Conocimiento y percepción sobre tuberculosis en el municipio Habana Vieja / Knowledge and perception about tuberculosis in Habana Vieja municipality

Introducción: los estudios de conocimientos y las percepciones de la población sobre las enfermedades trasmisibles contribuyen al desarrollo de procesos comunicativos más eficaces. Objetivo: evaluar el conocimiento y la percepción que hacia la tuberculosis tienen los pobladores de la Habana Vieja, e identificar las vías de obtención de la información sobre aspectos relativos a esta enfermedad. Métodos: se hizo un estudio de corte trasversal. Se aplicó un cuestionario a una muestra de 86 personas en las cinco áreas de salud del municipio. Se realizó análisis descriptivo. Se calculó la oportunidad relativa para determinar la asociación entre las vías de obtención de la información y los conocimientos sobre la existencia de la enfermedad, los síntomas, las formas de transmisión. Resultados: los encuestados dicen conocer que la tuberculosis es una enfermedad, sus síntomas, y la presencia en Cuba; pero los porcentajes correspondientes a los síntomas verdaderamente significativos son bajos, incluidas las identificaciones incorrectas de la toalla, el peine y los mosquitos como formas de transmisión de la enfermedad. La televisión, la radio y los amigos fueron las vías de obtención de información más mencionadas. Conclusiones: la población de la Habana Vieja conoce de la existencia de la tuberculosis. Sin embargo, los conocimientos específicos sobre síntomas de la enfermedad y las formas de transmisión son insuficientes. Revertir esta situación requiere del fortalecimiento del papel de medios de comunicación masiva y la elaboración de estrategias de comunicación locales que se ajusten a las características del territorio.

Introduction: the studies on population's knowledge and perceptions of infectious diseases contribute to develop more effective communication processes. Objective: to evaluate the knowledge and the perception of the residents in Habana Vieja municipality about tuberculosis, and to identify the ways for obtaining information about aspects of this disease. Methods: a cross-sectional study was carried out. A questionnaire was applied on a sample of 86 persons from five health areas of the municipality. A descriptive analysis was made. Odds ratios were calculated to determine association between ways for obtaining information and knowledge on the existence of the disease, symptoms and transmission forms. Results: the respondents know about tuberculosis as a disease, its symptoms, and its presence in Cuba, but the percentages corresponding to the truly significant symptoms are low, including incorrect identifications of towel, comb and mosquitoes as transmission ways of the disease. Television, radio and friends were the most mentioned sources of information. Conclusions: the population from Habana Vieja municipality knows about the existence of TB. However, specific knowledge about symptoms of the disease and ways of transmissions are insufficient. Changing this situation requires the strengthening of the role of the mass media role and the development of local communication strategies suited to local characteristics.

[Knowledge and perception about tuberculosis in Habana Vieja municipality]. / Conocimiento y percepción sobre tuberculosis en el municipio Habana Vieja.

INTRODUCTION: the studies on population's knowledge and perceptions of infectious diseases contribute to develop more effective communication processes. OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the knowledge and the perception of the residents in Habana Vieja municipality about tuberculosis, and to identify the ways for obtaining information about aspects of this disease. METHODS: a cross-sectional study was carried out. A questionnaire was applied on a sample of 86 persons from five health areas of the municipality. A descriptive analysis was made. Odds ratios were calculated to determine association between ways for obtaining information and knowledge on the existence of the disease, symptoms and transmission forms. RESULTS: the respondents know about tuberculosis as a disease, its symptoms, and its presence in Cuba, but the percentages corresponding to the truly significant symptoms are low, including incorrect identifications of towel, comb and mosquitoes as transmission ways of the disease. Television, radio and friends were the most mentioned sources of information. CONCLUSIONS: the population from Habana Vieja municipality knows about the existence of TB. However, specific knowledge about symptoms of the disease and ways of transmissions are insufficient. Changing this situation requires the strengthening of the role of the mass media role and the development of local communication strategies suited to local characteristics.