[Thalamic hematomas: etiology, clinical findings and prognosis]. / Hematomas talámicos: etiología, clínica y pronóstico.

INTRODUCTION: The appearance of new neuroimaging techniques has permitted study of large series of thalamic hematomas, amongst which differences have been observed according to the size and arterial territory affected. OBJECTIVE: To determine the existence or not of differences between thalamic hematomas, according to their arterial territory and size, with regard to the aetiology, clinical findings and short term prognosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was made of 60 patients admitted to hospital with the diagnosis of thalamic hematoma (between January 1987 and July 1997) classified according to localization as: anterior, dorsal, posterolateral, posteromedial and global, and according to size as: large (> 20 mm), and small (< 20 mm) in which we analyzed the aetiology, clinical signs and prognosis up to discharge from hospital. RESULTS: The commonest aetiology was found to be arterial hypertension (60%); with regard to the arterial territory involved we have observed different clinical and prognostic features but the number of patients in each group was too small to permit statistical analysis. Significant differences were shown with regard to the size of the hematoma: large hematomas more often extended to nearby structures, caused hydrocephalia, were associated with alteration in the level of consciousness, severe motor deficit, oculomotor changes, alteration in superior functions and hemianopsia, and had worse prognosis and increased mortality and dependence in everyday activity than small hematomas. CONCLUSION: According to their size, thalamic hematomas show statistically significant clinical and prognostic differences.

[Clinical pathogenic heterogeneity and subcortical infarcts prognosis]. / Heterogeneidad patogénica clínica y pronóstica de los infartos subcorticales.

We present a descriptive study of 55 consecutive patients with subcortical infarct seen during the year 1993. We divided our sample into two groups: the first included a total of 49 patients with lacunar infarct (ischaemic lesion equal to or less than 20 mm in diameter or lacunar syndrome with no objective lesion). The second group consisted of six patients with subcortical infarct greater than 20 mm at its largest diameter. We touch upon vascular risk factors, probable etiology, clinical history and prognosis, trying to determine as to whether differences existed between the two groups or not. The sole case showing statistically significant difference was the clinical presentation syndrome although results are hardly conclusive given the small size of our sample groups.