RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To describe the characteristics and short-term prognostic factors of patients with prolonged stay in internal medicine. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective case series study including patients admitted to an Internal Medicine service of a university hospital with lengths of stay greater than 30 days during 5 years. Information was obtained from the Minimum Basic Data Set. Outcome variables were a very long length of stay, in-hospital mortality, and adverse outcomes in the first 30 days after discharge. RESULTS: Out of 11,948 patients, 335 (2.8%) cases had a prolonged stay. The total length of stay was 15,271 days (15% of the total length of stay of the service). The mean age was 74.5 (±13.9) years, 180 (53.7%) were male. The median length of stay was 39 (RIC 34-49) days. Intensive Care Unit admission (OR = 2.5; 95%CI 1.4-4.7; p = 0.003) and receiving a geriatric assessment (OR = 0.3; 95%CI 0.8-0.9; p = 0.042) were independent factors with an effect on very long length of stay. Having an admission in the previous year was an independent factor for an adverse outcome 30 days after discharge (OR = 2.2; 95%CI 1.0-4.8). CONCLUSIONS: The percentage of patients with prolonged length of stay is less than 3%, but they have a high impact on the activity of an internal medicine service. There are factors associated with a very long length of stay and with the presence of an early adverse outcome after discharge.
Assuntos
Alta do Paciente , Readmissão do Paciente , Idoso , Feminino , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Humanos , Tempo de Internação , Masculino , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Avian coccidiosis continues to be one of the costliest diseases of commercial poultry. Understanding the epidemiology of Eimeria species in poultry flocks and the resistance profile to common anticoccidials is important to design effective disease prevention and control strategies. This study examined litter samples to estimate the prevalence and distribution of Eimeria species among broiler farms in 4 geographic regions of Colombia. A total of 245 litter samples were collected from 194 broiler farms across representative regions of poultry production between March and August 2019. The litter samples were processed for oocysts enumeration and speciation after sporulation. End-point polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis was conducted to confirm the presence of Eimeria species. Anticoccidial sensitivity was determined with 160 Ross AP males in 5 treatment groups: noninfected, nonmedicated control (NNC), infected, nonmedicated control (INC), infected salinomycin treated (SAL, dose: 66 ppm), infected diclazuril treated (DIC, dose: 1 ppm), and infected methylbenzocuate-Clopidol treated (MET.CLO, dose: 100 ppm), All birds were orally inoculated with 1 × 106 sporulated oocysts using a 1 mL syringe, except for the NNC- group who received 1ml of water.Eimeria spp. were found in 236 (96.3%) out of 245 individual houses, representing 180 (92.8%) out of 194 farms. Eimeria acervulina was the most prevalent species (35.0%) followed by Eimeria tenella (30.9%), Eimeria maxima (20.4%), and other Eimeria spp. (13.6%). However, mixed species infections were common, with the most prevalent combination being mixtures of E. acervulina, E. maxima, E. tenella, and other species in 31.4% of the Eimeria-positive samples. PCR analysis identified E. acervulina, E. maxima, E. tenella, Eimeria necatrix, Eimeria mitis, and Eimeria praecox with variable prevalence across farms and regions. Anticoccidial sensitivity testing of strains of Eimeria isolated from 1 region, no treatment difference (P > 0.05) was observed in final weight (BW), weight gain (BWG) or feed conversion (FCR). For the global resistance index (GI) classified SAL and MET.CLO as good efficacy (85.79 and 85.49, respectively) and DIC as limited efficacy (74.52%). These results demonstrate the ubiquitous nature of Eimeria spp. and identifies the current state of sensitivity to commonly used anticoccidials in a region of poultry importance for Colombia.
Assuntos
Coccidiose , Coccidiostáticos , Eimeria , Doenças das Aves Domésticas , Animais , Galinhas , Coccidiose/tratamento farmacológico , Coccidiose/epidemiologia , Coccidiose/veterinária , Coccidiostáticos/uso terapêutico , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Fazendas , Masculino , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) can develop strokes and as a result, present neurologic and neurocognitive deficits. However, recent studies show that even without detectable cerebral parenchymal abnormalities on imaging studies, SCD patients can have significant cognitive and motor dysfunction, which can present as early as during infancy. As the cerebellum plays a pivotal role in motor and non-motor functions including sensorimotor processing and learning, we examined cerebellar behavior in humanized SCD mice using the Erasmus ladder. Homozygous (sickling) mice had significant locomotor malperformance characterized by miscoordination and impaired locomotor gait/stepping pattern adaptability. Conversely, Townes homozygous mice had no overall deficits in motor learning, as they were able to associate a conditioning stimulus (high-pitch warning tone) with the presentation of an obstacle and learned to decrease steptimes thereby increasing speed to avoid it. While these animals had no cerebellar strokes, these locomotor and adaptive gait/stepping patterns deficits were associated with oxidative stress, as well as cerebellar vascular endothelial and white matter abnormalities and blood brain barrier disruption, suggestive of ischemic injury. Taken together, these observations suggest that motor and adaptive locomotor deficits in SCD mice mirror some of those described in SCD patients and that ischemic changes in white matter and vascular endothelium and oxidative stress are biologic correlates of those deficits. These findings point to the cerebellum as an area of the central nervous system that is vulnerable to vascular and white matter injury and support the use of SCD mice for studies of the underlying mechanisms of cerebellar dysfunction in SCD.
Assuntos
Anemia Falciforme/fisiopatologia , Cerebelo/fisiopatologia , Locomoção/fisiologia , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Substância Branca/fisiopatologia , Anemia Falciforme/complicações , Anemia Falciforme/patologia , Animais , Ataxia/etiologia , Cerebelo/patologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Humanos , Camundongos , Substância Branca/patologiaRESUMO
Objetivo: Se considera que el diagnóstico del dengue es fundamentalmente clínico; sin embargo, las pruebas rápidas basadas en la detección de IgM o NS1/IgM están siendo utilizadas en los servicios de salud. Este estudio determinó la contribución de las pruebas rápidas al diagnóstico de dengue en un área endémica antes de la introducción del virus zika. Metodología: Diseño de corte transversal de pruebas diagnósticas realizado a partir del análisis secundario de un estudio previo en 14 instituciones de salud del Valle del Cauca. Se obtuvo información de 632 participantes con resultados de prueba rápida, diagnóstico clínico y pruebas de referencia ELISA NS1, ELISA IgM y RT-PCR. Se compararon la sensibilidad, especificidad, valores predictivos y razones de verosimilitud del uso solo, en serie, y paralelo de los componentes NS1, IgM, NS1/IgM de la prueba rápida y el diagnóstico clínico con las pruebas Q de Cochran y McNemar para datos pareados. Resultados: La sensibilidad del diagnóstico clínico (61,4% IC95% 56%-66,7%) fue superior a la de las pruebas rápidas (37% IC95% 29,6%-44,7%) (P Conclusión: El diagnóstico clínico tiene una mayor sensibilidad que las pruebas rápidas, pero por si solo no es suficiente para confirmar o descartar dengue. Un resultado positivo en pruebas rápidas en pacientes con diagnóstico clínico de dengue es útil para confirmarlo, pero un resultado negativo no lo descarta.
Objective: Dengue diagnosis is considered to be mainly clinical; however, rapid tests that detect IgM or NS1/IgM are being used in health services. This study assessed the contribution of rapid tests to dengue diagnosis in an endemic area before the emergence of zika virus in Colombia. Methods: Cross-sectional study of diagnostic tests based on a secondary analysis of a previous study in 14 health care institutions in Valle del Cauca department. Results of dengue rapid test, clinical diagnosis, and reference tests ELISA NS1, ELISA IgM, and RT-PCR were obtained for 632 participants. The sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and likelihood ratios of the use alone, serial and parallel combinations of NS1, IgM, NS1/IgM of the rapid test and clinical diagnosis were compared using Cochran´s Q and MacNemar tests for paired data. Results: The sensitivity of clinical diagnosis (61.4% 95%IC 56-66.7) was higher than the sensitivity of rapid tests (37% 95% IC 29.6-44.7) (P<0.001). The serial used of NS1/IgM rapid test when clinical diagnosis was negative increased the sensitivity to 79.5% and, the serial use when clinical diagnosis was positive increased the specificity (from 66.3% to 98.7%). However, the latter decreased the sensitivity to 32.2%. While all negative likelihood ratios (LR-) were close to 1, the serial use of rapid tests when clinical diagnosis was positive had LR+ higher than 10. Conclusion: The clinical diagnosis is more sensitive than rapid tests, but by itself does not confirm or rule out dengue. A positive result in rapid tests is useful to confirm dengue but a negative result does not rule it out.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Dengue , Dengue/diagnóstico , Zika virus , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/análise , Colômbia , Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico , Testes ImediatosRESUMO
In this study, we described the antifungal activity of three Brazilian propolis extracts: brown, green and from jataí bees against Sporothrix brasiliensis. The extracts were obtained from ethanolic extraction and their chemical composition was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The cellular toxicity was measured in MDBK (Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney) cells and quantified by the MTT assay (3- (4,5 dimethylthiazol-2yl -2,5-diphenyl-2H bromine tetrazolato). For antifungal activity, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were determined by broth microdilution. The results showed that cell toxicity was not observed at lower concentrations (0.097 to 0.39μg/ml) for all extracts in comparison to cell control. Among the chemical compounds identified, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid and rutin were quantified. In antifungal activity, green and jataí did not exhibit activity against the isolates (MIC and MFC greater than 0.78mg/ml). However, all isolates of S. brasiliensis were sensitive to brown propolis (MIC of 0.09 to 0.78mg/ml), including the standard strain (P<0.001). Among the Brazilian propolis studied, the brown propolis showed activity against the S. brasiliensis isolates and more studies should be undertaken in order to evaluate its promising use in the treatment of sporotrichosis.(AU)
Neste estudo, descreveu-se a atividade antifúngica de três extratos de própolis brasileiras: marrom, verde e de abelhas jataí (Tetragonisca angustula), contra Sporothrix brasiliensis. Os extratos foram obtidos de extração etanólica, e a sua composição química foi determinada por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência, acoplada à espectrometria de massa. A toxicidade celular foi medida em células MDBK (Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney), avaliada por observação microscópica e quantificada pelo ensaio MTT (3- (4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-ilo -2,5-difenil-2H bromo tetrazolato). Para a atividade antifúngica, determinou-se a concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) e a concentração fungicida mínima (CFM) por meio de microdiluição em caldo. Os resultados mostraram que a toxicidade celular não foi observada em concentrações menores (0,097 a 0,39μg/ml). Entre os compostos químicos identificados, foram quantificados o ácido cafeico, ácido p-cumárico, ácido clorogênico, ácido ferúlico e a rutina. Na atividade antifúngica, as própolis verde e jataí não apresentaram atividade contra os isolados (CIM e CFM maior que 0,78mg/ml), porém todos os isolados de S. brasiliensis foram sensíveis à própolis marrom (CIM de 0,09 a 0,78mg/ml), incluindo a cepa padrão (P<0,001). Entre as própolis brasileiras estudadas, a marrom mostrou atividade contra S. brasiliensis, e mais estudos devem ser realizados para avaliar seu uso promissor no tratamento da esporotricose.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Própole/análise , Própole/uso terapêutico , Sporothrix/isolamento & purificação , Itraconazol/uso terapêutico , Farmacorresistência Fúngica , Apiterapia/veterinária , Antifúngicos/análiseRESUMO
Aspergillus fumigatus, A. flavus e A. niger são os mais importantes agentes etiológicos da aspergilose, relevante micose aviária, com tratamento ineficaz e altas taxas de mortalidade. Em vista da importância da aspergilose, da necessidade de prospectar novos fármacos e do potencial terapêutico do óleo essencial de Origanum vulgare L. (OEO), o orégano, objetivou-se avaliar a sensibilidade in vitro de isolados clínicos de Aspergillus spp. em relação ao OEO. O óleo foi obtido por hidrodestilação em Clevenger, e a análise química realizada por cromatografia de massa (GC/MS). Observaram-se 15 diferentes compostos ativos, sendo 4-terpineol, hidrato de sabinene e timol os majoritários. Nos testes de microdiluição em caldo (Reference..., 2008), todos os isolados (n= 23) foram sensíveis ao OEO: A. fumigatus teve CIM entre 28,125mg/mL (0,1875%) e 450mg/mL (3,0%), A. flavus entre 112,5mg/mL (0,75%) e 450mg/mL, e A. niger 112,5mg/mL. CFM variou de 112,5mg/mL a 450mg/mL nos isolados de A. fumigatus, de 225mg/mL (1,5%) a 450mg/mL em A. flavus, e foi de 450mg/mL em A. niger. CIM e CFM foram idênticos em 6/14 isolados, o que demonstra que o óleo com a mesma concentração pode ter capacidade fungistática e fungicida. CIM 90 correspondeu à CIM máxima. Os resultados demonstram a atividade anti-Aspergillus do OEO, com CIM 90 de 450mg/mL (3%).(AU)
Aspergillus fumigatus, A. flavus and A. niger are the most important etiological agents of aspergillosis, a relevant avian mycosis, with innefective treatment and high mortality rates. Due the importance of aspergillosis, the necessity of prospection of new drugs and the therapeutic potential of the essential oil of Origanum vulgare L. (OEO), popularly known as oregano, aims to evaluate the in vitro sensitivity of Aspergillus spp. opposing to OEO. The oil was obtained by hydrodistillation in Clevenger, and the chemical analysis performed by mass chromatography (GC/MS). 15 different active compounds were observed, being 4-terpineol (18.4%), sabinene hydrate (15.6%) and thymol (13.6%), the majority components. In the in vitro susceptibility test, all strains showed sensitivity to OEO, MIC of Aspergillus fumigatus ranged from 28,125mg/mL (0,1875%) to 450mg/mL (3,0%), A. flavus 112,5mg/mL (0,75%) to 450mg/mL, and A. niger 112,5mg/mL. MFC ranged from 112,5mg/mL to 450mg/mL in the A. fumigatus isolates, 225mg/mL (1,5%) to 450mg/mL in A. flavus, and 450mg/mL for A. niger. The MIC and FMC values were identical in 6/14 of the isolated subjects, demonstrating that the oil with the same concentration can have fungistatic and fungicidal capacity. The results demonstrates anti-Aspergillus activities of OEO with CIM90 de 450mg/mL (3%).(AU)
Assuntos
Aspergillus/enzimologia , Óleos Voláteis/síntese química , Origanum/análise , NoxasRESUMO
TITLE: Tuberculomas optoquiasmaticos como reaccion paradojica al tratamiento de tuberculosis meningea.
Assuntos
Antituberculosos/efeitos adversos , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno , Quiasma Óptico/patologia , Tuberculoma/etiologia , Tuberculose Meníngea/patologia , Adulto , Antituberculosos/uso terapêutico , Infarto Encefálico/etiologia , Erros de Diagnóstico , Progressão da Doença , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Substituição de Medicamentos , Etambutol/efeitos adversos , Etambutol/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Humanos , Isoniazida/efeitos adversos , Isoniazida/uso terapêutico , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Meningite Viral/diagnóstico , Moxifloxacina/uso terapêutico , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/efeitos dos fármacos , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolamento & purificação , Neuroimagem , Quiasma Óptico/diagnóstico por imagem , Paresia/etiologia , Prednisona/uso terapêutico , Pirazinamida/efeitos adversos , Pirazinamida/uso terapêutico , Rifampina/efeitos adversos , Rifampina/uso terapêutico , Tálamo/irrigação sanguínea , Tuberculoma/patologia , Tuberculose Meníngea/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Tuberculose Meníngea/complicações , Tuberculose Meníngea/tratamento farmacológico , Transtornos da Visão/etiologiaRESUMO
Purification of enolase (ENO) from the cytosol of Trypanosoma cruzi indicated that it may interact with at least five other proteins. Two of them were identified as metallocarboxypeptidase-1 (TcMCP-1) and a putative acireductone dioxygenase (ARDp). Subcellular localization studies confirmed the presence of ARDp in the cytosol, as is the case for ENO and TcMCP-1. Analysis of the ARDp sequence showed that this protein has two domains, an N-terminal ARD and a C-terminal TRP14 (thioredoxin-related protein) domain. The interactions between ENO, TcMCP-1 and ARDp were confirmed for the natural proteins from the trypanosome (using size-exclusion chromatography and co-immunoprecipitation from a cytosolic fraction) and recombinant forms (using ELISA ligand-binding assay and ENO activity assays). The ELISA ligand-binding assays permitted to verify the optimal physicochemical conditions for the interactions (representative for the physiological conditions) and to determine the affinity constants (Kd): ENO/ARDp: 9.54⯱â¯0.82â¯nM, ARDp/ENO 10.05⯱â¯1.11â¯nM, and ENO/TcMCP-1: 5.66⯱â¯0.61â¯nM. The data also show that the interaction between TcMCP-1 and ARDp is mediated by ENO acting as a "bridge". Furthermore, considerable inhibition of the ENO activity, up to 85%, is observed when the enzyme interacts with TcMCP-1 and ARDp simultaneously. All these data confirm that the interaction between ENO, TcMCP-1 and ARDp, occurring in T. cruzi's cytosol, modulates the ENO activity and suggest a possible physiological mechanism for regulation of the ENO activity by the protein-protein interaction.
Assuntos
Carboxipeptidases/metabolismo , Dioxigenases/metabolismo , Fosfopiruvato Hidratase/metabolismo , Proteínas de Protozoários/metabolismo , Trypanosoma cruzi/enzimologia , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Sítios de Ligação , Carboxipeptidases/química , Carboxipeptidases/genética , Cromatografia em Gel , Clonagem Molecular , Citosol/enzimologia , Dioxigenases/química , Dioxigenases/genética , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Imunoprecipitação , Cinética , Fosfopiruvato Hidratase/antagonistas & inibidores , Fosfopiruvato Hidratase/química , Fosfopiruvato Hidratase/genética , Ligação Proteica , Domínios e Motivos de Interação entre Proteínas , Proteínas de Protozoários/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas de Protozoários/química , Proteínas de Protozoários/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/metabolismo , Análise de Sequência de Proteína , Trypanosoma cruzi/genéticaRESUMO
Drug-resistant epilepsy, a chronic condition with long-term consequences can be treated with surgery. The efficacy and safety of surgery for temporal lobe epilepsy have been established through a large number of retrospective and prospective cohort studies and two randomized controlled clinical trials. Despite the excellent outcomes reported after surgery, the literature suggests that this procedure is an underutilized treatment. While evidence is lacking as to why epilepsy surgery is underused, cited reasons include: failure of primary care physicians and neurologists to provide information and identify patients who could be referred for surgery; different levels of technology at various centers, resulting in different candidate selection strategies; the belief that epilepsy surgery is a risky procedure and that it should be only viewed as the last option; patient preference to avoid surgery; parents wanting to wait until their child is old enough to participate in the decision-making process regarding surgery; unwillingness of insurers to cover the expenses associated with presurgical evaluations or lack of insurance; racial and social disparities, among others. In this paper we review the available epidemiological data about lack of utilization of epilepsy surgery.
TITLE: Barreras de acceso a la cirugia de la epilepsia: revision de la bibliografia.La epilepsia farmacorresistente es una condicion cronica con consecuencias a largo plazo que puede ser tratada quirurgicamente. La eficacia y la seguridad de la cirugia de la epilepsia del lobulo temporal se han establecido a traves de un gran numero de estudios de cohorte retrospectivos y prospectivos y dos ensayos clinicos controlados aleatorizados. A pesar de los excelentes resultados comunicados con la cirugia, la bibliografia sugiere que este procedimiento es un tratamiento subutilizado. Aunque no existe evidencia de esto, entre algunos de los motivos descritos se apuntan el fallo de los medicos de atencion primaria y los neurologos en proveer informacion, identificar y remitir a los pacientes a un centro de cirugia; los diferentes niveles de tecnologia en los centros, lo que provoca distintas estrategias de seleccion de los candidatos; la creencia de que la cirugia de la epilepsia es un procedimiento arriesgado que deberia contemplarse solo como ultima opcion; la preferencia del paciente por evitar la cirugia; el deseo de los padres de esperar hasta que sus hijos sean lo suficientemente mayores para participar en el proceso de toma de decisiones; el hecho de que las aseguradoras no cubran los gastos asociados con las evaluaciones prequirurgicas o la carencia de un seguro medico, y la desigualdad racial y social, entre otros. En este articulo se revisan los datos epidemiologicos disponibles en relacion con la falta de acceso a la cirugia de la epilepsia.
Assuntos
Lobectomia Temporal Anterior , Epilepsia Resistente a Medicamentos/cirurgia , Epilepsia do Lobo Temporal/cirurgia , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Humanos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) due to gunshot-wounds (GSW) is a critical situation in the pediatric population. The aim of this study is to characterize TBI in this population since there are few reports that describe it especially in Colombia where its incidence is high, also to determine which were the main mortality predictor within our population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study in which we reviewed pediatric medical records of patients that had consulted at the Fundacion Valle del Lili pediatric Emergency Room between January of 2011 and December of 2015 because of TBI due to GSW. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS: In our sample of 32 patients the average age was of 13.3 (SD ± 5.4) and with 75% male patients. In our sample the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) at entry was less than 8 in 59.38%, a 15.6% needed craniotomy and 81.2% were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Death occurred in 43.75% of cases. The following mortality predictors were obtained: GCS at entry, pupillary exam and light reflexes, ISS, Marshal Score, absence of basal cisterns and presence of subarachnoid hemorrhage in CT scan, and APACHE II. CONCLUSIONS: TBI due to GSW is a devastating entity, especially in the pediatric population, they are responsible of high mortality and disability rates. There were no significant findings regarding infection rates and the use of surgery as a preventive method, therefore there's a chance it might not be indicated.
OBJETIVO: El traumatismo craneoencefálico (TCE) secundario a heridas por arma de fuego (HPAF) es una situación crítica, especialmente en la población pediátrica. El objetivo de este estudio es caracterizar el TCE en esta población dado que existen pocos reportes al respecto, especialmente en Colombia, y determinar cuáles fueron los principales predictores de mortalidad en nuestra población. MATERIALES Y METODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo en el cual se revisaron historias clínicas pediátricas de aquellos pacientes que consultaron al servicio de urgencias de la Fundación Valle del Lili entre enero de 2011 y diciembre de 2015 por TCE debido a HPAF. Se ejecutó un análisis estadístico descriptivo con las variables a considerar. RESULTADOS: Se obtuvo una muestra de 32 pacientes con una edad promedio de 13,3 (SD ± 5,4) y de predominio masculino (75%). Se encontró que el Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) de ingreso < 8 se presentó en el 59,38% de los casos con un 15,6% que requirieron craniectomía y un 81,2% fue hospitalizado en Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo (UCI). El 43,75% fallecieron. Se obtuvieron los siguientes predictores de mortalidad: GCS de ingreso, examen y reflejos pupilares, ISS, Marshall Score, cisternas basales cerradas y presencia de hemorragia subaracnoidea en la tomografía axial computarizada y APACHE II. CONCLUSIONES: En la presente serie, no se encontró evidencia significativa entre los pacientes tratados quirúrgicamente o no, lo cual podría sugerir que un manejo conservador, individualizando cada caso, es una conducta aceptable y segura.
Assuntos
Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/epidemiologia , Craniotomia/estatística & dados numéricos , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/etiologia , Ferimentos por Arma de Fogo/epidemiologia , APACHE , Adolescente , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/mortalidade , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/terapia , Criança , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Escala de Coma de Glasgow , Hospitais Gerais , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/diagnóstico por imagem , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/epidemiologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Ferimentos por Arma de Fogo/mortalidade , Ferimentos por Arma de Fogo/terapiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To reach standardized terminology in focal therapy (FT) for prostate cancer (PCa). METHODS: A four-stage modified Delphi consensus project was undertaken among a panel of international experts in the field of FT for PCa. Data on terminology in FT was collected from the panel by three rounds of online questionnaires. During a face-to-face meeting on June 21, 2015, attended by 38 experts, all data from the online rounds were reviewed and recommendations for definitions were formulated. RESULTS: Consensus was attained on 23 of 27 topics; Targeted FT was defined as a lesion-based treatment strategy, treating all identified significant cancer foci; FT was generically defined as an anatomy-based (zonal) treatment strategy. Treatment failure due to the ablative energy inadequately destroying treated tissue is defined as ablation failure. In targeting failure the energy is not adequately applied to the tumor spatially and selection failure occurs when a patient was wrongfully selected for FT. No definition of biochemical recurrence can be recommended based on the current data. Important definitions for outcome measures are potency (minimum IIEF-5 score of 21), incontinence (new need for pads or leakage) and deterioration in urinary function (increase in IPSS >5 points). No agreement on the best quality of life tool was established, but UCLA-EPIC and EORTC-QLQ-30 were most commonly supported by the experts. A complete overview of statements is presented in the text. CONCLUSION: Focal therapy is an emerging field of PCa therapeutics. Standardization of definitions helps to create comparable research results and facilitate clear communication in clinical practice.
Assuntos
Consenso , Técnica Delphi , Neoplasias da Próstata/terapia , Qualidade de Vida , Terapia Combinada/normas , Humanos , Masculino , Antígeno Prostático Específico/sangue , Neoplasias da Próstata/sangue , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Chronic dysglycemia was recently identified as a predictor for adverse outcomes in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated by percutaneous coronary intervention. Data for non-diabetic patients who underwent thrombolysis is scarce. In this context, we aimed to study the effect of HbA1c on cardiovascular outcome after STEMI. METHODS: A prospective cohort of 326 non-diabetic STEMI individuals was used for the analyses. We measured plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c], lipid profile, C-reactive protein (CRP), and nitrate/nitrite (NOx) upon admission and five days after STEMI (D5). Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was performed 30 days after STEMI. During clinical follow-up, we assessed patients for incident diabetes (progression to HbA1c ≥ 6.5%) and major adverse cardiac events (MACE), defined as a composite of fatal and non-fatal MI, sudden cardiac death, and angina requiring hospitalization. RESULTS: Using ROC-curve analysis, a 5.8% HbA1c best predicted MACE with a sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 53% (AUC 0.673, p = 0.001). Patients were categorized as high HbA1c if ≥ 5.8% and low HbA1c if <5.8%. Compared with patients with low HbA1c, those with high HbA1c presented with 20% higher CRP-D5 (p = 0.009) and 19% higher ΔCRP (p = 0.01), a 32% decrease in ΔNOx (p < 0.001), and 33% lower FMD (p < 0.001). After a median follow-up of 1.9 (1.1-2.8) years, patients with high HbA1c had more incident diabetes (HR 2.3 95% CI 1.01-5.2; p = 0.048) and MACE (HR 3.32 95% CI 1.09-10.03; p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Non-diabetic STEMI patients with high HbA1c present with decreased endothelial function and increased inflammatory response and long-term risk of MACE.
Assuntos
Endotélio Vascular/fisiopatologia , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/análise , Infarto do Miocárdio/sangue , Idoso , Glicemia/análise , Artéria Braquial/patologia , Proteína C-Reativa/análise , Angiografia Coronária , Diabetes Mellitus , Dieta , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Inflamação , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infarto do Miocárdio/complicações , Óxido Nítrico/química , Admissão do Paciente , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea , Estudos Prospectivos , Curva ROC , Fatores de Risco , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
We show a new laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) setup based on a small, ultracompact, and low-cost excitation source developed by the authors. The laser is a compact Nd:YAG laser emitting in the multipulse Q-switch regime and is capable of delivering a bunch of pulses with a total energy up to 300 mJ. The developed system is applied to the analysis of Pb and Cu contaminants on fish. LIBS spectra were obtained from scales, muscle, and skin of fresh and frozen samples. The developed excitation source is able to detect 0.25 mg/Kg and 0.20 mg/Kg of Pb and Cu, respectively. In this way, the equipment seems to be adequate to achieve a screening analysis of those contaminants.
Assuntos
Ciclídeos/metabolismo , Cobre/análise , Análise de Alimentos/instrumentação , Chumbo/análise , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização e Dessorção a Laser Assistida por Matriz/instrumentação , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Animais , Bioensaio/instrumentação , Desenho de Equipamento , Análise de Falha de Equipamento , Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Lasers , Miniaturização , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Studies in population genetics suggest an important relationship between the eNOS G894T polymorphism and occurrence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), with little known on its influence on the post-AMI period. AIM: To investigate the association of allelic variants produced by the G894T transversion in eNOS (rs1799983) with post-AMI variables. METHODS: Cross-sectional analyses of anthropometric, clinical and laboratory assessments obtained within the first 24h and after 5 and 30 days of the AMI event across T carriers and G homozygotes of eNOS in 371 consecutive cases of AMI with ST-segment elevation admitted to a Brazilian emergency service in cardiology. Genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction followed by enzymatic restriction. RESULTS: Despite no difference between genotypic groups on aspects as Killip-Kimbal classification scores, extension of infarcted mass, lipid profile or pattern of medication use, an increase in serum nitric oxide from admission to day 5 was higher for T carriers (p<0.001). Thirty days post-AMI, peripheral blood flow reserve was larger among T carriers either by flow- (p=0.037) and nitrate-mediated (p=0.040) dilation testing. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest an association of the eNOS 894T allele with an apparent improvement in late arterial function in post-AMI patients.
Assuntos
Infarto do Miocárdio/enzimologia , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo III/genética , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Estudos de Associação Genética , Genótipo , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infarto do Miocárdio/genética , Infarto do Miocárdio/fisiopatologia , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica , VasodilataçãoRESUMO
The present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial action of Origanum vulgare, Origanum majorana, Mentha piperita and Rosmarinus officinalis on Pythium insidiosum oomycete zoospores. The antimicrobial activity evaluation was performed by the broth microdilution method according to CSLI M38-A2 documentation adapted to phytopharmaceuticals. Twenty-two P. insidiosum isolates were evaluated, and the minimum inhibitory concentration was determined at 100% growth inhibition. All P. insidiosum isolates evaluated showed a minimum inhibitory concentration ranging from 0.05 to 1.75 mg/mL when O. vulgare oil was used and from 0.11 to 3.5 mg/mL for O. majorana, M. piperita and R. officinalis oils. The results obtained indicate that the essential oils tested showed antimicrobial activity on P. insidiosum, with O. vulgare essential oil showing the best performance. These findings emphasize the potential use of plant essential oils as control agents in P. insidiosum infections; further research, however, is needed so as the in vivo activity of these oils can also be evaluated.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Lamiaceae/química , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Pythium/efeitos dos fármacos , Anti-Infecciosos/química , Anti-Infecciosos/isolamento & purificação , Brasil , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Óleos Voláteis/química , Óleos Voláteis/isolamento & purificação , Óleos de Plantas/química , Óleos de Plantas/isolamento & purificação , Pythium/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
Peritoneal tuberculosis is an uncommon complication of peritoneal dialysis in Europe. It is more common in Asian immigrants. A delayed diagnosis is frequent and impairs patient outcomes. We present two cases of peritoneal tuberculosis with common features that may help suspect the disease early countries with a low incidence. Both patients were females (of Spanish origin) who had recently restarted peritoneal dialysis following kidney transplantation. Both developed bacterial peritonitis clinically that was refractory to conventional antibiotics, despite clearance of bacteria. Both stopped calcium-containing phosphate binders because of increasing serum calcium that in one case led to frank hypercalcemia that persisted despite low calcium dialysate. Peritoneal biopsy was the first positive test in both cases. This report emphasizes the recent return from transplantation and rising serum calcium levels as features that should alert the physician of a potential underlying tuberculous peritonitis.
Assuntos
Cálcio/sangue , Falência Renal Crônica/sangue , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolamento & purificação , Diálise Peritoneal , Peritonite Tuberculosa/diagnóstico , Adulto , Antituberculosos/uso terapêutico , Cálcio/análise , Feminino , Febre/etiologia , Humanos , Falência Renal Crônica/terapia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Peritonite Tuberculosa/tratamento farmacológico , Peritonite Tuberculosa/microbiologia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare the in vitro susceptibilities of 22 Brazilian isolates of Pythium insidiosum to antifungals using a standardized inoculum of zoospores and a proposed novel inoculum prepared from cultured mycelia (hyphae) of P. insidiosum. METHODS: A zoospore suspension of P. insidiosum was obtained by the zoosporogenesis technique. The hyphal inoculum was prepared from a suspension of P. insidiosum mycelium. Susceptibility to each drug was evaluated using the CLSI M38-A2 method. RESULTS: Of the 88 MIC comparisons performed, 36 (41%) showed the same MIC value for the two inocula. The agreement (differences not greater than one dilution) between MICs obtained with both types of inocula was 39.8% (35/88). In other MIC comparisons analysed, 17 (19.3%) showed differences of two or three dilutions. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the use of hyphal inocula of P. insidiosum for in vitro susceptibility tests could be a suitable method for evaluating antimicrobial susceptibility, particularly when it is not possible to obtain a standardized zoospore inoculum.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Pythium/efeitos dos fármacos , Doenças dos Animais/microbiologia , Animais , Cães , Cavalos , Pitiose/microbiologiaRESUMO
The decrease in insulin sensitivity (IS) during myocardial infarction (MI) is recognized as a possible contributor to poor patient outcomes. Despite its potential relevance, a standardized and convenient IS assessment tool has yet to be established for said clinical scenarios. This study aimed to validate the accuracy of surrogate indexes in determining IS in acute MI patients by comparison with the gold standard reference method for measuring IS, the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp (EHC). We performed EHCs in 31 consecutive nondiabetic patients who were admitted within the first 24 h of symptoms of ST-segment elevation MI. Patients with prior diagnosis of diabetes, use of hypoglycemic agents, or a glycosylated hemoglobin ≥6.5% were excluded. EHCs were performed at the second day (D2) and sixth day (D6) post-MI. Basal (12-h fasting) blood samples from D2 and D6 were used to evaluate patient blood glucose and insulin levels. We then calculated the following surrogate indexes: homeostatic model assessment of insulin sensitivity (HOMA2S), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI). The IS index measured by EHC (ISiclamp) was correlated to HOMA2S, HOMA-IR, and QUICKI at D2 (r = 0.485, P = 0.009; r = -0.384, P = 0.048; r = 0.479, P = 0.01, respectively) and D6 (r = 0.621, P = 0.002; r = -0.576, P = 0.006; r = 0.626, P = 0.002, respectively). Receiver operator characteristic curves made for discrimination of ISiclamp above the median in D2 and D6 depicted areas under the curve of 0.740, 0.734, and 0.760 for HOMA2S, HOMA-IR, and QUICKI, respectively. Bland-Altman plots displayed no apparent systematic error for indexes, but a propensity for proportional error, particularly with HOMA-IR. Thus, based on EHC, these simple surrogate indexes are feasible for assessing IS during MI.
Assuntos
Glicemia/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/diagnóstico , Resistência à Insulina/fisiologia , Insulina , Infarto do Miocárdio/sangue , Idoso , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangue , Jejum/sangue , Feminino , Técnica Clamp de Glucose , Humanos , Insulina/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Anthracnose crown rot is an important disease of strawberry primarily caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in Florida and North Carolina. Information on the magnitude of additive and nonadditive genetic variation is required to define breeding strategies and to estimate potential genetic gains. However, little is known about the genetic control of resistance and its utility in breeding. Our objectives were to obtain estimates of heritabilities and of components of genetic variances, genotype-environment interactions, and gains for resistance, and to examine the effects of locations and transplant types on the estimates. An incomplete diallel mating design generated 42 full-sib families, which were propagated in plugs from seed (seedling tests) and as bare-root runner plants (clonal tests) of different genotypes of the same families. Both seedlings and clones were inoculated with C. gloeosporioides under field conditions in North Carolina and Florida during the 2010-11 season. Narrow-sense heritability (h(2)) and broad-sense heritability (H(2)) for both clones and seedlings were higher at the North Carolina location (h(2) = 0.34 to 0.62 and H(2) = 0.46 to 0.85) than at the Florida location (h(2) = 0.16 to 0.22 and H(2) = 0.37 to 0.46). Likewise, the seedling tests showed higher genetic control than the clonal tests at both locations. Estimates of dominance variance were approximately one-third of the additive variance at North Carolina and were even larger at Florida. Epistasis was negative at both locations and assumed zero for heritability (H(2)) calculations. Genotype-environment interactions were different by transplant type, suggesting rank changes across locations. 'Pelican' was the most resistant parent at both locations, followed by 'NCH09-68' at the NC location and 'Winter Dawn' at the Florida location. Selection and deployment of the most resistant clone within each of the five best families is estimated to produce average genetic gains of 53.0 and 73.7% at the North Carolina and Florida locations, respectively.
Assuntos
Colletotrichum/fisiologia , Resistência à Doença , Fragaria/genética , Variação Genética , Modelos Estatísticos , Doenças das Plantas/imunologia , Cruzamento , Meio Ambiente , Florida , Fragaria/imunologia , Fragaria/microbiologia , Interação Gene-Ambiente , Genótipo , North Carolina , Fenótipo , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Doenças das Plantas/estatística & dados numéricos , Raízes de Plantas/genética , Raízes de Plantas/imunologia , Raízes de Plantas/microbiologia , Plântula/genética , Plântula/imunologia , Plântula/microbiologiaRESUMO
This study reports the first bicephalic embryo of smalltail shark Carcharhinus porosus, which was removed from a pregnant female in coastal waters of the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean. The observation suggested that although the individual's body was well formed, the malformation of the head would have affected it survival.