ESPR Uroradiology Taskforce--imaging recommendations in paediatric uroradiology, part VIII: retrograde urethrography, imaging disorder of sexual development and imaging childhood testicular torsion.

Three new consensus-based recommendations of the European Society of Paediatric Radiology Uroradiology Taskforce and the European Society of Urogenital Radiology Paediatric Working Group on paediatric uroradiology are presented. One deals with indications and technique for retrograde urethrography, one with imaging in the work-up for disorders of sexual development and one with imaging workflow in suspected testicular torsion. The latter is subdivided to suggest a distinct algorithm to deal with testicular torsion in neonates. These proposals aim to outline effective imaging algorithms to optimise diagnostic accuracy and to harmonize diagnostic imaging among institutions and practitioners.

ESPR uroradiology task force imaging recommendations in paediatric uroradiology, part VII: standardised terminology, impact of existing recommendations, and update on contrast-enhanced ultrasound of the paediatric urogenital tract.

Our purpose is to harmonise and standardise terminology in paediatric uroradiology, to provide and update recommendations for contrast-enhanced US to standardise imaging and encourage further research, and to assess the impact of the existing recommendations in paediatric urogenital imaging. Based on thorough review of literature and variable practice at several centres and after discussion within urogenital imaging groups as well as with other subspecialties, we propose a standardisation of terminology in urogenital imaging. An update with recommendations on paediatric contrast-enhanced US has been issued based on available literature and reports. Finally, a questionnaire has been used to assess the knowledge, applicability and usefulness of, and the adherence to existing recommendations of the European Society of Paediatric Radiology (ESPR) Uroradiology Task Force. In conclusion, the ESPR is working to improve patient safety and optimise paediatric urogenital imaging. Standardisation of terminology and provision of updated knowledge on contrast-enhanced US in childhood will contribute to this task, ideally reducing the need for invasive or radiating imaging. Not all existing recommendations are commonly known, which limits adherence to these recommendations and the availability of comparable data and evidence for future adaptation of imaging strategies in paediatric uroradiology.