The contributions of William Money MRCS to smallpox vaccination and control - A little-known story.

This history of vaccinology article outlines the work of William Money (1790-1843), who conducted a study related to smallpox disease, immunity, and vaccination. His hitherto unpublished study demonstrated that smallpox could be contracted more than once; notably, results from his studies showed that vaccination was not dangerous. He was also the author of a celebrated Vade Mecum in human anatomy. Here, we outline the work he conducted in England: from serving as the house surgeon at Northampton Infirmary to his post as a surgeon at the Royal Metropolitan Hospital in London.

Was William Harvey's commitment to experimentation reflected in his clinical practice?

The physician and physiologist Dr William Harvey is known for having discovered that the heart pumps arterial blood round the whole body and receives venous blood from the periphery, which it forwards to the lungs for reoxygenation. Harvey's discovery was based on anatomical and physiological evidence and experiments using ligatures of varying tensions. As a clinician, however, Harvey does not appear to have appreciated the value of experiments in assessing treatment effects. Although he criticised Galenic views about the clinical value of experience and authority in the absence of accompanying empirical evidence, two handwritten prescriptions that he wrote for his friend and future biographer John Aubrey provide evidence that he conformed with Galenic theory when it came to drug therapy in clinical practice. This was consistent with his senior position in the College of Physicians, whose Pharmacopoeia Londinensis was based on Galenic principles, an appreciation of which was required for entry into the College. Harvey's prescriptions reflect this and open a window onto 17th-century therapeutic practice and the personal elements on which such practice was sometimes based.