RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) holds a leading place among natural focal human diseases in Russian Federation. There is no etiotropic therapy for the disease now. The vaccine prophylaxis is the most effective method to control this infection. The main criteria for inactivated vaccines evaluation are its immunogenicity and specific activity.The study purposes were to develop a sensitive and specific real-time PCR method for viral RNA quantification in the inactivated vaccine and to study the correlation between the viral RNA amount and vaccine immunogenicity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: L-segment fragments of the Puumala, Hantaan, and Sochi vaccine strains were selected as diagnostic targets for oligonucleotides and fluorescent probes. The immunogenicity of experimental vaccines was determined by the induction of neutralizing antibodies in BALB/c mice. RESULTS: A highly specific, sensitive and reproducible real-time PCR method has been developed. The analytical sensitivity was 1.24 ± 1.5 x 102 copies/ml for Puumala virus; 1.16 ± 1.4 * 102 copies/ml for Hantaan; 1.32 ± 1.8 * 102 copies/ ml for Sochi, with a virus content of 1.5 ± 0.5 lg FFU/ml; 1.8 ± 0.5 lg FFU/ml and 2.2 ± 0.5 lg FFU/ml, respectively. The viral RNA amount in experimental vaccine preparations inactivated with ß-propiolactone was proportional to the neutralizing antibodies titer observed in mice following the immunization. DISCUSSION: It was found that different virus inactivators differently affects the detected viral RNA amount, but not the vaccine immunogenicity, which indicates the same degree of the immunogenic proteins damage. The direct relationship between the viral RNA copy number and vaccine immunogenicity makes it possible to use this criterion for vaccine dosage preparation. CONCLUSION: The developed method for viral RNA quantification is a promising tool for the specific activity control of the HFRS vaccine.
Assuntos
Febre Hemorrágica com Síndrome Renal , Vacinas Virais , Animais , Anticorpos Neutralizantes , Anticorpos Antivirais , Febre Hemorrágica com Síndrome Renal/prevenção & controle , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , RNA Viral/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Vacinas de Produtos InativadosRESUMO
The immunomodulatory properties of immunobiological drugs Glutoxim and Phosprenyl we well as vesicular stomatitis virus and inactivated tick-borne encephalitis vaccine virus were studied using human diploid fibroblast cell line from the collection of M. P. Chumakov Federal Research Center for Research and Development of Immunobiological Products. All tested preparations exhibited immunomodulatory activity in human diploid fibroblast cell line. Glutoxim in doses of 0.1 and 0.25 µg/ml stimulated production of IL-6 and IL-10 during 24-48 h of culturing, but did not stimulate production of IL-1ß. Phosprenyl, on the contrary, increased production of IL-1ß and the levels of IL-6 and IL-10. Vesicular stomatitis virus stimulated the production of IL-1ß, IL-6, and IL-10, while inactivated tick-borne encephalitis vaccine virus stimulated the production of cytokines IL-8 and IL-18. Immunomodulatory activity of inactivated tick-borne encephalitis vaccine virus was first demonstrated in the in vitro system.
Assuntos
Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos/métodos , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Diploide , Vírus da Encefalite Transmitidos por Carrapatos/metabolismo , Fibroblastos/virologia , Humanos , Fatores Imunológicos/farmacologia , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Interleucina-10/metabolismo , Interleucina-18/metabolismo , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Interleucina-8/metabolismo , Músculos/metabolismo , Fosfatos de Poli-Isoprenil/farmacologia , Pele/metabolismo , Carrapatos , Fatores de Tempo , Vírus da Estomatite Vesicular IndianaRESUMO
We studied the sensitivity of domestic proprietary human and animal cell lines from the collection of M. P. Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immuneand-Biological Products to infection with different enterovirus 71 strains. A cell system based on domestic proprietary permanent cell line 4647 was for the first time used for reproduction of four enterovirus 71 strains (BrCr, 42266, 42934, and 43374). It was shown that strain 4647 is the optimal cell substrate for enterovirus 71 reproduction. The titers of enterovirus 71 for all four strains considerably (by 2 lgTCID50/ml and more) increased during sequential passages in permanent cell line 4647. The prospects of using permanent cell line 4647 for creation of diagnostic and preventive preparations against 71 was demonstrated.
Assuntos
Enterovirus Humano A/fisiologia , Células Epiteliais/virologia , Células Musculares/virologia , Replicação Viral , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Chlorocebus aethiops , Células Epiteliais/patologia , Humanos , Células Musculares/patologia , Carga ViralRESUMO
AIM: Study of antiviral activity of moraprenil phosphates (MPP) against herpes simplex type 1 virus (HSV1) in vitro and during experimental infection caused by HSV1 in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Activity of MPP in vitro was tested by the ability to suppress formation of symplasts in VERO cells infected with HSV1, strain VR-3. A series of MPP that suppress virus-induced symplast-formation by 30 times was selected for in vivo experiments. Anti-viral activity of MPP in vivo was studied in HSV-1 infected mice after administration of either prophylaxis or therapy regimens. RESULTS: MPP at the dose of 20 microg/mice during s/c administration exhibited a pronounced prophylactic-therapeutic effect. Effectiveness of MPP during clinically evident herpes against the background of developing neurologic symptoms was demonstrated for the first time. Visual observation of the mice, that had received MPP as the first clinical symptoms of the disease appeared, has shown that against the background of preparation injection the clinical signs have ceased after 2 - 3 days and did not registered at least for the whole duration of the observation period (14 days). CONCLUSION: Active herpes infection is accompanied by the increase of FoxP3 expression in-thymus was shown. Possible mechanisms of anti-viral effect of MPP are discussed.
Assuntos
Antivirais/farmacologia , Doenças Transmissíveis/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Herpesviridae/tratamento farmacológico , Herpesvirus Humano 1/efeitos dos fármacos , Organofosfatos/farmacologia , Animais , Chlorocebus aethiops , Infecções por Herpesviridae/virologia , Herpesvirus Humano 1/patogenicidade , Humanos , Camundongos , Células Vero , Ativação Viral/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
The review is dedicated to immunologic adjuvants--various natural and synthetics substances that are added to vaccines for stimulation of specific immune response, but they do not induce specific response themselves. Critically important is the selection of the correct adjuvants, for which mechanisms of effect on immune system are studied the most. The majority of these mechanisms as well as physical-chemical and biological features of modern adjuvants are analyzed in the review. The problem of safety of adjuvants, types of immune response induced by adjuvants of various nature, excipients that are being verified or already in use in modern medicine and veterinary are also examined.
Assuntos
Adjuvantes Imunológicos , Doenças dos Animais , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis/métodos , Vacinas , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/química , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Doenças dos Animais/imunologia , Doenças dos Animais/prevenção & controle , Animais , Humanos , Vacinas/química , Vacinas/imunologia , Vacinas/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
AIM: Study of macrophage migration inhibiting factor (MIF) effect after intracerebral administration on the course of experimental infection induced in mice by tick borne encephalitis virus (TEV), and study of sodium polyprenyl phosphate (PPP) and/or antibodies against MIF on the course of this infection against the background of MIF administration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Phosprenil preparation was used as a source of PPP. PPP was administered intracerebrally. MIF--human recombinant (R&D, USA), mice--Balb/c line. RESULTS: In the sera of mice infected with TEV, MIF production stimulation was detected at days 8 through 10 after the infection--against the background of clinical signs presentation of tick borne encephalitis (TE). Administration of PPP to infected mice, on the contrary, resulted in MIF production suppression at the specified period. After administration of 20 ng of MIF to mice, lethality increased by 40% and average life span decreased by 2.3 days. Thus, MIF at high doses caused an increase of infection course severity, induced by TEV in mice, and administration of 60 microg of PPP resulted in the protection from infection in 100% of cases. Intracerebral administrationto mice of antibodies against MIF resulted in a decrease of lethality indicator up to 26% as compared with control and an increase of averagelife span by 5.5 days. During simultaneous administration into the brain of infected mice of MIF, PPP and antibodies against MIF, prevention of MIF-induced increase of TE course severity was registered. CONCLUSION: The data obtained allow to conclude that MIF may serve as an indicator of TE course severity, and possible prognostic indicator of meningo-encephalitic form development in humans.
Assuntos
Vírus da Encefalite Transmitidos por Carrapatos , Encefalite Transmitida por Carrapatos/imunologia , Fatores Inibidores da Migração de Macrófagos/imunologia , Fosfatos de Poli-Isoprenil/imunologia , Animais , Anticorpos/imunologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Humanos , Fatores Inibidores da Migração de Macrófagos/administração & dosagem , Camundongos , Fosfatos de Poli-Isoprenil/administração & dosagemRESUMO
Expressed antiviral activity of Fortepren (FP) and Gamapren (GP), polyprenyl phosphate (PPP)-contaning agents, was demonstrated in experiments on mice infected with the human herpes simplex virus, type 1 (HSV1) or the vernal encephalitis virus (VEV). Since both the viral infections are of great social significance, the PPP-containing agents should be considered prospective for the medical practice. The experimental data suggested that both the drugs considerably inhibited the VEV infectiousness in the susceptible cell culture. The quantity of protein E, the main immunogen of VEV, in the culture fluid of the VEV infected cells was shown to be markedly lowered under the effect of FP and GP. It was demonstrated for the first time that FP and GP significantly inhibited evolution of the VEV protein E in the cell culture J-96. The experiments with the infectious rhinotracheitis virus (IRTV) of the corned cattle revealed that FP and GP greatly retarded the HSV1 development in the susceptible cell culture. One of the mechanisms of the antiviral action of the PPP-containing agents was likely the effect on the evolution of the virus proteins in the cells. The impact of FP on production of some key cytokines (CT) was studied on mice with experimental vernal encephalitis (IFN-gamma, IL-4 and IL-12). The content of the above mentioned CT in blood of the mice was determined by the IFA test. Under the normal conditions and in the mice infected with VEV, production of IL-12 and IFN-gamma was shown to be stimulated during the first 3-5 days after the FP administration, whereas in the animals not exposed to FP there was observed stimulation of the IL-4 production during the first 3 days after the contamination, followed by increased production of IL-12 and IFN-gamma.
Assuntos
Antivirais/farmacologia , Interferon gama/imunologia , Interleucina-12/imunologia , Interleucina-4/imunologia , Fosfatos de Poli-Isoprenil/farmacologia , Viroses/imunologia , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Viroses/dietoterapiaRESUMO
Infection with many encephalitic viruses is associated with the induction of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-6. In some situations, induction of high levels of this cytokine is associated with a protective response, but in others it can be linked to tissue damage and disease. In the studies reported here, levels of serum IL-6 and virus-specific antibodies were measured on admission to hospital and correlated with clinical outcomes. Only some patients demonstrated raised levels of serum IL-6, and there was no correlation between high levels of this cytokine and either gender or the severity of clinical disease. A statistically significant association between raised IL-6 and age was observed, with all individuals below the age of 26 showing normal levels of serum IL-6, regardless of clinical presentation. Furthermore, not all patients had detectable levels of virus-specific serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies, but an inverse and statistically significant correlation between raised IL-6 levels and IgG titre was observed. Consequently, serum levels of IL-6 cannot be used as a reliable indicator of disease outcome.
Assuntos
Encefalite Transmitida por Carrapatos/imunologia , Interleucina-6/sangue , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Biomarcadores/sangue , Vírus da Encefalite Transmitidos por Carrapatos/imunologia , Feminino , Hospitalização , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , PrognósticoRESUMO
Phenomenon of antibody dependent tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) infectivity enhancement in the human monocytic cell culture J-96 has been studied. Three specific commercial sera that are generally used for therapy and prevention of TBE in humans were used. Results showed that enhancement of TBEV infectivity was markedly apparent following use of 2 out of 3 studied sera. Data obtained in the study prove that phenomenon of antibody dependent TBEV infectivity enhancement in monocytes cell culture may exist, but conditions for its realization in the organism are very unlikely due to the narrow range of antibodies' concentration and quantity of viral particles. A the same time, the fact of possible aggravation of TBE course after use of specific antisera for treatment and prevention of TBE in humans should not be ignored.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Facilitadores , Vírus da Encefalite Transmitidos por Carrapatos/imunologia , Vírus da Encefalite Transmitidos por Carrapatos/patogenicidade , Encefalite Transmitida por Carrapatos/imunologia , Soros Imunes/imunologia , Linhagem Celular , Humanos , Monócitos/imunologia , Monócitos/virologiaRESUMO
Influence of moraprenylphosphates (phosphorylated polyprenol of plant origin) upon the accumulation of Taylor murine encephalomyelitis virus VP3 protein in the susceptible cell cultures was studied. It has been shown that moraprenylphosphates inhibited the accumulation of VP3 at early stages of infectious process. Moraprenylphosphates were found to decrease infectivity of the virus as well as virus-induced cellular apoptosis. Mechanisms of immunomodulating and antiviral activity of moraprenylphosphates and prospects of their use as antiviral drugs have been discussed.
Assuntos
Antivirais/farmacologia , Fosfatos de Poli-Isoprenil/farmacologia , Theilovirus/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Proteínas do Capsídeo/biossíntese , Proteínas do Capsídeo/efeitos dos fármacos , Infecções por Cardiovirus/virologia , Linhagem Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular/virologia , Cricetinae , Camundongos , Theilovirus/patogenicidade , Theilovirus/fisiologia , Virulência/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Potentially immunoactive regions of the NS1 nonstructural protein of the tick-borne encephalitis virus that can stimulate the antibody formation in vivo and protect animals from this disease were chosen on the basis of theoretical calculations. Eleven 16- to 27-aa peptides containing the chosen regions were synthesized. The ability of the free peptides (without any high-molecular-mass carrier) to stimulate the production of antipeptide antibodies in mice of three lines and ensure the formation of protective immunity was studied. Most of these peptides were shown to exhibit the immunogenic activity in a free state. Five fragments that can protect mice from the infection by a lethal dose of tick-borne encephalitis virus were found.
Assuntos
Encefalite Transmitida por Carrapatos/prevenção & controle , Peptídeos/imunologia , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/imunologia , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Imunização , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Peptídeos/química , Peptídeos/uso terapêutico , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/química , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Linear immunogenic peptides corresponding to amino acid sequences from the NS1 non-structural protein from tick-borne encephalitis virus (strain Sophyin) were predicted using established algorithms and synthesized. Of the 12 peptides predicted, 11 were able to induce peptide-specific antibodies in BALB/c mice but only 1 of these 11 was able to induce antibodies, which reacted with the native protein in a radio-immune precipitation assay. This peptide corresponds to amino acids 37--55, and forms one of the predicted structurally conserved alpha helices of the virus NS1 protein. It was able to protect 60% of animals against lethal challenge with the homologous highly pathogenic tick-borne encephalitis virus strain, and adoptive transfer experiments indicated the involvement of the antibodies induced by this peptide in its protective activity in mice.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Vírus da Encefalite Transmitidos por Carrapatos/imunologia , Encefalite Transmitida por Carrapatos/prevenção & controle , Peptídeos/síntese química , Peptídeos/imunologia , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/imunologia , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/imunologia , Especificidade de Anticorpos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Encefalite Transmitida por Carrapatos/imunologia , Encefalite Transmitida por Carrapatos/mortalidade , Imunização , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Peptídeos/química , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/química , Vacinas Virais/administração & dosagem , Vacinas Virais/imunologiaRESUMO
The study of the functional activity of peritoneal macrophages of BALB/c mice at different stages of the toxic action caused by S. aureus alpha-toxin (ST) was carried out. The analysis of the dynamics of toxic reaction revealed the main critical points of triggering necrotic processes: the first hour and day 2. One hour after the injection of large doses of ST a sharp increase in the process of antigen binding with its subsequent sharp decrease. Simultaneously, a decrease in the activity of the lysosomal enzymes cathepsin D and acidic phosphatase was established, which was indicative of the destabilization of both lysosomal and cellular macrophage membranes. The increase of oxygen metabolism on day 2, together with the release of lysosomal proteases into the extracellular area, correlated with the maximum death rate of mice and served as the main index of the development of necrosis. The prophylactic and therapeutic use of the preparations Gamavit and Phosprenyl revealed their antitoxic activity and capacityfor stimulating the level of natural body resistance.
Assuntos
Adjuvantes Imunológicos/farmacologia , Toxinas Bacterianas/toxicidade , Macrófagos Peritoneais/efeitos dos fármacos , Fagocitose/efeitos dos fármacos , Fosfatos de Poli-Isoprenil/farmacologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Staphylococcus aureus/enzimologia , Fosfolipases Tipo C/toxicidade , Fosfatase Ácida/metabolismo , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/administração & dosagem , Animais , Toxinas Bacterianas/administração & dosagem , Toxinas Bacterianas/imunologia , Catepsina D/metabolismo , Quimioterapia Combinada , Injeções Intramusculares , Injeções Subcutâneas , Macrófagos Peritoneais/imunologia , Macrófagos Peritoneais/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Necrose/induzido quimicamente , Necrose/prevenção & controle , Consumo de Oxigênio , Fosfatos de Poli-Isoprenil/administração & dosagem , Infecções Estafilocócicas/fisiopatologia , Fosfolipases Tipo C/administração & dosagem , Fosfolipases Tipo C/imunologiaRESUMO
Fosprenil suppressed the multiplication of cattle diarrhea virus in calf coronary vessel cell culture. Added to the culture of infected cells in a dose of 200 mg, the drug decreased the virus titer 30-fold in comparison with infected control cultures. Antiviral activity of fosprenil towards infective rhinotracheitis virus multiplication was still higher: in a dose of 100 mg it decreased the virus titer in fetal calf lung culture 100-fold in comparison with the control. Moreover, the cytopathogenic effects of the viruses in infected cultures were 24-48 h delayed under the effect of fosprenil in comparison with infected control cultures. These results recommend fosprenil for the treatment of cattle viral diseases.
Assuntos
Antivirais/farmacologia , Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/efeitos dos fármacos , Herpesvirus Bovino 1/efeitos dos fármacos , Rinotraqueíte Infecciosa Bovina/virologia , Fosfatos de Poli-Isoprenil/farmacologia , Animais , Bovinos , Células Cultivadas , Efeito Citopatogênico Viral/efeitos dos fármacos , Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/patogenicidade , Herpesvirus Bovino 1/patogenicidadeRESUMO
Antiviral activity of phosprenyl was studied in BALB/c mice infected with tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus. Up to 60% animals infected with TBE virus survived after 1-3 intramuscular injections of phosprenyl. The mortality in the untreated group infected with the virus was 100%. Direct antiviral effect of phosprenyl was studied in sensitive SPEV cells infected with TBE virus. The titer of the virus decreased 10-fold in the cells treated with the drug vs. untreated control cells. Phosprenyl stimulates some interleukins: gamma-interferon, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-6. The stimulating effect of the drug manifests in intact animals and in those infected with TBE virus and treated with phosprenyl. The prospects of further trials of the drug as a therapeutic and prophylactic agent in TBE are discussed.
Assuntos
Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Encefalite Transmitida por Carrapatos/prevenção & controle , Fosfatos de Poli-Isoprenil/uso terapêutico , Animais , Antivirais/administração & dosagem , Citocinas/biossíntese , Injeções Intramusculares , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Fosfatos de Poli-Isoprenil/administração & dosagemRESUMO
As shown in experiments on BALB/c mice, stress caused by hypokinesia is associated with a 3- to 8-fold increase in the number of splenic macrophages, permissive to Langat virus. No changes in the proportion of T and B lymphocytes in the spleen of the animals occur under the influence of the stress. Simultaneously with an increase in the subpopulation of permissive splenic macrophages, the stressed mice have exhibited an increase in sensitivity to intraperitoneal infection with Langat virus.
Assuntos
Linfócitos B/imunologia , Vírus da Encefalite Transmitidos por Carrapatos/isolamento & purificação , Macrófagos/imunologia , Baço/imunologia , Estresse Fisiológico/imunologia , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Animais , Contagem de Células , Hipocinesia/imunologia , Terapia de Imunossupressão , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Baço/virologiaRESUMO
The humoral immune response to flaviviruses is mainly directed to the major envelope protein, E, and a glycosylated non-structural protein, NS1. Cell-mediated immune responses, however, appear to be directed mainly against non-structural proteins. Experiments described here show that a defective recombinant adenovirus (Rad51) containing the gene encoding the NS1 protein of tick-borne encephalitis virus can induce a strong protective immune response against several pathogenic tick-borne flaviviruses in an experimental animal model, and can enhance the efficacy of conventional vaccine preparations. A protective immune response against a lethal virus challenge can also be induced by the passive transfer of antibodies, B cells or T cells from animals vaccinated with Rad51. Raised levels of non-neutralizing antibodies and cytokines associated with a T helper cell-type 1 immune response are also observed. These data demonstrate the importance of non-structural viral proteins in the protective immune response against flaviviruses and support the use of non-structural viral proteins as vaccine components.
Assuntos
Vírus da Encefalite Transmitidos por Carrapatos/genética , Vírus da Encefalite Transmitidos por Carrapatos/imunologia , Encefalite Transmitida por Carrapatos/imunologia , Encefalite Transmitida por Carrapatos/prevenção & controle , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/genética , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/imunologia , Adenoviridae/genética , Transferência Adotiva , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/biossíntese , Citocinas/metabolismo , Vírus Defeituosos/genética , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Vírus da Encefalite Transmitidos por Carrapatos/patogenicidade , Feminino , Genes Virais , Imunidade Celular , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Recombinação Genética , Vacinas Virais/farmacologiaRESUMO
Recombinant adenovirus expressing NS1 nonstructural protein of trick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus (Rad 51) protected mice from many strains of TBE and Omsk hemorhagic fever (OHF) viruses, but virtually did not protect them from Negishi virus. During combined use of whole-virion inactivated TBE vaccine and Rad 51 the recombinant adenovirus notably potentiated the protective effect of the traditional vaccine. The results of adaptive transfer of immunological material from mice infected with Rad 51 showed that both the vaccinated animals' sera and the pool of T and B cells partially protected the recipient mice from lethal TBE infection. NS1 protein expressed by adenovirus increased the level of the key interleukins (IL) interferon, tumor necrosis factor, IL-1 beta, IL-2, and, probably, IL-4. Vaccination of mice with Rad 51 resulted in the appearance of antibodies to NS1 protein in rather high titers. The prospects of using Rad 51 as a vaccine against TBE are discussed.
Assuntos
Adenoviridae/genética , Vírus da Encefalite Transmitidos por Carrapatos/genética , Encefalite Transmitida por Carrapatos/imunologia , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/genética , Animais , Citocinas/metabolismo , Encefalite Transmitida por Carrapatos/prevenção & controle , Imunidade Celular , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Recombinação Genética , Vacinas Sintéticas/imunologia , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/imunologiaRESUMO
The action of information stress for 14 days leads to the development of immunosuppression, which is manifested by the suppression of humoral response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and the decrease of resistance to Langat virus having low pathogenicity. As shown in this investigation, an immunomodifier, purified staphylococcal toxoid (PST), protects experimental animals from the immunosuppressive effect of information stress. After the injection of PST to stress-affected mice in doses of 15 or 1.5 binding units per animal on days 9, 11 and 13 of the experiment their humoral response to SRBC and resistance to Langat virus are partially restored (by 45-60%).
Assuntos
Adjuvantes Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Tolerância Imunológica/efeitos dos fármacos , Toxoide Estafilocócico/uso terapêutico , Estresse Psicológico/imunologia , Animais , Animais Lactentes , Formação de Anticorpos/efeitos dos fármacos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Vírus da Encefalite Transmitidos por Carrapatos , Encefalite Transmitida por Carrapatos/tratamento farmacológico , Encefalite Transmitida por Carrapatos/etiologia , Encefalite Transmitida por Carrapatos/imunologia , Tolerância Imunológica/imunologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Inoculações Seriadas , Estresse Psicológico/complicações , Estresse Psicológico/tratamento farmacológico , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
A novel antiviral drug with immunomodulatory activity (Phosprenyl) is presented. The main active ingredient of the preparation is polyprenyl phosphates. This medicine is highly efficient against a number of viruses, including HIV in vitro, and tick-borne encephalitis and rabies viruses in the experimental models in vivo. In veterinary practice Phosprenyl is now regarded as an effective therapeutic means for treatment of canine distemper, hepatitis, enteritis, etc.