Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and glucose metabolism disorders in the first degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: We designed this study to observe the DM prevalence, insulin resistance, beta cell reserve and the interaction of these parameters in the first degree relatives of Type 2 diabetic patients in Turkish population. METHODS: 125 subjects were included in the study. 25 subjects without the first degree diabetic relatives were selected as the control group; they were matched by age, BMI, socio-economical, cultural and environmental factors. (OGTT), (IVGTT), (GST), and (ITT), were performed on all subjects and controls. RESULTS: 12 (9.6 %) DM and 23 (18. 4 %) impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) cases of 125 subjects were diagnosed according to OGTT results. The mean BMI of diabetic subjects was significantly higher than of controls and subjects with normal glucose tolerance (p<0.05). When compared to the control group, the mean AUCinsulin levels were significantly lower in diabetic subjects (p<0.05). To observe the correlation between HOMAIR and KITT values, a statistically significant correlation was found (p<0.05, r: 0.222). There was a deficiency in the C-peptide response to glucagon stimulation in diabetic relatives (p<0.05, F: 4.59 One Way ANOVA). CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that the first degree relatives of Type 2 diabetic patients constitute a high risk group for DM, IGT and insulin resistance by using four different tests in Turkish population.The significant finding(s) of the study: We demonstrated a high prevalence of glucose metabolism disorders in the relatives of type 2 diabetic patients.This study adds our knowledge; insulin resistance and decreased beta cell reserve occur before diabetes mellitus begin in relatives (Tab. 5, Ref. 42).

Chlamydia and atherosclerotic coronary arterial disease in Turkey.

OBJECTIVE: Chlamydia pneumoniae, which is a Gram(-) intracellular bacteria, besides being a respiratory pathogen, is thought to play an active role in the progress of acute myocardial infarction and chronic coronary artery disease. In this study we aim to determine the frequency of C. pneumoniae in coronary artery lesions of Turkish people. METHODS AND RESULTS: The atherosclerotic material taken from 8 cases by directional atherectomy and from 23 cases by surgical endarterectomy and examined by indirect immunofluorescence (IIFA) test and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). C. pneumoniae positivity was 32.3% (10/31) by IIFA and 29.0% (9/31) by PCR while the evaluation of the methods together yield a positivity of 35.5% (11/31). CONCLUSIONS: A statistically significant difference could not be established between C. pneumoniae positive and negative groups according to age and the classical atherosclerotic risk factors such as diabetes mellitus, smoking, hypercholesterolaemia, hypertension, family history; besides, a statistically significant difference could not be found between the presence of C. pneumoniae and the severity and clinical picture of coronary artery disease.

Vacuolating cytotoxic activity of 40 Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from Turkish patients.

In this study we examined the in vitro vacuolating cytotoxic activity of Helicobacter pylori, which is a gram-negative microaerophilic curved bacterium and a causative agent of gastritis, peptic ulcer and gastric ulcer. A vacuolating cytotoxin assay was performed to assess the vacuolating activity of 40 strains (20 gastritis, 11 gastric ulcer, and 9 duodenal ulcer), which were obtained from patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. The Vero cell line was used in the cytotoxic assay. Of the 40 isolates, 24 (12 gastritis, 6 gastric ulcer, 6 duodenal ulcer) were cytotoxic for the Vero cell line at 1:4 and 1:8 dilutions. Thus, vacuolating cytotoxin of H. pylori affects the Vero cell line, but it seems there is no correlation between the positivity of the strains and the risk of any particular H. pylori disease.

[In vitro susceptibility to cefoperazone and sulbactam/cefoperazone combination of bacterial strains isolated from various patient materials]. / Cesitli hastalik materyallerinden izole edilen bakteri suslarinin sefoperazon ve sulbaktam/sefoperazon kombinasyonuna karsi duyarliliklarinin in-vitro arastirilmasi.

Susceptibility of 110 bacterial strains isolated from clinical materials to Cefoperazone (CPZ) and Sulbactam/Cefoperazone (SBT/CPZ) combination was investigated and every strain was examined for beta-lactamase activity. Total beta-lactamase positivity rate was 40.9%. Antibacterial activity of SBT/CPZ combination was found to be higher than CPZ alone, especially on beta-lactamase producing bacteria.

[Klebsiella pneumoniae capsular type 48 isolated for the first time in Turkey]. / Türkiye'de ilk defa izole edilen Klebsiella pneumoniae kapsül tip 48 susu.

Capsule type 48 Klebsiella pneumoniae strains were isolated from cerebrospinal fluid and blood specimens of 4 days old baby. This type of Klebsiella were the first observation in Turkey.

[Isolation of beta-hemolytic streptococci from throat and nasal swabs and their antibiotic susceptibility]. / Bogaz-burun kültürlerinden izole edilen beta hemolitik streptokoklarve antibiyotiklere duyarliliklari.

1218 throat and 888 nasal swabs were collected from non hospitalized patients were examined for beta haemolytic streptococci. The samples were cultured on blood agar. To facilitate the isolation of beta haemolytic streptococci the samples were also cultured on biologically anaerobic sheep blood agar. From throat swabs and nasal swabs 174 and 13 beta haemolytic streptococci were isolated respectively. 113 beta haemolytic streptococci were identified as a group A (60%). In this study we evaluated the antibiotic susceptibility of streptococci. As a result the most effective antibiotics are in order Cefuroxime, Cefotaxime, Cephalothin, Thiamphenicol, Erythromycin.

[Antibacterial sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical specimens]. / Cesitli klinik örneklerden izole edilen Staphylococcus aureus suslarinin antibakteriyellere duyarliliklari.

In this study we evaluated the susceptibility of Staph. aureus to antibacterials in vitro by disk diffusion technique. 393 staph. aureus strains isolated from various clinical samples at the Bacteriology laboratory of Ankara University Medical Faculty Microbiology Department. As a result, the most effectual antibacterials are in order: Cefotaxime, Cefuroxime, Cephalothin, Ceftazidime, Sulbactam, Erythromycin, Kanamycin, Tetracycline, Clindamycin, Vancomycin, Thiamphenicol, Methicillin, Penicillin G.

[Antistreptolysin--O titers in normal persons]. / Günümüz toplumunda antistreptolysin--O (aso) nun normal degeri.

ASO titers were determined 120 normal persons from different age groups. The mean titer was estimated as 160,37 +/- 14.08 Todd units. Only % 20 of normal individuals have had a titers over 200 units.