Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and associated factors in women aged 35 to 65 years who were enrolled in a family health program in Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among women aged 35 to 65 years and to identify associated factors. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study. We randomly selected 581 women (aged 35-65 y) from among those enrolled in a family health program in the city of Pindamonhangaba, Brazil. Metabolic syndrome was identified in accordance with the definition of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. Health conditions and lifestyle habits were evaluated by a survey, and anthropometric measurements were obtained. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was estimated, and Poisson regression was used to evaluate the associations between metabolic syndrome `and the factors investigated. RESULTS: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 42.2% (95% CI, 38.1-46.2). The most common metabolic syndrome component was abdominal obesity (60.6%), followed by low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (51.3%), high levels of triglycerides (41.4%), high blood pressure (31.7%), and diabetes (13.9%). The following factors were associated with metabolic syndrome: the 45- to 54-year age group (prevalence ratio, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.08-2.01), the 55- to 65-year age group (prevalence ratio, 3.51; 95% CI, 1.49-3.10), hyperuricemia (prevalence ratio, 2.95; 95% CI, 1.15-1.86), and sleep apnea risk (prevalence ratio, 2.41; 95% CI, 1.16-1.82). We found an inverse association between metabolic syndrome and having had more than 5 years of schooling (prevalence ratio, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.65-1.04). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is high, and the associated clinical factors are hyperuricemia and risk of sleep apnea.

Prevalência da incontinência urinária e sua associação com a obesidade em mulheres na transição menopausal e após-menopausa / Prevalence of urinary incontinence and its association with obesity among women in the menopausal transition and postmenopause

A Incontinência Urinária (IU) é a perda involuntária de urina e, entre os fatores envolvidos no seu determinismo, a obesidade assume particular importância. Entretanto, ainda não está claro se o fator determinante é a gordura abdominal, mensurada pela medida da circunferência abdominal (CA), ou o excesso de gordura corpórea, avaliado pelo Índice de Massa Corpórea (IMC). Objetivos: Estimar a prevalência de IU em mulheres na transição menopausal e após a menopausa; verificar se há associação com o IMC e com a medida da CA em seu determinismo além de avaliar a qualidade de vida nas mulheres incontinentes estudadas. Métodos: Em estudo transversal, foram obtidos dados secundários a partir do banco de dados do Projeto de Saúde de Pindamonhangaba, pertencentes ao Programa de Saúde da Família, do referido Município. A população do estudo foram mulheres nos estágios da transição menopausal e pós menopausa, com idade entre 35 e 65 anos. Todas foram submetidas a uma entrevista sistematizada, que incluiu questões sobre perfil sociodemográfico, história ginecológica e obstétrica, incontinência urinária, morbidade e avaliações antropométricas, como altura, peso e medida da CA e coleta de sangue. Resultados: A prevalência da IU foi de 17,0 por cento e entre os fatores significativos associados ao seu determinismo incluíram-se episiotomia, religião evangélica, depressão, tabagismo atual, síndrome metabólica e medida da CA acima de 88 cm. Com relação à qualidade de vida das incontinentes, 16,1 por cento das mulheres relataram que a incontinência tem impacto na qualidade de vida e 3,2 por cento classificaram esse impacto como grave. Conclusão: A prevalência da IU foi menor em comparação a outros estudos, porém, constatou-se piora da qualidade de vida das incontinentes; com relação à obesidade, observou-se que a medida da CA maior que 88 cm se associou significativamente com a IU, o mesmo não ocorrendo com o IMC.

Urinary Incontinence (UI) is the involuntary loss of urine and among the factors involved in its determinism, obesity takes particular importance. However, it is unclear whether the determinant factor is the abdominal fat measured by measuring the Abdominal Circumference (AC) and or the excess of body fat assessed by the Body Mass Index (BMI). Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of UI in women in menopausal transition and after menopause; check for an association between the BMI with the AC measure in its determinism and evaluate the quality of life in studied incontinent women. Methods: In cross-sectional study were obtained secondary data from the database of the Pindamonhangaba's Health Project, belonging to the Family Health Program of that municipality. The study population were women in transition and postmenopause stages, aged between 35 and 65. All were subjected to a systematic interview that included questions about Sociodemographic profile, obstetrical and gynecological history, urinary incontinence, morbidity and anthropometric measurements such as height, weight, AC measurement and blood collection. Results: The prevalence of U was 17.0 per cent and among the significant factors associated with its determinism is included episiotomy, evangelical religion, depression, current tabagism, metabolic syndrome and CA measurement above 88 cm. Regarding the quality of life, 16.1 per cent of incontinent women reported having an impact on quality of life and 3.2 per cent classified it as severe. Conclusion: The prevalence of UI was lower compared to other studies, however, it was found a worsening in incontinents' quality of life; in relation to obesity, it was observed that the measurement of AC > 88 cm was significativelly...

Correlação entre sintomas urinários e qualidade de vida em mulheres com incontinência urinária / Correlation between urinary symptoms and quality of life among women with urinary incontinence

Incontinência urinária (IU) é a queixa de qualquer perda involuntária de urina, podendo provocar diversos problemas de ordem social e de higiene. Os objetivos deste estudo foram caracterizar os sintomas urinários e correlacioná-los com a qualidade de vida de 34 mulheres com incontinência urinária...

Urinary incontinence (UI)is the complaint of any involuntary leakage of urine; it may bring about several hygiene and social problems. The purpose of this study was to characterize urinary symptoms and to correlate them with the quality of life of 34 women with UI, describing their social-economic, gynecological and obstetric profile...