RESUMO
The impact that humans have on zoo animals can vary based on the species of animal, exhibit design, and individual differences in behavioral responses. We independently analyzed data from 10 never-published studies that examined the impact of zoo visitors on zoo animal behavior. Of the 16 species studied, 90.9% of the mammal species and 60.0% of the fish species demonstrated a change in at least one behavior based on zoo visitor abundance or visitor behavior (e.g., noise, solicitation of interactions from zoo animals). In addition, behavioral changes associated with zoo visitors were present in animals housed in exhibits where there was direct contact with zoo visitors, as well as in exhibits where there was indirect contact and no direct contact. Individuals often varied in their behavioral responses, and some individuals appeared to seek out interactions with visitors. Our findings demonstrate that short-term research projects can provide valuable insight into individual animal-level and species-level responses to visitor abundance and visitor behavior in the zoo setting. We recommend that behavioral assessments focus on the analysis of behaviors of individual animals whenever possible, and we recommend that exhibits provide areas that allow for animals to retreat from the public view.
RESUMO
This case series depicts dental anomalies that may develop in children who have undergone bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The most common finding in these patients was root stunting; other abnormalities included microdontia, hypodontia, taurodontia, caries, enamel pearls, and pulpal calcification. Recognition of these adverse effects of BMT on odontogenesis, as demonstrated on panoramic radiograph images, will allow healthcare providers to explain to parents and patients the possible dental outcomes associated with BMT and to optimize their dental health regimen.