Dilated cardiomyopathy in patients with hypoparathyroidism: A narrative review.

Background: Hypoparathyroidism is a rare endocrine disorder characterized by low blood calcium levels, elevated phosphorus levels, and insufficient parathyroid hormone production. It can lead to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), a cardiac condition characterized by enlarged ventricles and reduced heart function. This review aims to explore the relationship between hypoparathyroidism and DCM, the impact of calcium on cardiac function, and the potential for DCM reversal with calcium supplementation. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, and relevant keywords and Mesh terms. Case reports evaluating dilated cardiomyopathy in patients with Hypoparathyroidism were included in the study. Additionally, references cited in each study were carefully examined to identify relevant reports. The cases included in the review were analyzed, and common cardiac manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and management were identified. Results: DCM in hypoparathyroidism presents with symptoms of heart failure, reduced ejection fraction, and impaired left ventricular function. Laboratory tests show low serum calcium levels and elevated phosphate levels. Prompt diagnosis and treatment with calcium and vitamin D supplementation can lead to improvements in cardiac function. Conclusion: Hypoparathyroidism-induced DCM is reversible with timely calcium and vitamin D supplementation. Patient compliance with prescribed medications and supplements is crucial to prevent and manage cardiac complications. Regular follow-up check-ups and monitoring of calcium levels can aid in early detection and improve patient outcomes. Educating patients about the importance of treatment adherence can significantly reduce the risk of developing DCM and other cardiac symptoms associated with hypoparathyroidism. Routine follow-up of DCM among patients with endocrine disorders is recommended.

Reflections on the surge in malaria cases after unprecedented flooding in Pakistan-A commentary.

Background: Malaria is a parasitic infection primarily caused by four main species of the genus Plasmodium, that is, Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium vivax, and Plasmodium malariae. It is transmitted through the bite of the female Anopheles mosquito. It holds the status of one of the leading causes of death in the developing world. Malaria is endemic to Pakistan, and the country experienced the worst floods in its history from April to October 2022. The stagnant flood water served as a breeding ground for mosquitoes, culminating in an alarming spike in malaria cases. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the number of cases reported till August 2022 was more than in the whole year of 2021. There was more than a twofold rise in cumulative cases in 62 high-burden Pakistani Districts in August 2022 as compared to August 2021. Aims: This commentary aims to bring this emerging issue to notice and highlight the most effective probable measures to help eliminate and prevent the hazards the current outbreak poses. Results: Rapid planning and execution are needed to ensure the most efficient and rapid elimination of malaria. To educate the general public, the national government must start public awareness efforts in electronic, print, and social media and deploy solar-powered mobile healthcare units to far-flung areas. Prophylactic and postexposure treatments should be planned because larvicidal preventive measures are less practical in flood-affected vicinities. Conclusion: The most effective preventive strategy is drug prophylaxis, followed by insecticide-treated nets, indoor residual spraying, and untreated nets. Scientists should intensify their investigations for effective medications to alleviate the malaria burden in Pakistan.

Radiological manifestation of optic nerve infarction in a patient with invasive mucormycosis secondary to diabetic ketoacidosis in Pakistan.

A 35 years old male patient presented in the hospital with complaints of left-sided facial swelling, blindness in the left eye, and left eye proptosis. He had a concomitant history of diabetic ketoacidosis. Magnetic resonance imaging was advised, which revealed infected tissue of the left cheek, optic nerve infarction, intracranial extension, and leptomeningeal involvement by the disease process.

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever outbreak in Pakistan, 2022: A warning bell amidst unprecedented floods and COVID 19 pandemic.

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an infection caused by a tick-borne virus (genus: Nairovirus, family: Bunyaviridae). The most important vector for CCHF is the ixodid tick. Along with tick bite, direct contact with the virus-affected animal is responsible for its spread. Pakistan witnessed its first case of CCHF in 1976 and has been a major victim of CCHF for years, but spikes in cases are seen after Eid-ul-Adha, an Islamic festival involving the sacrifice of cattle. The disease, in particular, is common among butchers, veterinarians, and livestock workers. From the start of this year till June 22, 2022, a total of four cases have been reported across the country. Pakistan faces major challenges in combating CCHF every year due to its specific geographical position and a majority of the population being involved with animal husbandry. There is no approved vaccine for its prevention. All these factors contribute to the burden on the already weakened healthcare system of Pakistan. Strict actions should be taken to contain the spread of the disease. The need of the hour is to engage the general population, raise awareness, and develop policies to ensure disease surveillance. This should be accompanied by fostering collaboration among animal and human health departments for efficient communication and early intervention. The focus should be on medical research to find an efficacious treatment and prophylaxis for the CCHF virus, which will be the cornerstone of future CCHF prevention and control strategies.

Surgical site infection following orthopedic surgery in a patient with acne: A challenging case.

Propionibacterium acnes is a typical component of the human body's flora and has been implicated as the causative infectious agent following a variety of operations, including device installation. We present a case of a 21-year-old male patient with severe global acneiform eruption with a non-healing limb lesion near the orthopedic surgery incisions.

Sumatriptan poisoning and its clinical presentation in humans: A case report.

This case report displays some of the possible complications of sumatriptan poisoning, including nephritic syndrome.

Laser treatment of benign melanocytic lesion: a review.

Treatment of pigmented lesions is one of the major challenges of laser and cosmetic practitioners. The most common pigmented lesions that are treated by lasers are melanocytic nevi, ephelides, solar lentigines, and café au lait macules. Melanin absorbs different wavelengths (500-1100 nm); thereby, treatment of various pigmented lesions requires the application of lasers with different wavelengths. Choosing the most appropriate type of laser depends on various factors such as the chromophore and the location of a specific lesion in the skin. In this paper, we aim to review the most efficient laser treatment protocols for each pigmented skin lesion and compare their efficacy in each part based on the previous studies.

Oncolytic effect of SARS-CoV-2 in a patient with mycosis fungoides: A case report.

The most common variant of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) is mycosis fungoides (MF). Patients with MF often experience a chronic course of disease. The spontaneous regression (SR) of MF is rare, and the factors that predict SR have not been recognized yet. Here, we are reporting a case of persistent MF who had prominent remission after COVID-19. This case report supports the possible antineoplastic effect of SARS-CoV-2. Understanding the underlying etiology of such effect can result in development of new target therapies for MF.

Clinical features and short-term outcomes of COVID-19 in Tehran, Iran: An analysis of mortality and hospital stay.

Background The sudden outbreak of the COVID-19 disease originated in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. There have been few reports of the clinical course of the disease, but detailed information on the risk factors for increased hospital stay and mortality is not available. In this study, we aimed to present the details of 53 confirmed COVID-19 cases to share the clinical course and the risk factors for longer hospital stay and death. Methods In this study, we enrolled fifty-three patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection from a referral academic hospital in Tehran, Iran admitted between March and April 2020. Patients' demographics, laboratory tests, treatments, length of hospital stay (LOHS), and final outcome were recorded and analyzed. Results Fifty-three patients were included in this study. The higher LOHS was associated with clinical symptoms, including hemoptysis (IRR= 0.73, P-value= 0.02), diarrhea (IRR= 0.78, P-value= 0.01), headache (IRR= 0.81, P-value= 0.05), and dry cough (IRR= 0.82, P-value= 0.05). Mortality was associated with older age(Odds ratio=1.148, 95%CI=1.032-1.276), lower calcium level (Odds ratio=0.087, 95%CI=0.010-0.788), lower serum albumin (Odds ratio=0.036, 95%CI=0.002-0.655), as well as increased level of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (Odds ratio=1.468, 95%CI=1.086-1.985), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (Odds ratio=1.004, 95%CI=1.000-1.007), and urea (Odds ratio=1.023, 95%CI=1.006-1.039).  Conclusion Our study identified that decreased levels of O2saturation, platelet count, calcium, albumin, and increased NLR, LDH, urea, and old age were correlated with mortality. Also, LOHS was significantly associated with clinical findings, such as hemoptysis and diarrhea.