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1.
Int J Drug Policy ; 131: 104547, 2024 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39159532

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The ongoing overdose crisis in Canada has prompted efforts to increase access to a "safer supply" of prescribed alternatives to the unregulated drug supply. While safer supply programs predominantly distribute hydromorphone tablets, the Safer Alternatives for Emergency Response (SAFER) program in Vancouver, Canada offers a range of prescribed alternatives, including fentanyl patches. However, little is known about the effectiveness of fentanyl patches as safer supply. Drawing on the perspectives and experiences of program participants, we sought to qualitatively evaluate the effectiveness of the SAFER fentanyl patch program in meeting its intended aims, including reducing risk of overdose by decreasing reliance on the unregulated drug supply. METHODS: As part of a larger mixed-methods evaluation of SAFER, semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 17 fentanyl patch program participants between February 2022 and April 2023. Thematic analysis of interview data focused on program engagement, experiences, impacts, and challenges. RESULTS: The flexible program structure, including lack of need for daily dispensation, the extended missed dose protocol, and community pharmacy patch distribution fostered engagement and enhanced autonomy. Improved management of withdrawal symptoms and cravings due to steady transdermal dosing led to reduced unregulated drug use and overdose risk. Participants also experienced economic benefits and improvements in overall health and quality of life. However, skin irritation and patch adhesion issues were key barriers to program retention. CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate the value of including fentanyl patch safer supply in the substance use continuum of care and offer insights for innovations in delivery of this intervention.


Assuntos
Overdose de Drogas , Fentanila , Adesivo Transdérmico , Fentanila/administração & dosagem , Fentanila/provisão & distribuição , Fentanila/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Overdose de Drogas/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Masculino , Adulto , Canadá , Analgésicos Opioides/administração & dosagem , Analgésicos Opioides/efeitos adversos , Analgésicos Opioides/provisão & distribuição , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Opioides/prevenção & controle , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Colúmbia Britânica , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Entrevistas como Assunto , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde
2.
BMC Health Serv Res ; 24(1): 266, 2024 Mar 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38429744

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Indigenous people who use unregulated drugs (IPWUD) face significant barriers to care, including sparse availability of culturally safe health services. Integrating Indigenous traditional and cultural treatments (TCT) into health service delivery is one way to enhance culturally safe care. In a Canadian setting that implemented cultural safety reforms, we sought to examine the prevalence and correlates of client perceptions of primary care provider awareness of TCT among IPWUD. METHODS: Data were derived from two prospective cohort studies of PWUD in Vancouver, Canada between December 2017 and March 2020. A generalized linear mixed model with logit-link function was used to identify longitudinal factors associated with perceived provider awareness of TCT. RESULTS: Among a sample of 507 IPWUD who provided 1200 survey responses, a majority (n = 285, 56%) reported their primary care provider was aware of TCT. In multiple regression analyses, involvement in treatment decisions always (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 3.6; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.6-7.8), involvement in treatment decisions most or some of the time (AOR = 3.3; 95% CI: 1.4-7.7), comfort with provider or clinic (AOR = 2.7; 95% CI: 1.5-5.0), and receiving care from a social support worker (AOR = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.0-2.1) were positively associated with provider awareness of TCT. CONCLUSION: We found high levels of perceived provider awareness of TCT and other domains of culturally safe care within a cohort of urban IPWUD. However, targeted initiatives that advance culturally safe care are required to improve healthcare and health outcomes for IPWUD, who continue to bear a disproportionate burden of substance use harms.


Assuntos
Atenção à Saúde , Povos Indígenas , Humanos , Canadá/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Inquéritos e Questionários
3.
Harm Reduct J ; 20(1): 135, 2023 09 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37715202

RESUMO

Meaningful engagement and partnerships with people who use drugs are essential to conducting research that is relevant and impactful in supporting desired outcomes of drug consumption as well as reducing drug-related harms of overdose and COVID-19. Community-based participatory research is a key strategy for engaging communities in research that directly affects their lives. While there are growing descriptions of community-based participatory research with people who use drugs and identification of key principles for conducting research, there is a gap in relation to models and frameworks to guide research partnerships with people who use drugs. The purpose of this paper is to provide a framework for research partnerships between people who use drugs and academic researchers, collaboratively developed and implemented as part of an evaluation of a provincial prescribed safer supply initiative introduced during dual public health emergencies (overdose and COVID-19) in British Columbia, Canada. The framework shifts from having researchers choose among multiple models (advisory, partnership and employment) to incorporating multiple roles within an overall community-based participatory research approach. Advocacy by and for drug users was identified as a key role and reason for engaging in research. Overall, both academic researchers and Peer Research Associates benefited within this collaborative partnerships approach. Each offered their expertise, creating opportunities for omni-directional learning and enhancing the research. The shift from fixed models to flexible roles allows for a range of involvement that accommodates varying time, energy and resources. Facilitators of involvement include development of trust and partnering with networks of people who use drugs, equitable pay, a graduate-level research assistant dedicated to ongoing orientation and communication, technical supports as well as fluidity in roles and opportunities. Key challenges included working in geographically dispersed locations, maintaining contact and connection over the course of the project and ensuring ongoing sustainable but flexible employment.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Overdose de Drogas , Humanos , Emergências , Saúde Pública , Overdose de Drogas/prevenção & controle , Pesquisa Participativa Baseada na Comunidade , Colúmbia Britânica
4.
Harm Reduct J ; 19(1): 125, 2022 11 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36397146

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Settings throughout Canada and the USA continue to experience crises of overdose death due to the toxic unregulated drug supply. Injecting drugs alone limits the potential for intervention and has accounted for a significant proportion of overdose deaths, yet the practice remains understudied. We sought to examine the practice of injecting alone among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Vancouver, Canada. METHODS: Data were derived from two prospective cohorts of people who use drugs between June 2016 and November 2018. This analysis was restricted to participants who, in the previous 6 months, reported any injection drug use. Rates of injecting alone were categorized as always, usually, sometimes, or occasionally. We fit a multivariable generalized linear mixed model to identify factors associated with injecting drugs alone. RESULTS: Among 1070 PWID who contributed 3307 observations, 931 (87%) reported injecting alone at least once during the study period. In total, there were 729 (22%) reports of always injecting alone, 722 (21.8%) usually, 471 (14.2%) sometimes, 513 (15.5%) occasionally, and 872 (26.4%) never. In a multivariable model, factors positively associated with injecting drugs alone included male sex (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.69; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20-2.37), residence in the Downtown Eastside neighbourhood (AOR 1.43; 95% CI 1.08-1.91), binge drug use (AOR 1.36; 95% CI 1.08-1.72), and experiencing physical or sexual violence or both (AOR 1.43; 95% CI 1.00-2.03). Protective factors included Indigenous ancestry (AOR 0.71; 95% CI 0.52-0.98) and being in a relationship (AOR 0.30; 95% CI 0.23-0.39). CONCLUSION: We observed that injecting alone, a key risk for overdose mortality, was common among PWID in Vancouver. Our findings underline the need for additional overdose prevention measures that are gender-specific, culturally appropriate, violence- and trauma-informed, and available to those who inject alone.


Assuntos
Overdose de Drogas , Abuso de Substâncias por Via Intravenosa , Masculino , Humanos , Abuso de Substâncias por Via Intravenosa/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Overdose de Drogas/epidemiologia , Canadá/epidemiologia , Trabalho Sexual
6.
Int J Drug Policy ; 84: 102873, 2020 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32731111

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Illicit drug use is associated with severe health-related harms, yet people who use drugs (PWUD) face substantial barriers to healthcare. We sought to identify factors associated with disclosure of drug use to a healthcare provider and describe differences in self-reported quality of care received based on disclosure status. METHODS: A client-reported experience questionnaire on healthcare access and quality, adapted from the World Health Organization Survey on Health and Health System Responsiveness, was administered within two ongoing prospective cohort studies of PWUD in Vancouver, Canada. Respondents not currently receiving addiction treatment were asked about experience of care and drug use disclosure to their most commonly accessed outpatient healthcare provider in the past 6 months. We used an adjusted logistic regression model to identify client characteristics associated with disclosure. RESULTS: From a total of 261 respondents (34.1% female), less than half (n = 125, 47.8%) reported disclosing drug use to their healthcare provider. Indigenous participants were less likely to disclose compared to non-Indigenous participants (adjusted OR: 0.55, 95% confidence interval: 0.30, 0.97). Disclosure was associated with lower self-reported quality of care (overall rating: disclosed 8.2 vs. did not disclose 8.8, p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: In a sample of PWUD accessing outpatient healthcare services, we observed low rates of drug use disclosure, particularly for Indigenous respondents, and reduced quality of care for those who disclosed. These findings highlight the need for culturally safe and non-stigmatizing care to address pervasive stereotyping in the healthcare system and improved screening for substance use disorder in outpatient healthcare services.


Assuntos
Usuários de Drogas , Preparações Farmacêuticas , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias , Canadá , Revelação , Feminino , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Pacientes Ambulatoriais , Estudos Prospectivos
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