037). Only SNP rs2070424 of the SOD1 gene influenced erythrocyte SOD1 activity. For patients with the AA allele, the activity of SOD1 was lower in relation to G-carriers (A/G+G/G genotype) (p = 0.019). None of the nine SOD1 SNPs were associated with ICU mortality. In conclusion, the SNP rs2070424 of the SOD1 gene interferes with erythrocyte SOD1 activity, and higher activity of SOD1 was associated with decreased mortality in patients with septic shock.

Dairy consumption and inflammatory profile: A cross-sectional population-based study, São Paulo, Brazil.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between dairy product consumption and plasma inflammatory biomarkers levels among a representative sample of Brazilian adults from São Paulo City. METHODS: Data were acquired from the Health Survey for São Paulo, a cross-sectional population-based study. All individuals 20 to 59 y of age with complete food consumption information (24-h dietary recall and food frequency questionnaire) and blood sample analysis were included (N = 259). The sample was separated into two groups according to systemic inflammatory pattern considering plasma levels of C-reactive protein; tumor necrosis factor-α; soluble intracellular adhesion molecule; soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule, monocyte chemoattractant protein; interleukin-1ß, -6, -8, -10, and -12; adiponectin; leptin; and homocysteine. Multiple logistic regression tests were conducted to estimate the odds ratio for the inflammatory cluster across tertiles of dairy consumption. RESULTS: When adjusted by age, smoking status, and energy intake the odds ratio for the inflammatory cluster group in the highest tertile of yogurt consumption was 0.34 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.14-0.81) relative to the reference tertile, demonstrating also a linear effect (Ptrend = 0.015). Cheese consumption exhibited an odds ratio of 2.49 (95% CI, 1.09-5.75) relative to the reference. CONCLUSIONS: Increasing yogurt consumption might have a protective effect on inflammation, whereas cheese consumption appears to be associated with a proinflammatory status. The results of the present study aggregate a new perspective on existing evidence demonstrating the importance of assessing the contribution of dairy products on diet and their effect on the development of non-communicable diseases and associated risk factors.

Influence of toll-like receptor 4 gene variants and plasma fatty acid profile on systemic inflammation: A population-based cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) gene single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and plasma fatty acid (FA) profile in modulating risk for systemic inflammation. METHODS: In all, 262 adult (19-59 y) participants of the Health Survey of São Paulo met the inclusion criteria. Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, plasma inflammatory biomarker concentration, and fatty acid profile were measured and four SNPs of the TLR4 gene (rs4986790, rs4986791, rs11536889, and rs5030728) were genotyped. Multivariate cluster analysis was performed to stratify individuals based on levels of 11 plasma inflammatory biomarkers into two groups: inflammatory (INF) and noninflammatory (NINF). RESULTS: No association was found between any of the SNPs studied and systemic inflammation. The INF cluster had higher palmitic acid levels (P = 0.039) and estimated stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase activity (P = 0.045) and lower polyunsaturated fatty acid (P = 0.011), ω-6 fatty acid (P = 0.018), arachidonic acid (P = 0.002) levels, and estimated δ-5 desaturase activity (P = 0.025) compared with the NINF cluster. Statistically significant interaction between rs11536889 and arachidonic acid/eicosapentaenoic acid (AA/EPA) ratio (P = 0.034) was found to increase the odds of belonging to the INF cluster when individuals had the variant allele C and were at the higher percentile of AA/EPA plasma ratio. CONCLUSION: Plasma fatty acid profile modulated the odds of belonging to the INF cluster depending on genotypes of TRL4 gene polymorphisms.

Associação entre polimorfismos de nucleotídeo único relacionados aos genes da adiponectina, receptor do tipo Toll 4, IL-1 e IL-6 e ingestão de lipídios e seus efeitos sobre um padrão inflamatório sistêmico em um estudo de base populacional-ISA-Capital / Association between single nucleotide plymorphisms in the genes of adiponectin, Toll like receptor-4, IL-1 and IL-6 and dietary fatty acids and their effects to a systemic inflammatory pattern at a population-based study ISA-Capital

Evidências experimentais, epidemiológicas e clínicas mostram o papel da inflamação na patogênese de desordens metabólicas, sendo a modulação da resposta inflamatória associada a quantidade e a qualidade dos ácidos graxos (AG) da dieta. Polimorfismos de nucleotídeo único (SNP) podem influenciar a relação entre AG e concentração plasmática de biomarcadores inflamatórios. Objetivo: Verificar a associação de SNP relacionados aos genes da adiponectina, Receptor do tipo Toll (TLR)-4, interleucina (IL)-1 e IL-6 e ingestão de lipídios com um padrão inflamatório sistêmico, baseado na concentração plasmática de onze biomarcadores inflamatórios em estudo de base populacional ISA-Capital. Metodologia: O presente estudo compreende adultos (20 a 59 anos) do estudo de base populacional, ISA-capital 2008-2010 (n=302). A coleta dos dados dietéticos foi realizada por meio de recordatório de 24 horas, aplicado em duplicata. A partir do plasma, foram determinadas as concentrações plasmáticas de adiponectina, proteína C reativa (PCR), IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, fator de necrose tumoral-alfa, IL- 12p70, Quimiocina C-C motif ligante (CCL) 2, molécula de adesão intercelular solúvel (sICAM)-1 e molécula de adesão celular vascular solúvel (sVCAM)-1, por meio da técnica multiplex de imunoensaio, e o perfil de ácidos graxos (AG) do plasma por cromatografia gasosa. A partir do DNA genômico foi realizada a genotipagem dos SNP relacionados aos genes da adiponectina (rs266729, rs17300539, rs16861209, rs1501299 e rs2241766), TLR4 (rs4986790, rs4686791, rs5030728, rs11536889), IL-1 (rs1143623, rs16944, rs1143627, rs1143634 e rs1143643) e da IL-6 (rs1800795, rs1800796, rs1800797) pelo sistema Taqman Open Array. Uma análise multivariada de Cluster (k-means) foi realizada para separar os indivíduos legíveis entre grupo inflamado (INF), n=93, e grupo não inflamado (NINF),n=169, segundo a concentração plasmática dos onze 8 biomarcadores inflamatórios avaliados...

Experimental, epidemiological and clinical evidences point to a pathogenic role of inflammation on metabolic disorders development, and to the relationship between this inflammatory response and the quantity and quality of dietary fatty acids. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) can modulate the relationship between fatty acids and plasma inflammatory biomarkers levels. Objective: To verify the association between SNP in the genes of adiponectin, TLR- 4, IL-1 and IL-6 and dietary fatty acids and their effects to a systemic inflammatory pattern at a population-based study ISA-Capital. Methods: This study sample was composed by adults (20 to 59 years), participants of the population-based study ISAcapital 2008-2010 (n=302). Dietary data was collected using two 24 hours dietary recall. Plasma concentration of adiponectin, C reactive protein, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL- 10, tumor necrosis factor-alfa, IL-12p70, Chemokine C-C motif ligand (CCL) 2, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM)-1 and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule (sVCAM)-1 was determined by multiplex immunoassay. Plasma FA profile was determined by gas chromatography. SNP from adiponectin (rs266729, rs17300539, rs16861209, rs1501299 e rs2241766), TLR4 (rs4986790, rs4686791, rs5030728, rs11536889), IL-1 (rs1143623, rs16944, rs1143627, rs1143634 e rs1143643) and IL-6 (rs1800795, rs1800796, rs1800797) gene were genotyped by Taqman Open Array system. A Cluster multivariate analysis (k-means) was conducted to separate individual into inflammatory group (INF), n=93, and noninflammatory group (NINF), n=169, according to eleven inflammatory biomarkers plasma levels...

Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) modulates NF-kappaB pathway and AKT expression in the liver of rats fed on a high-fat diet.

To investigate the effect of Yerba Mate (YM) aqueous extract intake on the NF-kB pathway and AKT expression in the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue of rats submitted to a high-fat diet (HFD). Male Wistar rats were fed a control (CON) (n = 24) or a HFD (n = 24) for 12 weeks. Afterwards, rats received YM daily (1 g/kg body weight) for 4 weeks. Intake of YM aqueous extract reduced body weight gain (p < 0.05) and total blood cholesterol (p < 0.05) in the HFD group in comparison to the non-treated HFD group. HFD group demonstrated an increased glycemic response at 5 and 10 min after insulin injection. YM decreased the ratio between phosphorylated and total kinase inhibitor of κB (IKK), increased the ratio of phosphorylated to total form of protein kinase B (AKT) and reduced NF-κB phosphorylation in the liver of the HFD group. Our data suggest a beneficial role of YM in improving metabolic dysfunctions induced by HFD.