Global Spread, Genetic Differentiation, and Selection of Barley Spot Form Net Blotch Isolates.

Spot form net blotch, caused by Pyrenophora teres f. maculata, is a significant necrotrophic disease of barley that spread worldwide in the twentieth century. Genetic relationships were analyzed to determine the diversity, survival, and dispersal of a diverse collection of 346 isolates from Australia, Southern Africa, North America, Asia Minor, and Europe. The results, based on genome-wide DArTseq data, indicated that isolates from Turkey were the most differentiated with regional sub-structuring, together with individuals closely related to geographically distant genotypes. Elsewhere, population subdivision related to country of origin was evident, although low levels of admixturing was found that may represent rare genotypes or migration from unsampled populations. Canadian isolates were the next most diverged, and Australian and South African the most closely related. With the exception of Turkish isolates, multiple independent Cyp51A mutation events (which confer insensitivity to demethylation inhibitor fungicides) between countries and within regions was evident, with strong selection for a transposable element insertion at the 3' end of the promoter and counterselection elsewhere. Individuals from Western Australia shared genomic regions and Cyp51A haplotypes with South African isolates, suggesting a recent common origin. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license.

Brain metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma- single center experience.

BACKGROUND: Although the most common intracranial neoplasm in the adult population is metastatic tumors, brain metastasis from hepatocellular carcnoma (HCC) are very rare. The aim of this study is to analyze patients with advanced HCC, in order to determine the incidence of brain metastasis and evaluate the clinicopathologic properties. METHODS: The records of HCC patients treated in our university between 2011 and 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. Patient characteristics, symptoms, laboratory data, treatment modalities, and survival after both the diagnosis of HCC and detection of brain metastasis were recorded. RESULTS: Of the 119 hepatocellular carcinoma patients, 34 had metastasis, 8 of which were to the brain. The median time elapsed between the diagnosis of HCC and brain metastasis was 14.6 months and the median overall survival after the detection of brain metastasis was 1.6 months. In 34 patients with metastasis, median survival was 26.2 months for those without brain metastasis, whereas it was 15.8 months for those with brain metastasis (P = 0.460). The survival times after brain metastasis were 11.6 and 3.9 months for the two patients treated with regorafenib and sorafenib after the detection of brain metastasis, respectively. CONCLUSION: In this study, it was found that patients who were clinically eligible to receive tyrosine kinase inhibitors survived longer after the detection of brain metastasis. Our study shows that multidisciplinary evaluation of these patients is vital for treatment guidance, and survival outcomes can be improved with the advancements in surgical and radiotherapy techniques even in patients with poor prognosis.

Wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum) and landraces (Hordeum vulgare) from Turkey contain an abundance of novel Rhynchosporium commune resistance loci.

KEY MESSAGE: Rhynchosporium commune is a globally devastating pathogen of barley. Wild and landrace barley are underutilized, however, contain an abundance of loci that can be used as potential sources of resistance. Rhynchosporium commune, the causal agent of the disease scald or leaf blotch of barley, is a hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen of global importance, responsible for yield losses ranging from 30 to 40% on susceptible varieties. To date, over 150 resistance loci have been characterized in barley. However, due to the suspected location of the R. commune host jump in Europe, European germplasm has been the primary source used to screen for R. commune resistance leaving wild (Hordeum spontaneum) and landrace (H. vulgare) barley populations from the center of origin largely underutilized. A diverse population consisting of 94 wild and 188 barley landraces from Turkey were genotyped using PCR-GBS amplicon sequencing and screened with six Turkish R. commune isolates. The isolates were collected from distinct geographic regions of Turkey with two from the Aegean region, two from central Turkey and two from the Fertile Crescent region. The data set was utilized for association mapping analysis with a total of 21 loci identified, of which 12 were novel, indicating that these diverse primary barley gene pools contain an abundance of novel R. commune resistances that could be utilized for resistance breeding.

Increased levels of cell wall degrading enzymes and peptidases are associated with aggressiveness in a virulent isolate of Pyrenophora teres f. maculata.

Pyrenophora teres f. maculata (Ptm) is a fungal pathogen that causes the spot form of net blotch on barley and leads to economic losses in many of the world's barley-growing regions. Isolates of Ptm exhibit varying levels of aggressiveness that result in quantifiable changes in the severity of the disease. Previous research on plant-pathogen interactions has shown that such divergence is reflected in the proteome and secretome of the pathogen, with certain classes of proteins more prominent in aggressive isolates. Here we have made a detailed comparative analysis of the secretomes of two Ptm isolates, GPS79 and E35 (highly and mildly aggressive, respectively) using a proteomics-based approach. The secretomes were obtained in vitro using media amended with barley leaf sections. Secreted proteins therein were harvested, digested with trypsin, and fractionated offline by HPLC prior to LC-MS in a high-resolution instrument to obtain deep coverage of the proteome. The subsequent analysis used a label-free quantitative proteomics approach with relative quantification of proteins based on precursor ion intensities. A total of 1175 proteins were identified, 931 from Ptm and 244 from barley. Further analysis revealed 160 differentially abundant proteins with at least a two-fold abundance difference between the isolates, with the most enriched in the aggressive GPS79 secretome. These proteins were mainly cell-wall (carbohydrate) degrading enzymes and peptidases, with some oxidoreductases and other pathogenesis-related proteins also identified, suggesting that aggressiveness is associated with an improved ability of GPS79 to overcome cell wall barriers and neutralize host defense responses.

Genome-wide association mapping of Pyrenophora teres f. maculata and Pyrenophora teres f. teres resistance loci utilizing natural Turkish wild and landrace barley populations.

Unimproved landraces and wild relatives of crops are sources of genetic diversity that were lost post domestication in modern breeding programs. To tap into this rich resource, genome-wide association studies in large plant genomes have enabled the rapid genetic characterization of desired traits from natural landrace and wild populations. Wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum), the progenitor of domesticated barley (Hordeum vulgare), is dispersed across Asia and North Africa, and has co-evolved with the ascomycetous fungal pathogens Pyrenophora teres f. teres and P. teres f. maculata, the causal agents of the diseases net form of net blotch and spot form of net blotch, respectively. Thus, these wild and local adapted barley landraces from the region of origin of both the host and pathogen represent a diverse gene pool to identify new sources of resistance, due to millions of years of co-evolution. The barley-P. teres pathosystem is governed by complex genetic interactions with dominant, recessive, and incomplete resistances and susceptibilities, with many isolate-specific interactions. Here, we provide the first genome-wide association study of wild and landrace barley from the Fertile Crescent for resistance to both forms of P. teres. A total of 14 loci, four against P. teres f. maculata and 10 against P. teres f. teres, were identified in both wild and landrace populations, showing that both are genetic reservoirs for novel sources of resistance. We also highlight the importance of using multiple algorithms to both identify and validate additional loci.

The impact of lymph node ratio on overall survival in patients with colorectal cancer.

BACKGROUND: Lymph node metastasis is a predominant prognostic indicator in colorectal cancer. Number of lymph nodes removed surgically was demonstrated to correlate with staging accuracy and oncological outcomes. However, number of lymph nodes removed depends on uncontrolled variables. Therefore, a more reliable prognostic indicator is needed. Calculation of ratio of positive lymph nodes to total number of removed lymph nodes may be an appealing solution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed data of 156 Stage III colorectal cancer patients whom underwent surgery between 2008 and 2015. Patients' demographic characteristics, tumor grade, location, vascular-perineural invasion status, number of removed lymph nodes, and ratio of positive lymph nodes to number of removed lymph nodes were recorded. Spearman correlation analysis was used to determine the correlation coefficient while Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard regression model were performed for the prediction of survival and multivariate analysis, respectively. RESULTS: Number of removed lymph nodes did not correlate with survival, but it was inversely correlated with number of positive lymph nodes. Multivariate analysis showed that ratio of removed positive lymph nodes to the total number of lymph nodes was a significant prognostic factor for survival for a ratio equal or above 0.31 was a poor prognostic indicator (108 months vs. 34 months, hazard ratio: 4.24 [95% confidence interval: 2.15-8.34]; P < 0.019). Tumor characteristics failed to demonstrate any prognostic value. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that positive lymph node ratio (PLNR) is an important prognostic factor for Stage III colorectal cancer. Although 0.31 can be taken as threshold for "PLNR," prospective trials including larger patient groups are needed to validate its role as a prognostic indicator.

Vismodegib Experience in a Renal Transplant Patient With Basal Cell Carcinoma.

The hedgehog inhibitor vismodegib has been tested and suggested as an effective treatment option for cases of locally advanced or metastatic basal cell carcinoma. A 58-year-old female renal transplant patient with recurrent, inoperable basal-cell carcinoma that originated from nasal skin was evaluated by the transplantation counsel. After a multidisciplinary evaluation of the patient, vismodegib at a dose of 150 mg/day was started in February 2018. Her immunosuppressive regimen consisted of mycophenolate mofetil, tacrolimus, and prednisolone. At her last follow-up in July 2019, she remained disease free with no adverse effects that lowered the quality of life. Although experiences on the use of vismodegib's efficacy and safety have been so far limited and consist of case reports in transplant patients, we experienced an excellent cosmetic result with minimal side effects in a renal transplant patient.

Single-Center Experience of Recurrence Patterns and Survival Analyses of Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Liver Transplant.

OBJECTIVES: Hepatocellular carcinoma remains a major health problem with increased rates of mortality. The curative treatment options are resection or liver transplant. Because the Milan criteria are restrictive for candidates, they have been expanded into alternative sets of criteria. We aimed to evaluate our indications for liver transplant and their results for hepatocellular carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between December 1988 and January 2020, we performed 652 liver transplant procedures (443 living donors, 209 deceased donors) at Baskent University (Ankara, Turkey). At Baskent University, we developed liver transplant criteria for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. For our criteria, liver transplant for hepatocellular carcinoma was performed in patients without major vascular invasion and distant metastasis. Clinical data on cancer demographics, recurrence patterns, and survival outcomes were evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS: Of 652 total patients, 49 adult patients (8%) with diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma were included in this study. Median age was 55 years. Hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after liver transplant was detected in 13 patients. Median overall survival was 64.3 months for all study patients; however, median survival was significantly lower in patients who had recurrence (126.3 vs 43.4 mo for nonrecurrent vs recurrent groups; P = .024). In the expanded criteria group (n = 25), 7 patients (28%) had hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence during follow-up, whereas this ratio was 25% (6/24 patients) in the Milan criteria group, with median time to recurrence of 12.6 versus 11.7 months, respectively (not significantly different). CONCLUSIONS: Multidisciplinary treatment modalities, including surgery, interventional radiology techniques, and medical treatments, will probably lead to prolonged survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. According to our center's expanded criteria, recurrence rates and time to recurrence were similar to those shown with the Milan group. We showed that Milan criteria can be safely expanded with promising results even in patients beyond Milan criteria.

Response rates of taxane rechallenge in metastatic breast cancer patients previously treated with adjuvant taxanes.

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of taxane-based regimens in patients with metastatic breast cancer pre-treated with taxanes in adjuvant treatment and also to assess the response rates of taxanes in each treatment line. METHODS: The data of 939 breast cancer patients, who had received adjuvant taxane-based chemotherapy, were reviewed retrospectively. In 191 of them local/distant recurrences were detected. The treatments that were given when metastases occurred and the responses were recorded. Response rates (RRs), clinical benefit rates/CBR (complete response/CR + partial response/ PR + stable disease/SD) and progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) values were determined. RRs to the most frequently used protocols in our institutes (capecitabine- based and taxane-based regimens) were compared. RESULTS: Of 191 patients, 11 didn't receive treatment and for the remaining 180 patients 45 (24%) received taxane-based therapies, 89 (49.4%) received capecitabine-based therapies, 28 (15.6%) received hormonotherapy and 18 (10%) received other chemotherapeutics. The RR for first-line taxane regimen was 58.5%, consisting of 5 CRs (12%) and 19 PRs (46%). Menopausal status, histological grade, estrogen/ progesterone receptors, cerbB2 status, having PFS > or ? 2 years and the site of metastases did not predict response to first-line taxane treatment. For the 2nd and 3rd or later line therapies, RRs of taxane rechallenge were above 40%. CONCLUSION: Rechallenging with taxanes after (neo)adjuvant taxane exposure seems to be a reasonable option even in 3rd or further line treatments with high response rates.

Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy for Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema: A Pilot Study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical effect of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) in patients with secondary lymphedema after breast cancer treatment. DESIGN: Prospective clinical pilot study. SETTING: Education and research hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Women with a diagnosis of lymphedema secondary to breast cancer (N=11). INTERVENTIONS: Patients were treated for 12 sessions of ESWT with 2500 impulses each. The treatment frequency was 4Hz in multiple shock mode. The energy flow density during treatment was equal to a working pressure of 2 bar. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measure was volumetric measurements. The secondary outcome measures were the short version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire (QuickDASH) and the brief version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF). Assessments were conducted by the same investigator at baseline, posttreatment, and at 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment for all patients. RESULTS: Significant reduction was found in the amount of lymphedema with ESWT treatment in all patients, and this reduction was maintained for 6 months. A statistically significant reduction was observed in volumetric measurements for the follow-up period (P=.001). The mean volume displacement of the affected upper extremity before treatment was 870.45±384.19mL at 6 months, and after the treatment it was 604.54±381.74mL. In addition, improvements were observed in the QuickDASH functional assessment tool and in the physical health domain of the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire (P=.002 and P=.007, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: ESWT was shown to provide a reduction in the amount of lymphedema in patients with lymphedema secondary to breast cancer. Also, a marked improvement was observed in the functional status and quality of life of study patients. Treatment efficacy was maintained in the long term. As a noninvasive, novel, and effective method, ESWT is a promising treatment modality for the treatment of lymphedema, which is a chronic, progressive, and refractory condition.

Is Human Kallikrein 11 in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Treated Chemoradiotherapy Associated with Survival?

PURPOSE: Involvement of human kallikreins (hKs) in human cancers has been reported and several hKs are promising biomarkers of various cancers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of hK11 expression in patients with non-metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 44 patients with NSCLC. hK11 expression was determined by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: The estimation of disease-free and overall survival by Kaplan-Meier was 11 months and 17 months, respectively. The estimation of overall survival by Kaplan-Meier was significantly higher in patients with hK11 strongly positive (2+) than in those with hK11 weakly positive (1+) (20 months vs. 11 months, p=0.032). Although not statistically different, the estimation of disease-free survival by Kaplan-Meier was higher in patients with hK11 strongly positive (2+) than in those with hK11 weakly positive (1+) (12 months vs. 9 months, p=0.113). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the overall survival rates were significantly associated with response to chemoradiotherapy and the degree of staining with hK11. CONCLUSION: The stronger hK11 expression in NSCLC appears to be associated with better survival rates. hK11 may be a prognostic biomarker of NSCLC.

Trastuzumab-based Retreatment after Lapatinib in Heavily Pretreated HER2 Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer: an Anatolian Society of Medical Oncology Study.

BACKGROUND: For HER2 positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC), continuing anti-HER2 therapy beyond progression is associated with improved outcome. However retreatment with trastuzumab after lapatinib progression is controversial. We retrospectively analyzed the efficacy of trastuzumab-based chemotherapy in HER2+ metastatic breast cancer patients whose disease progressed after lapatinib. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between October 2010 and May 2013, 54 patients whose disease progressed after lapatinib were retreated with trastuzumab-based chemotherapy. Efficacy and toxicity results were evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS: The median age of patients was 46 (range 27-67). Fourteen patients (26%) had metastases at the time of diagnosis. All of the patients had received trastuzumab in an adjuvant or metastatic setting, while 16 (30%) had received two lines of trastuzumab. All patients had received lapatinib plus capecitabine. The median chemotherapy line for the metastatic setting was 2 (range 1-7). Cranial metastases were identified in 27 (50%) patients. 53 patients received trastuzumab-based chemotherapy following lapatinib progression while one patient received trastuzumab monotherapy. Combination chemotherapy consisted of navelbin (n=33), taxane (n=10), gemcitabine (n=2), platinum (n=2) and platinum with taxane (n=6). The median treatment cycle was 5 (range 1-44). Among 49 patients assessed for response 2 (4%) showed CR, 12 (25%) PR, 11 (22%) SD and 24 (49%) disease progression. Asymptomatic cardiotoxicity was reported in 2 (4%) of the patients. At a median follow-up of 9 months (1-39), median progression-free survival was 5 months (95% CI 4.1-5.9) and median overall survival was 10 months (95% CI 6.9-13.0). PFS and OS were not affected by the absence/presence of cranial metastases. CONCLUSIONS: Retreatment with trastuzumab-based therapy after lapatinib progression showed efficacy in heavily treated MBC patients.

Recurrence risk and prognostic parameters in stage I rectal cancers.

BACKGROUND: The standard therapy for stage I rectum cancer is surgical resection. Currently, there is no strong evidence to suggest that any type of adjuvant therapy is beneficial. The risks of local relapse and distant metastasis are higher in rectal tumors. Therefore, while there is no clearly defined absolute indication for adjuvant therapy in lymph node negative colon cancers, rectum tumors that are T3N0 and higher require adjuvant treatment. Due to the more aggressive nature of rectal cancers, we explored the clinical and pathologic factors that could predict the risk of relapse in Stage I (T1-T2) disease and whether there was any progression-free survival benefit to adjuvant therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This multicenter study was carried out by the Anatolian Society of Medical Oncology. A total of 178 patients with rectal cancers who underwent curative surgery between January 1994 and August 2012 in 13 centers were included in the study. Patient demographics, including survival data and tumor characteristics were obtained from medical charts. RESULTS: The median age was 58 years (range 26-85 years). Most tumors were well or moderately differentiated. For adjuvant treatment, 13 patients (7.3%) received radiotherapy alone, 12 patients (6.7%) received chemotherapy alone and 15 patients (8.4%) were given chemoradiotherapy. Median follow up was 29 months (3-225 months). Some 42 patients (23.6%) had relapse during follow up; 30 with local recurrence (71.4%) whereas 12 (28.6%) were distant metastases. Among the patients, 5-year DFS was 64% and OS was 82%. Mucinous histology and receiving adjuvant therapy were found to have statistically insignificant correlations with relapse and survival. CONCLUSIONS: In our retrospective analysis, approximately one quarter of patients exhibited either local or systemic relapse. The rates of relapse were slightly higher in the patients who had no adjuvant therapy. There may thus be a role for adjuvant therapy in high-risk stage I rectal tumors.

Morphine: patient knowledge and attitudes in the central anatolia part of Turkey.

BACKGROUND: In Muslim majority countries (MMC) opioid use for pain management is extremely low. The underlying factors contributing to this are not well defined. AIM: The aim of this study was to survey the attitudes of cancer patients towards morphine use for pain management in a MMC and identify the factors that influence patient decisions to accept or refuse morphine as treatment for cancer pain. SETTINGS/PARTICIPANTS: Patients were questioned whether they had pain or not, the severity and the medications for pain management. Questions included what type of medication they thought morphine was, whether or not they would be willing to take morphine if recommended for pain management and the basis for their decision if they were against morphine use. RESULTS: Four hundred and eighty-eight patients participated in the study. Some 50% of the patients who refused morphine use and 36.8% of the patients who would prefer another drug, if possible, identified fear of addiction as the basis for their decision. Reservation of morphine for later in their disease was the case for 22.4% of the patients who refused morphine use. Only 13.7 % of the patients refusing morphine and 9.7% of the patients who preferred another drug, if possible, cited religious reasons as the basis for this decision. CONCLUSIONS: Identifying the underlying factors contributing to low opioid use for pain management in MMC is important. Once the underlying factors are identified, all efforts should be taken to overcome them as they are barriers to improving patient pain management.

Good outcomes of patients with stage IB endometrial cancer with surgery alone.

BACKGROUND: Most patients with endometrial cancer have stage I disease. Adjuvant therapy in stage IB (formerly IC) endometrial cancer is controversial, treatment options including observation or brachytherapy/ radiotherapy in grade 1-3 patients with or without chemotherapy. The purpose of this study was to assess the outcomes of our patients with stage IB endometrioid endometrial cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty two patients with stage IB endometrial cancer and endometrioid histology were retrospectively evaluated. All patients were initially treated surgically by the same surgeon with comprehensive staging, i.e. total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salphingooopherectomy, bilateral pelvic and paraaortic lymph node dissection and omentectomy. Adjuvant radiotherapy was discussed with patients and utilized by those who accepted. Adjuvant chemotherapy was not given to any of the patients. RESULTS: Median age was 62 (range, 42-95). Ninety percent of the patients had grade 1-2 disease. Thirteen patients (21%) received intra vaginal brachytherapy (IVBT) and one received whole pelvic radiotherapy (WPRT). Median follow-up time was 46 months (range, 9-77 months). Three patients experienced recurrence (4.8%), two of them died on follow-up and one was still alive at last visit. Two patients with recurrence had FIGO grade 2 tumors and one had a grade 3 tumor. Two patients (3.2%) died without evidence of recurrent disease. Relapse free survival at 5 years was 94.4% and overall survival was 93.1%. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with stage IB disease in our study demonstrated relatively low recurrence rates although the majority of them received no adjuvant treatment. Surgery alone may be sufficient for most patients with this stage of endometrial cancer.

Hepatitis B and C seroprevalence in solid tumors - necessity for screening during chemotherapy.

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B and C are the leading causes of liver diseases worldwide. For hematological and solid malignancy patients undergoing chemotherapy, increases in HBV DNA and HCV RNA levels can be detected which may result in reactivation and hepatitis-related morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of Hbs ag and Anti HCV positivity in patients with solid malignancies undergoing chemotherapy and consequences during follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The files of 914 patients with solid malignancies whose hepatitis markers were determined serologically at diagnosis were reviewed retrospectively. All underwent adjuvant/palliative chemotherapy. For the cases with HBV and/or HCV positivity, HBV DNA and HCV RNA levels, liver function tests at diagnosis and during follow-up and the treatment modalities that were chosen were determined. RESULTS: Of 914 cases, Hbs Ag, anti Hbs and anti HCV positivity were detected in 40 (4.4%), 336 (36.8%) and 26 (2.8%) of the cases respectively. All of the Hbs ag positive patients received prophylactic lamuvidine before the start of chemotherapy. In the Hbs ag and anti HCV positive cases, liver failure was not detected during chemotherapy and a delay in chemotherapy courses because of hepatitis was not encountered. CONCLUSIONS: Just as with hematological malignancies, screening for HBV and HCV should also be considered for patients with solid tumors undergoing chemotherapy. Prophylactic antiviral therapy for HBV reduces both the reactivation rates and HBV related mortality and morbidity. The clinical impact of HCV infection on patients undergoing chemotherapy is still not well characterized.

Lack of any association between season of diagnosis and survival of gastric cancer cases in Kayseri, Turkey.

BACKGROUND: The influence of season of diagnosis on cancer survival has been an interesting issue for many years. Most studies have shown a possible association between seasonality and survival in some cancers. We aimed to investigate whether there is an association between season of diagnosis and survival in patients with gastric cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed retrospectively the files of 279 histologically proven gastric cancer patients. According to diagnosis date, the patients were grouped into 4 seasons of diagnosis groups, spring, summer, autumn, and winter. RESULTS: There was no significant differences when the overall survival rates of the patients were compared according to the patients' season of diagnosis (p: 0.871). Median overall survival rates were 22.0 (14.5-29.5) months for the patients who were diagnosed in spring, 24.0 (12.4-35.6) for summer, 18.0 (9.96-26.0) for autumn and 21.0 (16.3-25.7) for winter. Median disease-free survival rates were 66.0 (44.1-68.1) months for the patients who were diagnosed in spring, 28.0 (17.0-39.0) for summer, 22.0 (0-46.4) for autumn and 23.0 (17.5-28.5) for winter. While the rate was best for the patients diagnosed in spring the differences were not statistically significant (p= 0.382). CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of the above results the season was not suggested as contributing to prognosis in gastric cancer cases in Kayseri, Turkey.