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The CRISPR/Cas adaptative immune system has been harnessed as an RNA-guided, programmable genome editing tool, allowing for diverse biotechnological applications. The implementation of the system relies on the ability to detect the Cas9 protein in biological samples. This task is facilitated by employing antibodies, which exhibit several advantageous features and applications in the context of tropical neglected diseases. This study reports a one-month immunization scheme with the Cas9 protein fromStreptococcus pyogenes to produce IgY polyclonal antibodies (anti-SpCas9), which can be rapidly isolated by combining yolk de-lipidation with protein salting out using pectin and ammonium sulfate, respectively. Immunodetection assays indicate that the antibodies are highly sensitive, specific, and useful for detecting the SpCas9 protein in promastigotes ofLeishmania braziliensisexpressing exogenous SpCas9. Thus, the simple method for producing anti-SpCas9 IgY antibodies will accelerate CRISPR/Cas-based studies in Leishmania spp. This approach serves as a valuable research tool in this parasite model and holds the potential for wide application in various other biological samples, promoting the implementation of the system. In fact, a bioinformatics approach based on the identification of antigenic determinants in the SpCas9 protein suggests the possibility of using the anti-SpCas9 IgY antibodies in applications such as Prime and Base editing.
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Objetivo: Investigar las percepciones y preocupaciones de los estudiantes de odontología respecto a la pandemia de COVID-19, sus estrategias de afrontamiento, recursos de apoyo y sus niveles de estrés percibidos. Materiales y Métodos: Se utilizó una muestra de estudiantes de odontología chilenos, pertenecientes a un estudio multicéntrico a quienes se les aplicó una encuesta anónima virtual de 20 ítems y la Escala de Estrés Percibido (PSS-10). Se realizó estadística descriptiva, pruebas bivariadas y un modelo de regresión lineal entre las variables. Resultados: Participaron 393 estudiantes (70,7%), mayoritariamente mujeres (N=268, 68,2%). Declaran que la escuela ha realizado moderados esfuerzos para transitar hacia la educación telemática (N=181, 46,2%), considerando estos cambios estresantes (N=270, 68,7%). Manifiestan estar muy preocupados por el impacto en su formación profesional (N=261, 66,6%) y sienten moderado apoyo de la escuela (N=197, 50,1%). PSS fue 21,64 (±6,2) calificando como estrés moderado, siendo sus predictores el sexo femenino, cursos preclínicos y escaso apoyo de la escuela y familia (p<0,05). Conclusiones: Los niveles de estrés de los estudiantes se ven alterados durante la pandemia, manifiestan estar muy preocupados por el impacto en su formación profesional y tiempo estimado de graduación. Se recomienda realizar intervenciones en salud mental y en el proceso educativo.
Objective: to determine dental students' perceptions and concerns regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, and to explore their coping strategies, support resources and perceived stress levels. Methods: Chilean dental students were sampled from a multinational study. An online survey was applied, including 20 items and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate statistical analyses were computed. Results: 393 dental students participated (70,7%) and the majority were females (N=268, 68,2%). Students perceived that the school had done moderate efforts for the transition to online education (N=181, 46,2%), considering the changes as stressful (N=270, 68,7%). Students were very worried about how the pandemic impacted their professional training (N=261, 66,6%) and perceived moderate support from the dental school (N=197, 50,1%). The PSS score was 21,64 (±6,2), categorized as moderate stress. Predictors for stress were female, pre-clinical courses and lack of support from the family and from the dental school (p<0,05). Conclusion: Dental students' stress levels have been altered during the pandemic. Students reported high concerns regarding the impact of the pandemic on their professional education and time until graduation. Interventions aiming at students' mental health during the educational process are recommended.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Estudantes de Odontologia , Universidades , COVID-19RESUMO
PURPOSE: The COVID-19 pandemic has spread worldwide, and almost 396 million people have been infected around the globe. Latin American countries have been deeply affected, and there is a lack of data in this regard. This study aims to identify the clinical characteristics, in-hospital outcomes, and factors associated with ICU admission due to COVID-19. Furthermore, to describe the functional status of patients at hospital discharge after the acute episode of COVID-19. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a prospective, multicenter, multinational observational cohort study of subjects admitted to 22 hospitals within Latin America. Data were collected prospectively. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize patients, and multivariate regression was carried out to identify factors associated with severe COVID-19. RESULTS: A total of 3008 patients were included in the study. A total of 64.3% of patients had severe COVID-19 and were admitted to the ICU. Patients admitted to the ICU had a higher mean (SD) 4C score (10 [3] vs. 7 [3)], p<0.001). The risk factors independently associated with progression to ICU admission were age, shortness of breath, and obesity. In-hospital mortality was 24.1%, whereas the ICU mortality rate was 35.1%. Most patients had equal self-care ability at discharge 43.8%; however, ICU patients had worse self-care ability at hospital discharge (25.7% [497/1934] vs. 3.7% [40/1074], p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms that patients with SARS CoV-2 in the Latin American population had a lower mortality rate than previously reported. Systemic complications are frequent in patients admitted to the ICU due to COVID-19, as previously described in high-income countries.
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COVID-19 , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Estudos de Coortes , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Hospitais , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , América Latina/epidemiologia , Pandemias , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
We present five cases where patients were diagnosed with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and were treated pharmacologically. This is a common disease that is gaining clinical importance due to the long-term sequelae it may bring to a patient, such as cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Diagnosis and treatment are crucial to make a difference in these patients. Diagnosis is mainly through obtaining alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels and excluding excessive alcohol use and other identified liver diseases. Diet and lifestyle are the first options in the treatment of NASH, but some pharmacotherapy has been tested for the cure of NASH. Insulin-sensitizing medications, such as Pioglitazone, have shown beneficial effects but with limited success and increase weight as a side effect. The GLP-1 receptor agonist, which are used in diabetes mellitus type two, has shown significant results in patients with NASH such as decreasing ALT levels, body weight, and hepatic fat.
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Objetivo: Determinar la vía de finalización en embarazos pos término de mujeres que fueron internadas para inducción al trabajo de parto y establecer la relación entre la vía de finalización y Bishop de comienzo. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio Observacional, Descriptivo, Transversal, de 2013 a 2014. La población se identificó del SIP de aquellas pacientes con embarazo mayor a 41 semanas internadas para inducción. Test de Fisher exacto o Chi cuadrado para evaluar la siginficancia estadística p=0.05. Resultados: De 197 pacientes, la media fue de 24 años. El 21% comenzó la inducción con Bishop entre 0 y 3 puntos, 59.5% entre 4 y 6 puntos. 13 pacientes recibieron una segunda inducción tras la primera fallida. El 67.5% de las inducciones finalizaron por parto vaginal, 32.5% cesárea. De las mujeres con score 0-3 puntos el 61,5% finalizaron por cesárea, para el segundo grupo (Bishop 4-6) el 71.8% de las inducciones finalizó por parto vaginal, encontrándose una significancia estadística en estas relaciones, test de Fisher=0.000. Conclusiones: Podríamos relacionar el score de Bishop de comienzo de inducción con la vía de finalización y si bien se han encontrado gran porcentaje de partos vaginal con score de 4 en adelante, el 61.5% de las mujeres que pertenecían al grupo de 0-3 finalizaron por la vía quirúrgica por lo que podría recomendarse la maduración cervical previa inducción en este grupo de como estatregia para la reducción de la tasa de cesáreas en inducciones por 41 semanas.
The aim of this report was to present an evaluation of induction of postterm pregnancies according to the ´Bishop score in women admitted for labor induction. Labor induction is an intervention in order to iniciate artificially the uterine contractions to produce the effacement and the dilatation of the uterine cervix and to end with a birth. At present we have three main methods for induction, oxytocin, prostaglandins and amniotomy. The pregnancy chronologically prolongued refers to that simple gestation that reaches or overcomes the 294 days since the date of the last menstruation. It is known that the pregnancies chronologically prolongued are associated with a rise of the maternal and perinatal morbimortality, and therefore, since they are diagnosed. It is mandatory the management toward a minimization of the risks. For these reasons, it is recommended, in the case of a prolonged pregnancy, to consider beneficial to begin the parturition for security reasons for the mother and the fetus. ´These considerations are referred in the article
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Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Início do Trabalho de Parto , Gravidez Prolongada/induzido quimicamente , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Cesárea/estatística & dados numéricos , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Transversais/estatística & dados numéricos , Maturidade Cervical , Parto , Trabalho de Parto InduzidoRESUMO
Objetivo: Determinar la vía de finalización en embarazos post término de mujeres que fueron internadas para inducción al trabajo de parto y establecer la relación entre la vía de finalización y Bishop de comienzo. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio Observacional, Descriptivo, Transversal, de 2013 a 2014. La población se identificó del SIP de aquellas pacientes con embarazo mayor a 41 semanas internadas para inducción. Test de Fisher exacto o Chi cuadrado para evaluar la significancia estadística. p=0.05. Resultados: De 197 pacientes, la media fue de 24 años. El 21% comenzó la inducción con Bishop entre 0 y 3 puntos, 59.5% entre 4 y 6 puntos. 13 pacientes recibieron una segunda inducción tras la primera fallida. El 67.5 % de las inducciones finalizaron por parto vaginal, 32.5 % cesárea. De las mujeres con score 0-3 puntos el 61.5% finalizaron por cesárea, para el segundo grupo (Bishop 4-6) el 71.8% de las inducciones finalizo por parto vaginal, encontrándose una significancia estadística en estas relaciones, test de Fisher=0.000. Conclusiones: Podríamos relacionar el score de Bishop de comienzo de inducción con la vía de finalización y si bien se han encontrado gran porcentaje de partos vaginal con score de 4 en adelante, el 61.5% de las mujeres que pertenecían al grupo de 0-3 finalizaron por la vía quirúrgica por lo que podría recomendarse la maduración cervical previa inducción en este grupo de como estrategia para la reducción de la tasa de cesares en inducciones por 41 semanas.
Aim: To determine the mode of delivery in post-term pregnancies of women hospitalized for induction of labour and to establish the relationship between the path of completion and Bishop of onset Patients and methods: Observational, Descriptive, Transversal study, from 2013 to 2014. The population was identified from SIP of those patients with a pregnancy greater than 41 weeks hospitalized for induction. Fisher's exact test or Chi-square test to evaluate statistical significance. P = 0.05. Results: Of 197 patients, the mean was 24 years. 21% started induction with Bishop between 0 and 3 points, 59.5% between 4 and 6 points. 13 patients received a second induction after the first failed. 67.5% of the inductions were terminated by vaginal delivery, 32.5% cesarean section. Of the women with a score of 0-3 points, 61.5% were terminated by cesarean section. For the second group (Bishop 4-6), 71.8% of the inductions were terminated by vaginal delivery, a statistical significance was found in these relationships, Fisher's test = 0.000. Conclusion: We could relate Bishop's score from induction onset to completion, and although a large percentage of vaginal deliveries with a score of 4 onwards were found, 61.5% of the women in the 0-3 group were terminated By the surgical route so it could be recommended cervical maturation previous induction in this group as a strategy for the reduction of the rate of cesares in inductions by 41 weeks.
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Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Adulto , Gravidez Prolongada , Colo do Útero , Cesárea , Parto , Trabalho de Parto Induzido , Distribuição de Qui-QuadradoRESUMO
La prueba de Talio con Dipiridamol constituye en la actualidad un método no invasivo de gran utilidad para evaluar a pacientes en quienes se sospecha o se ha confirmado una enfermedad coronaria. El Dipiridamol se puede administrar por vía endovenosa u oral, produce vasodilatación coronaria y puede poner en evidencia defectos de reperfusión miocárdica. Su administración puede asociarse a una incidencia variable de efectos colaterales. Comunicamos nuestra experiencia con la administración de Dipiridamol en 286 pacientes, 223 de ellos por vía endovenosa y 63 por vía oral. El 87% de los pacientes tenía evidencia previa de enfermedad coronaria. La administración de Dipiridamol se asoció a un aumento significativo de la frecuencia cardiaca y descenso también significativo de la presión arterial. Encontramos efectos colaterales en el 29,7% de los pacientes que recibieron Dipiridamol endovenoso y en el 32,3% de los que recibieron Dipiridamol oral. El síntoma colateral más frecuente, 15,4%, fue el dolor torácico, que se presentó de preferencia, 81,3%, en pacientes con enfermedad coronaria y cedió con la administración de Trinitina y/o Aminofilina. Otros síntomas colaterales fueron cefalea, náuseas y/o vómitos, pero con una incidencia menor. Concluimos en que los síntomas colaterales durante la prueba de Talio con Dipiridamol son frecuentes, la mayoría de ellos leves y no son diferentes según el tipo de administración oral o endovenosa de la droga. El síntoma colateral más severo, dolor torácico, revierte facilmente con la administración de Trinitina o Aminofilina