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1.
J Dairy Sci ; 100(2): 1122-1135, 2017 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27988126

RESUMO

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of 3 soybean sources differing in fatty acid profile and processing method on productivity, milk composition, digestibility, rumen fermentation, and enteric methane emission in lactating dairy cows. The soybean sources were conventional, high-linoleic-acid variety extruded soybean meal (ESBM; 8.7% ether extract with 15% oleic and 54% linoleic acids); extruded Plenish (DuPont Pioneer, Johnston, IA), high-oleic-acid variety soybean meal (EPSBM; 8.4% ether extract with 73% oleic and 8% linoleic acids); and whole, heated Plenish soybeans (WPSB; 20.2% ether extract). The study involved 15 Holstein cows in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design experiment with three 28-d periods. The inclusion rate of the soybean sources in the diet was (dry matter basis) 17.1, 17.1, and 7.4% for ESBM, EPSBM, and WPSB, respectively, which resulted in ether extract concentration of the diets of 3.99, 3.94, and 4.18%, respectively. Compared with ESBM, the Plenish diets tended to increase dry matter intake and decreased feed efficiency (but had no effect on energy-corrected milk feed efficiency). The Plenish diets increased milk fat concentration on average by 5.6% and tended to increase milk fat yield, compared with ESBM. The WPSB diet tended to increased milk true protein compared with the extruded soybean meal diets. Treatments had no effect on rumen fermentation and enteric methane or carbon dioxide emissions, except pH was higher for WPSB versus EPSBM. The Plenish diets decreased the prevalence of Ruminococcus and increased that of Eubacterium and Treponema in whole ruminal contents. Total-tract apparent digestibility of organic matter and crude protein were decreased by WPSB compared with ESBM and EPSBM. Compared with the other treatments, urinary N excretion was increased by EPSBM and fecal N excretion was greater for WPSB. Treatments had marked effects on milk fatty acid profile. Generally, the Plenish diets increased mono-unsaturated (mostly cis-9 18:1) and decreased polyunsaturated, total trans-, and conjugated linoleic fatty acids concentrations in milk fat. In this study, compared with conventional, high-linoleic-acid variety extruded soybean meal, the Plenish soybean diets increased milk fat concentration and tended to increase fat yield, decreased feed efficiency, and modified milk fatty acid profile in a manner expected from the greater concentration of oleic acid in Plenish soybean oil.


Assuntos
Glycine max/química , Leite/química , Ração Animal , Animais , Bovinos , Dieta/veterinária , Ácidos Graxos , Feminino , Fermentação , Lactação/efeitos dos fármacos , Metano/metabolismo , Ácido Oleico , Rúmen/metabolismo
9.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8686566

RESUMO

The "Life Skill Profile" (LSP) is a test that measures psychophysical function. Fifty-five subjects arraigned in Court to have their psycho-physical ability legally assessed were included in a prospective study in which the clinical evaluation was correlated with the total LSP rating conducted by another evaluator. Age, gender, original accommodation type, diagnosis or type of evaluator were variables not significantly related to the clinical outcome. The results indicated that, using various cut-off scores, different levels of sensitivity and specificity of the LSP test are obtained which can be converted to predictive values in the legal assessment of disability. The LSP test is an efficient measure to be used in conjunction with the clinical evaluation.


Assuntos
Avaliação da Deficiência , Psiquiatria Legal , Atividades Cotidianas , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Prova Pericial , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos
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