MetaZooGene Atlas and Database: Reference Sequences for Marine Ecosystems.

The MetaZooGene Atlas and Database (MZGdb; https://metazoogene.org/mzgdb/ ) is an open-access data and metadata portal synchronized with the NCBI GenBank and BOLD data repositories. The MZGdb includes sequences for genes used for the classification and identification of marine organisms based on DNA barcoding and metabarcoding. The focus of the MZGdb is biodiversity of marine ecosystems, including phytoplankton and microbes, zooplankton and invertebrates, fish, and other marine vertebrates (pinnipeds, cetaceans, and sea turtles). DNA sequences currently included are mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI), 12S, and 16S rRNA, and nuclear 18S and 28S rRNA. The MZGdb provides data and mapping tools for assembling and downloading compilations of reference sequence data that are specific to selected genes, taxonomic groups, and/or ocean regions. An additional feature of the MZGdb is the Atlas which summarizes data coverage and proportional completeness based on statistics of species with available sequences versus species commonly found in each ocean region.This chapter is a collaborative effort of the Scientific Committee for Ocean Research (SCOR) Working Group WG157: MetaZooGene: Toward a new global view of marine zooplankton biodiversity based on DNA metabarcoding and reference DNA sequence databases ( https://metazoogene.org ).

Morbidly Obese Patients Undergoing Primary Total Joint Arthroplasty May Experience Higher Rates of Venous Thromboembolism When Prescribed Direct Oral Anticoagulants vs Aspirin.

BACKGROUND: Morbidly obese (body mass index [BMI] >40 kg/m2) patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty (TJA) are at high risk for postoperative venous thromboembolism (VTE); however, there is debate surrounding the optimal pharmacologic agent for prevention of VTE after TJA in this patient subset. Current guidelines recommend against direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in patients of BMI >40 kg/m2 due to low quality evidence justifying their use. We evaluated whether patients of BMI >40 kg/m2 undergoing primary unilateral TJA would have increased risk of postoperative VTE if prescribed DOACs compared to non-DOAC agents such as aspirin. METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed 897 patients of BMI >40 kg/m2 undergoing primary unilateral TJA. Demographic and comorbidity-related variables were collected. The association between postoperative VTE and prophylactic pharmacologic agent prescribed was evaluated by multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: After controlling for comorbidities, we found that the sole use of DOACs, specifically apixaban, for VTE prophylaxis was associated with an increased risk of developing VTE compared to prophylaxis with aspirin alone in patients of BMI >40 kg/m2 (odds ratio 2.962, P = .016). Regardless of VTE prophylactic agent, patients with BMI >40 kg/m2 undergoing TKA had at least 4.5-fold increased odds of developing VTE compared to patients undergoing THA (OR 4.830, P = .019). CONCLUSION: In our retrospective study of a large sample size of patients with BMI >40 kg/m2, we found that the use of DOACs, specifically apixaban, for VTE prophylaxis following TJA was associated with increased odds of a VTE complication compared to the use of aspirin alone.

A database of zooplankton biomass in Australian marine waters.

Zooplankton biomass data have been collected in Australian waters since the 1930s, yet most datasets have been unavailable to the research community. We have searched archives, scanned the primary and grey literature, and contacted researchers, to collate 49187 records of marine zooplankton biomass from waters around Australia (0-60°S, 110-160°E). Many of these datasets are relatively small, but when combined, they provide >85 years of zooplankton biomass data for Australian waters from 1932 to the present. Data have been standardised and all available metadata included. We have lodged this dataset with the Australian Ocean Data Network, allowing full public access. The Australian Zooplankton Biomass Database will be valuable for global change studies, research assessing trophic linkages, and for initialising and assessing biogeochemical and ecosystem models of lower trophic levels.

Impaired dermal microvascular reactivity and implications for diabetic wound formation and healing: an evidence review.

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are among the most consequential and costly complications faced by patients with diabetes and the global healthcare system. Acknowledged risk factors for DFUs include diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), peripheral arterial disease (PAD), microtrauma and foot deformities. Research on additional risk factors for DFUs has recently focused on dysregulated, autonomic vasomotor control in the skin of patients with DPN. In particular, impaired dermal microvascular reactivity (IDMR) with its attendant reduction in nutritive capillary blood flow has been identified as an emerging risk factor. This especially relates to refractory wounds noted in patients without overt PAD signs. In this paper, evidence will be reviewed supporting the evolving understanding of IDMR and its impact on DFU formation and healing. Advances in diagnostic instrumentation driving this research along with the most promising potential therapies aimed at improving microvascular function in the diabetic foot will be discussed in brief.

Biodiversity and ecosystem function in the Gulf of Maine: pattern and role of zooplankton and pelagic nekton.

This paper forms part of a broader overview of biodiversity of marine life in the Gulf of Maine area (GoMA), facilitated by the GoMA Census of Marine Life program. It synthesizes current data on species diversity of zooplankton and pelagic nekton, including compilation of observed species and descriptions of seasonal, regional and cross-shelf diversity patterns. Zooplankton diversity in the GoMA is characterized by spatial differences in community composition among the neritic environment, the coastal shelf, and deep offshore waters. Copepod diversity increased with depth on the Scotian Shelf. On the coastal shelf of the western Gulf of Maine, the number of higher-level taxonomic groups declined with distance from shore, reflecting more nearshore meroplankton. Copepod diversity increased in late summer, and interdecadal diversity shifts were observed, including a period of higher diversity in the 1990s. Changes in species diversity were greatest on interannual scales, intermediate on seasonal scales, and smallest across regions, in contrast to abundance patterns, suggesting that zooplankton diversity may be a more sensitive indicator of ecosystem response to inter annual climate variation than zoo plankton abundance. Local factors such as bathymetry, proximity of the coast, and advection probably drive zooplankton and pelagic nekton diversity patterns in the GoMA, while ocean-basin scale diversity patterns probably contribute to the increase in diversity at the Scotian Shelf break, a zone of mixing between the cold-temperate community of the shelf and the warm-water community offshore. Pressing research needs include establishment of a comprehensive system for observing change in zooplankton and pelagic nekton diversity, enhanced observations of "underknown" but important functional components of the ecosystem, population and metapopulation studies, and development of analytical modeling tools to enhance understanding of diversity patterns and drivers. Ultimately, sustained observations and modeling analysis of biodiversity must be effectively communicated to managers and incorporated into ecosystem approaches for management of GoMA living marine resources.