Effects of in ovo injection of bacterial peptides and CpG-ODN on Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg infection in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chicks.

RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Peptides + CpG-ODN reduced SH in caeca at the first week post-infection.Administered formulations did not reduce SH-faecal excretion.Levels of intestinal IgA were similar between all groups.CpG-ODN improved some parameters associated with chick intestinal health.

A Practical Method for QTc Interval Measurement.

Objective The various formulae used for QT correction by heart rate (HR) require the execution of operations with the aid of calculators or applications. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of a simple rule for QTc estimation, comparing the measurements obtained with those provided by the commonly used equations of Bazett, Fridericia, Framingham, and Hodges. Methods We used the database of a previous observational study, which analyzed patients prospectively with acute pulmonary edema admitted in an emergency service. One hundred four patients were included for QTc assessment, of whom 86 patients underwent two ECG: one ECG <24h and other >24h after admission. Thus, a total of 190 ECGs were analyzed by two observers that manually measured QT and HR. QTc was obtained using the known formulae and the proposed equations: QTc = QT+2 (FC-60) for HR ≤ 90 bpm and QTc=QT+2(FC-60)-10 for HR>90 bpm. Results Bland-Altman plots show good agreement between the simple rule and Hodges equation, with a mean difference of -3,4, SD of 4.96 and 95% limits of agreement from -9,9 to 3.2. There was not a good agreement between the simple method and the other formulae. Conclusion The proposed method has good agreement with the measures of QTc by the equation of Hodges in the HR range of 40 to 130bpm in acutely ill patients. Our method may be a plausible option for quick QT correction in these subjects.