RESUMO
Immune homeostasis in intestinal tissues depends on the generation of regulatory T (Treg) cells. CD103+ dendritic cells (DCs) acquire microbiota-derived material from the gut lumen for transport to draining lymph nodes and generation of receptor-related orphan γt+ (RORγt+) Helios--induced Treg (iTreg) cells. Here we show CD40-signalling as a microbe-independent signal that can induce migration of CD103+ DCs from the lamina propria (LP) to the mesenteric lymph nodes. Transgenic mice with constitutive CD11c-specific CD40-signalling have reduced numbers of CD103+ DCs in LP and a low frequency of RORγt+Helios- iTreg cells, exacerbated inflammatory Th1/Th17 responses, high titres of microbiota-specific immunoglobulins, dysbiosis and fatal colitis, but no pathology is detected in other tissues. Our data demonstrate a CD40-dependent mechanism capable of abrogating iTreg cell induction by DCs, and suggest that the CD40L/CD40-signalling axis might be able to intervene in the generation of new iTreg cells in order to counter-regulate immune suppression to enhance immunity.
Assuntos
Antígenos CD40/imunologia , Colite/imunologia , Células Dendríticas/imunologia , Transdução de Sinais/imunologia , Linfócitos T Reguladores/imunologia , Animais , Antígenos CD/imunologia , Antígenos CD/metabolismo , Antígenos CD40/genética , Antígenos CD40/metabolismo , Colite/genética , Colite/metabolismo , Células Dendríticas/metabolismo , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/imunologia , Cadeias alfa de Integrinas/imunologia , Cadeias alfa de Integrinas/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Intestinos/imunologia , Intestinos/microbiologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Camundongos Transgênicos , Membro 3 do Grupo F da Subfamília 1 de Receptores Nucleares/imunologia , Membro 3 do Grupo F da Subfamília 1 de Receptores Nucleares/metabolismo , Linfócitos T Reguladores/metabolismo , Células Th1/imunologia , Células Th1/metabolismo , Células Th17/imunologia , Células Th17/metabolismoRESUMO
The number of publications on research of male infertility is increasing. Technologies used in research of male infertility generate complex results and various types of data that need to be appropriately managed, arranged, and made available to other researchers for further use. In our previous study, we collected over 800 candidate loci for male fertility in seven mammalian species. However, the continuation of the work towards a comprehensive database of candidate genes associated with different types of idiopathic human male infertility is challenging due to fragmented information, obtained from a variety of technologies and various omics approaches. Results are published in different forms and usually need to be excavated from the text, which hinders the gathering of information. Standardized reporting of genetic anomalies as well as causative and risk factors of male infertility therefore presents an important issue. The aim of the study was to collect examples of diverse genomic loci published in association with human male infertility and to propose a standardized format for reporting genetic causes of male infertility. From the currently available data we have selected 75 studies reporting 186 representative genomic loci which have been proposed as genetic risk factors for male infertility. Based on collected and formatted data, we suggested a first step towards unification of reporting the genetics of male infertility in original and review studies. The proposed initiative consists of five relevant data types: 1) genetic locus, 2) race/ethnicity, number of participants (infertile/controls), 3) methodology, 4) phenotype (clinical data, disease ontology, and disease comorbidity), and 5) reference. The proposed form for standardized reporting presents a baseline for further optimization with additional genetic and clinical information. This data standardization initiative will enable faster multi-omics data integration, database development and sharing, establishing more targeted hypotheses, and facilitating biomarker discovery.
Assuntos
Fertilidade/genética , Loci Gênicos , Genética Médica/normas , Genômica/normas , Infertilidade Masculina/genética , Publicações Periódicas como Assunto/normas , Medicina Reprodutiva/normas , Projetos de Pesquisa/normas , Estudos de Associação Genética/normas , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Guias como Assunto , Humanos , Infertilidade Masculina/diagnóstico , Infertilidade Masculina/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Fenótipo , Controle de QualidadeRESUMO
Obesity in humans has increased at an alarming rate over the past two decades and has become one of the leading public health problems worldwide. Studies have revealed a large number of genes/markers that are associated with obesity and/or obesity-related phenotypes, indicating an urgent need to develop a central database for helping the community understand the genetic complexity of obesity. In the present study, we collected a total of 1,736 obesity associated loci and created a freely available obesity database, including 1,515 protein-coding genes and 221 microRNAs (miRNAs) collected from four mammalian species: human, cattle, rat, and mouse. These loci were integrated as orthologs on comparative genomic views in human, cattle, and mouse. The database and genomic views are freely available online at: http://www.integratomics-time.com/fat_deposition. Bioinformatics analyses of the collected data revealed some potential novel obesity related molecular markers which represent focal points for testing more targeted hypotheses and designing experiments for further studies. We believe that this centralized database on obesity and adipogenesis will facilitate development of comparative systems biology approaches to address this important health issue in human and their potential applications in animals.