Resultados maternos y fetales en mujeres embarazadas con enfermedad renal crónica basada en la tasa de filtración glomerular / Maternal And Fetal Outcomes In Pregnant Women With Chronic Kidney Disease Based On Glomerular Filtration Rate

Introducción: el embarazo causa adaptaciones en el riñón, tanto en anatomía como en función, para mantener el entorno extracelular, hemodinámico y hormonal. Sin embargo, estos pueden no llevarse a cabo de manera completamente óptima en presencia de enfermedad renal. El objetivo era estudiar la relación entre la enfermedad renal y los resultados maternos de fetal durante el embarazo, asociado con un rechazo por paciente y/o en relación con el tratamiento especializado. Material y métodos: estudio observacional y retrospectivo en una serie de casos, revisando 134 archivos de pacientes embarazadas con cierto grado de enfermedad renal antes del embarazo. Los resultados maternos registrados fueron: enfermedad hipertensiva durante el embarazo, deterioro renal agudo, necesidad de terapia de sustitución renal y en productos: prematuridad, restricción del crecimiento intrauterino, muerte fetal y aborto espontáneo. Resultados: Resultados maternos: tasa media de filtración glomerular (GFR) de 58.23 ml/min, aumento de peso de 7 kg; La preeclampsia fue diagnosticada en 92 mujeres (55 severas). 46 pacientes mostraron lesión renal aguda, 40 se resolvieron conservativamente; 1 requirió diálisis peritoneal y 15 hemodiálisis (con una decisión retrasada un promedio de un mes por rechazo por paciente y/o pariente). La resolución del embarazo fue por cesárea en 111 pacientes; Nacieron 116 productos antes de las 37 semanas de gestación, con un peso promedio de 1910 g, 94 mostraron restricción del crecimiento intrauterino. Conclusión: la enfermedad renal influyó directamente en el mayor número de resultados adversos maternos y fetales cuando se rechazó la atención médica especializada. Existe una correlación entre el ligero estado de Davison con los estados I, II y IIIA de Kdigo en el análisis de correspondencia

Introduction: Pregnancy causes adaptations in the kidney, both in anatomy and function, to maintain the extracellular, hemodynamic and hormonal environment. However, these may not be carried out completely optimally in the presence of kidney disease. The objective was to study the relation between kidney disease and maternal-fetal outcomes during pregnancy, associated with a rejection by patient and/or relative to specialized treatment. Material and Methods: Observational, retrospective study in a series of cases, reviewing 134 files of pregnant patients with some degree of kidney disease prior to pregnancy. Maternal outcomes recorded were: hypertensive disease during pregnancy, acute renal deterioration, need for renal substitution therapy, and in products: prematurity, restriction of intrauterine growth, fetal death and miscarriage. Results: Maternal outcomes: mean glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 58.23ml/min, weight gain of 7 kg; preeclampsia was diagnosed in 92 women (55 severe). 46 patients showed acute renal lesion, 40 were conservatively resolved; 1 required peritoneal dialysis and 15 hemodialysis (with decision delayed an average of one month by rejection by patient and/or relative). Resolution of pregnancy was by cesarean in 111 patients; 116 products were born before 37 weeks of gestation, with average weight of 1910 g, 94 showed restriction of intrauterine growth. Conclusion: Kidney disease directly influenced the greater number of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes when specialized medical care was rejected. There is a correlation between slight Davison state with states I, II and IIIa of KDIGO in correspondence analysis.

Factors That Influence the Attitude of the Population to Be a Donor in Mexico.

BACKGROUND: Transplantation depends on a donation from a living or deceased donor, with the latter ideally involving a multiorgan transplant. The objective of this study was to determine the factors that influence the attitudes of the population in Mexico toward being a donor. METHODS: We conducted an observational, cross-sectional study with a survey on the attitudes toward donation in the population of Mexico. The survey had 33 items on it regarding sociodemographic aspects and people's positions on the issues of organ and tissue donation. We used central tendency and dispersion averages and calculated the difference between groups using chi squares or the Student t test. We also used the statistical program SPSS version 25. RESULTS: The perception of respondents regarding organ and tissue donation (with 1064 people or 65.1% in favor) points to a lack of knowledge in Mexico. People do not talk about organ donation with their relatives and especially do not discuss their wishes in case of death (only 660 people indicated they had or 40.4%). There is a better attitude toward donation among younger respondents, women, single people, health personnel, people with higher incomes, Catholics, and those who do not have a hospitalized family member. CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to provide more information about organ donation to people in Mexico. The opinion toward donation is generally favorable; however, there are multiple factors that influence opinions. Family members of patients in intensive care are the least willing to donate themselves or donate a relative's organs.

Compliance With Biochemical Objectives in Patients on Renal Replacement Therapy Before Kidney Transplantation in Mexico.

OBJECTIVES: The biochemical conditions in which patients arrive before renal transplantation (RT) are rarely evaluated; examples of them are found in the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS). The objective of our study was to ascertain the fulfillment of biochemical goals for patients on renal replacement therapy before RT. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Observational, retrospective study of patients who were on a RT protocol between 2012 and 2017 in 2 RT centers in Mexico. The records of 1188 patients with a history of RT and their lab results before transplantation were analyzed. Anthropometric values including hemoglobin, iron levels, calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, urea, creatinine, uric acid, and left ventricular ejection fraction were studied. All values were categorized as low, optimal, or high levels. RESULTS: The fulfillment of pretransplant biochemical objectives for elimination of azotemia (urea and creatinine) was achieved in 60% of the patients. Optimal values for calcium were found in 715 (64%) patients and optimal values for albumin were found in 690 (61.8%) patients. In the case of phosphorus, hemoglobin, uric acid, and parathyroid hormone, the optimal values were below 50%. CONCLUSIONS: It is essential to improve compliance with biochemical and clinical objectives for patients on renal replacement therapy (dialysis, hemodialysis) before RT. Only half of the variables were within the optimal range before surgical intervention took place.

Alelos HLA más comunes y asociados con riesgo o protección en enfermedad renal crónica de etiología no determinada.

INTRODUCTION: Chronic kidney disease accounts for part of overall health expenditure; a potential etiology is related to variations, absence or presence of some human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles. METHOD: An analysis of HLA reports of 1965 kidney recipients with no determined etiology, and 1361 kidney donors was performed. It was carried out with Luminex based in cell flow fluorometry for the A, B, DRB1 and DQA loci. An analysis was performed with contingency tables in order to determine the odds ratio (OR) and confidence intervals (CI). Quantitative analysis was also carried out. RESULTS: Of the 101 alleles found, 13 showed association, 7 with risk for chronic kidney disease, with the most significant being HLA-DR17 with an OR of 3.91 (95 % CI = 2.96-5.17) and the one with the highest significance for protection being HLA-DR9, with an OR of 0.043 (95 % CI = 0.005-0.3224). CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to understand that kidney diseases can be associated with yet unknown immune processes, where the association of the absence or presence of any allele should be known.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La enfermedad renal crónica representa parte del gasto en salud en general; una potencial etiología es la relacionada con variaciones, ausencia o presencia de algunos alelos del human leucocyte antigen (HLA). MÉTODO: Se realizó el análisis de 1965 reportes de HLA sin etiología determinada y de 1361 donadores renales. Se llevó a cabo tecnología Luminex con base en fluorimetría de flujo celular para los locus A, B, DRB1 y DQA. Se realizó análisis con tablas de contingencia para determinar razón de momios (RM) e intervalos de confianza (IC). Se efectuó análisis cuantitativo. RESULTADOS: De 101 alelos encontrados, 13 presentaron asociación, siete con riesgo para enfermedad renal crónica, de los cuales el más significativo fue HLA-DR17, con RM = 3.91 (IC 95 % = 2.96-5.17), y el de mayor significación de protección fue HLA-DR9, con RM = 0.043 (IC 95 % = 0.005-0.3224). CONCLUSIONES: Es necesario entender que las enfermedades renales pueden estar ligadas a procesos inmunológicos, en los que se tiene que conocer la asociación de la ausencia o presencia de algún alelo.

Alelos HLA más comunes y asociados con riesgo o protección en enfermedad renal crónica de etiología no determinada / Most common HLA alleles associated with risk or protection in chronic kidney disease of undetermined etiology

Resumen Introducción: La enfermedad renal crónica representa parte del gasto en salud en general; una potencial etiología es la relacionada con variaciones, ausencia o presencia de algunos alelos del human leucocyte antigen (HLA). Método: Se realizó el análisis de 1965 reportes de HLA sin etiología determinada y de 1361 donadores renales. Se llevó a cabo tecnología Luminex con base en fluorimetría de flujo celular para los locus A, B, DRB1 y DQA. Se realizó análisis con tablas de contingencia para determinar razón de momios (RM) e intervalos de confianza (IC). Se efectuó análisis cuantitativo. Resultados: De 101 alelos encontrados, 13 presentaron asociación, siete con riesgo para enfermedad renal crónica, de los cuales el más significativo fue HLA-DR17, con RM = 3.91 (IC 95 % = 2.96-5.17), y el de mayor significación de protección fue HLA-DR9, con RM = 0.043 (IC 95 % = 0.005-0.3224). Conclusiones: Es necesario entender que las enfermedades renales pueden estar ligadas a procesos inmunológicos, en los que se tiene que conocer la asociación de la ausencia o presencia de algún alelo.

Abstract Introduction: Chronic kidney disease accounts for part of overall health expenditure; a potential etiology is related to variations, absence or presence of some human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles. Method: An analysis of HLA reports of 1965 kidney recipients with no determined etiology, and 1361 kidney donors was performed. It was carried out with Luminex based in cell flow fluorometry for the A, B, DRB1 and DQA loci. An analysis was performed with contingency tables in order to determine the odds ratio (OR) and confidence intervals (CI). Quantitative analysis was also carried out. Results: Of the 101 alleles found, 13 showed association, 7 with risk for chronic kidney disease, with the most significant being HLA-DR17 with an OR of 3.91 (95 % CI = 2.96-5.17) and the one with the highest significance for protection being HLA-DR9, with an OR of 0.043 (95 % CI = 0.005-0.3224). Conclusions: It is necessary to understand that kidney diseases can be associated with yet unknown immune processes, where the association of the absence or presence of any allele should be known.

Delayed Initiation of Hemodialysis in Pregnant Women with Chronic Kidney Disease: Logistical Problems Impact Clinical Outcomes. An Experience from an Emerging Country.

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with reduction of fertility and increased complications during pregnancy. The aim of this work is to analyze the clinical outcomes and risk factors in pregnant women who needed to start dialysis with different schedules in a public hospital in Mexico City, with particular attention on the interference of social and cultural elements as well as resource limitations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: CKD women who needed dialysis in pregnancy over the period 2002⁻2014 and had with complete demographic and outcome data were included in this retrospective study. Clinical background, renal function during pregnancy, dialysis schedule, and clinical outcomes were reviewed. RESULTS: Forty pregnancies in women with CKD who needed dialysis in pregnancy (39 singleton and one twin pregnancy) were studied: All patients were treated with hemodialysis. Thirty-nine patients had CKD stages 4 or 5 at referral; only one patient was of stage 3b. Dialysis was considered as indicated in the presence of fluid overload, unresponsive hypertension in the setting of advanced CKD, or when blood urea nitrogen values were increased to around 50 mg/dL. However, the initiation of dialysis was often delayed by days or weeks. The main reason for delaying the initiation of dialysis was patient (and family) refusal to start treatment. All patients were treated with thrice weekly dialysis, in 3⁻5 hour sessions, with a target urea of <100 mg/dL. The number of hours on dialysis did not impact pregnancy outcomes. Ten pregnancies ended in miscarriages (8 spontaneous), 29 in pre-term delivery, and 1 in term delivery. Fifteen women were diagnosed with preeclampsia, one with eclampsia, and one with HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets,) syndrome. Twenty-four of the neonates survived (77.4% of live births); six singletons and one twin died as a consequence of prematurity. Two neonates displayed malformations: cleft palate with ear anomalies and duodenal atresia. CONCLUSIONS: CKD requiring hemodialysis in pregnancy is associated with a high frequency of complications; in the setting of delayed start and of thrice-weekly hemodialysis, dialysis schedules do not appear to influence outcomes.

[Long-term patient and graft survival in kidney transplant recipients]. / Supervivencia del paciente y del injerto a largo plazo en receptores de trasplante renal.

BACKGROUND: Kidney transplantation is the therapy of choice for patients with chronic renal failure. In Mexico, good short-term results have been reported for graft survival, which is why it was carried out a study in a third level center in Mexico City to broaden these results. OBJECTIVE: To identify long-term results of patient and graft survival. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study with first 1600 kidney transplants performed at the Hospital de Especialidades (Specialties Hospital) "Dr. Antonio Fraga Mouret" from La Raza National Medical Center. Patient and graft survival was analyzed at 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 years. Kaplan Meier survival analysis and log rank test were performed. RESULTS: Between October 1979 and May 2015, 1600 kidney transplants were performed (1473 [92.1%] of living donor and 127 [7.9%] of deceased donor). Graft survival censored for death with functional graft at 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 years was 95.4, 91.7, 88.2, 86.6 and 85.5%, respectively. Patient survival was 92.7, 90.4, 89.7, 89.4, and 88.9% at 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 years, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term patient and graft survival in our center is similar to that reported by other centers at an international level.

INTRODUCCIÓN: el trasplante renal es la terapia de elección en pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica. En México se reportan buenos resultados a corto plazo, por lo que se realizó un estudio en un centro de tercer nivel de la Ciudad de México para ampliar estos resultados. OBJETIVO: conocer los resultados en supervivencia del paciente e injerto a largo plazo. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: estudio retrospectivo con los primeros 1600 trasplantes renales realizados en el Hospital de Especialidades "Dr. Antonio Fraga Mouret" del Centro Médico Nacional La Raza. Se analizó la sobrevida de paciente e injerto a los 1, 3, 5, 7 y 10 años. Se utilizó análisis de supervivencia de Kaplan Meier y prueba de log rank. RESULTADOS: entre octubre de 1979 y mayo de 2015 se realizaron 1600 trasplantes renales (1473 [92.1%] de donante vivo y 127 [7.9%] de donante fallecido). La supervivencia del injerto censurada para muerte con injerto funcional a 1, 3, 5, 7 y 10 años fue de 95.4, 91.7, 88.2, 86.6 y 85.5%, respectivamente, en tanto que la supervivencia del paciente fue de 92.7, 90.4, 89.7, 89.4 y 88.9% a los 1, 3, 5, 7 y 10 años, respectivamente. CONCLUSIONES: la sobrevida de paciente e injerto a largo plazo en este centro es similar a lo reportado en otros centros a nivel internacional.

Abdominal tuberculosis in renal transplant recipient. Presentation of a case and literature review / Tuberculosis abdominal en receptor de trasplante renal. Presentación de un caso y revisión de literatura

Background: Kidney transplantation presents a susceptible point, and is related to infections; tuberculosis is a common and endemic etiology in a country like Mexico, where the most frequent presentation is the respiratory condition, the extrapulmonary is extremely rare and it is derived from immunosuppression conditions. Case report: 33-year-old man with kidney disease of undetermined etiology, kidney transplant in 2003 (donor mother) with adequate evolution; presented with chronic graft nephropathy, with baseline creatinine of 1.8 mg / dL, immunosuppression with prednisone 10 mg every 24 hours, mycophenolate mofetil 500 mg every 8 hours and ciclosporin 100 mg every 12 hours; surgical intervention was performed due to acute abdomen, appendectomy and omentectomy with histopathological finding of tuberculosis, Dotbal, antiproliferative in suspension was started and decrease of calcineurin inhibitor. Adequate kidney function was recovered and maintained as well as control of the infectious disease during the maintenance period. Conclusions: The management of immunosuppression is vital to find the right dose to avoid rejection and allow an immune response to infection, together with antimicrobial treatment.

Introducción: el trasplante renal presenta un punto susceptible y está relacionado con las infecciones; siendo la tuberculosis una etiología común y más en un país endémico como lo es México, siendo la forma de presentación más frecuente la afección respiratoria, lo extrapulmonar es sumamente raro derivado de condiciones de inmunosupresión. Caso clínico: hombre de 33 años de edad, con enfermedad renal de etiología no determinada, trasplantado renal en el año 2003 (madre donadora) con adecuada evolución; se presentó con nefropatía crónica del injerto, con creatinina basal de 1.8 mg/dL, inmunosupresión con prednisona 10 mg cada 24 horas, micofenolato de mofetilo 500 mg cada 8 horas y ciclosporina 100 mg cada 12 horas; se intervino quirúrgicamente por cuadro de abdomen agudo, se realizó apendicetomía y omentectomía con hallazgo histopatológico de tuberculosis, se inició Dotbal, antiproliferativo en suspensión y disminución del inhibidor de calcineurina. Se recuperó y mantuvo adecuada función renal y control del cuadro infeccioso, en periodo de mantenimiento. Conclusiones: el manejo de la inmunosupresión es vital para encontrar la dosis adecuada evitando rechazo, así como permitir una respuesta inmunológica ante la infección, junto con el tratamiento antimicrobiano.

[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Incidental finding in a renal donor, 10 years after the evolution in recipient]. / Linfoma no Hodgkin. Hallazgo incidental en donador renal, a 10 años de evolución en receptor.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of cancer in transplant recipients is higher than in the general population. Cutaneous and lymphoproliferative tumors are the primary neoplasms that will develop these patients. Little is known about the transmission of cancer in organ and tissue donation; it has been described that neoplasms can be transmitted to immunosuppressed patients when donor organs with neoplasms are inadvertently transplanted. CASE REPORT: Patient of 29 years of age who underwent kidney transplantation 10 years ago. The kidney was donated by his father, who was 58 years. An incidental finding in the bench surgery showed a tumor of about 1 cm in the donated kidney. The intraoperative histopathological study showed no alterations, but two weeks after the surgery it was diagnosed follicular non-Hodgkin lymphoma grade II retroperitoneal. Subsequently, the donor underwent radiotherapy, since it was documented local growth of lymph. The recipient was monitored, given that the complete tumor was removed free of neoplasia in all its edges. 10 years after the transplantation, both donor and recipient are free of neoplastic disease and the latter has a stable renal function. CONCLUSIONS: In the presence of an incidental neoplasm from a renal donor, the possibility of donation must be reconsidered in the face of an in situ neoplasm. We suggest detailed protocol prior to transplant and a thorough exploration in the surgical event in order to detect tumors with intraoperative study.

INTRODUCCIÓN: la incidencia de cáncer en receptores de trasplante es más elevada que en la población general. Los tumores cutáneos y linfoproliferativos son las principales neoplasias que van a desarrollar estos pacientes. Poco se conoce de la transmisión de cáncer en la donación de órganos y tejidos; se ha descrito que las neoplasias pueden transmitirse a enfermos inmunosuprimidos cuando los órganos de donantes con neoplasia son trasplantados de forma inadvertida. CASO CLÍNICO: paciente de 29 años que fue sometido a trasplante renal hace 10 años. El riñón lo donó su padre, de 58 años. En cirugía de banco hubo hallazgo incidental de tumoración en riñón donado de aproximadamente 1 cm. El estudio histopatológico transoperatorio no presentó alteraciones, pero a las dos semanas se diagnosticó en el reporte definitivo linfoma no Hodgkin folicular grado II del retroperitoneal. Posteriormente el donante se sometió a tratamiento de radioterapia al documentarse ganglios locales crecidos y el receptor solo estuvo en vigilancia al extraerse tumoración completa libre de neoplasia en todos sus bordes. A 10 años del trasplante, ambos están libres de enfermedad neoplásica y el receptor tiene una función renal estable. CONCLUSIÓN: ante una neoplasia incidental de un donante renal, deberá replantearse la posibilidad de donación ante la posibilidad de un cáncer in situ. Sugerimos protocolo minucioso de diagnóstico previo al trasplante y una exploración minuciosa en evento quirúrgico con el fin de detectar tumoraciones con estudio transoperatorio.

[Prediction of acute kidney injury in critically ill patients treated with intermittent hemodialysis versus CRRT]. / Pronóstico de lesión renal aguda en pacientes críticamente enfermos tratados con hemodiálisis intermitente frente a TRRC.

BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in critically ill patients and it is associated with poor outcome. Some patients require renal replacement therapy (RRT), and the most frequently used are intermittent hemodialysis (IHD) and continuous renal replacement therapies (CRRT). Current evidence is insufficient to conclude which modality is most appropriate to treat critically ill patients with AKI. METHODS: We reviewed the clinical records of critically ill patients with stage 3 AKI treated with RRT. We recorded demographic and clinical data and serum creatinine. We compared the evolution and prognosis of patients treated with IHD versus those treated with CRRT by Student's t test, chi squared, Kaplan-Meier curves, and Cox regression. Logistic regression was performed to determine the association between RRT and mortality. RESULTS: We analyzed 221 patients; the mean age was 49.8 years, and 55.2% were men. Mortality was 36.7%. IHD was used in 73.8% and CRRT in 26.2% of cases. In the group treated with CRRT, the severity of disease was higher, the recovery of renal function less frequent, the need for long-term RRT less frequent, and mortality higher, compared with those treated with IHD. CRRTs had an odds ratio (OR) of 8.64 for mortality (p = 0.063). CONCLUSIONS: IHD is the RRT most frequently used. Mortality is higher in patients treated with CRRT. CRRTs are not an independent risk factor for death.

INTRODUCCIÓN: la lesión renal aguda (LRA) es frecuente en los pacientes críticamente enfermos y se asocia con mal pronóstico. Algunos requieren terapias de reemplazo renal (TRR) y las más frecuentemente utilizadas son la hemodiálisis intermitente (HDI) y las terapias de reemplazo renal continuo (TRRC). La evidencia actual es insuficiente para concluir cuál modalidad es más apropiada para tratar a pacientes críticamente enfermos con LRA. MÉTODOS: revisamos expedientes clínicos de pacientes críticamente enfermos con LRA en estadio 3, tratados con TRR. Registramos datos demográficos y clínicos y creatinina sérica. Comparamos la evolución y el pronóstico de aquellos tratados con HDI frente a los tratados con TRRC mediante pruebas t de Student, chi cuadrada, Kaplan-Meier y regresión de Cox. Hicimos regresión logística para determinar la asociación entre TRR y mortalidad. RESULTADOS: analizamos 221 pacientes con edad promedio de 49.8 años; 55.2% fueron hombres. La mortalidad fue de 36.7%. La HDI se utilizó en 73.8% y las TRRC en 26.2% de los casos. En el grupo tratado con TRRC la gravedad de la enfermedad fue mayor, la recuperación de la función renal menos frecuente, la necesidad de TRR a largo plazo menos frecuente y la mortalidad mayor, en comparación con los tratados con HDI. Las TRRC tuvieron una razón de momios (RM) de 8.64 para mortalidad (p = 0.063). CONCLUSIONES: la HDI es la TRR más frecuentemente utilizada. La mortalidad es mayor en los pacientes tratados con TRRC. Las TRRC no son un factor de riesgo independiente de muerte.

[Evolution of contrast nephropathy in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing a percutaneous coronary intervention]. / Evolución de nefropatía por contraste en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica sometidos a intervención coronaria percutánea.

INTRODUCTION: Current epidemiological transition from infectious to chronic-degenerative diseases is more and more demanding procedures requiring contrast medium, which turns out to be a risk factor for acute renal major damage in patients with chronic kidney disease. The aim of this article is to describe the frequency and evolution of Contrast-induced nephropathy in ambulatory patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. METHODS: We included patients with renal damage at the time of exposure to the contrast medium. They took a risk and were adjusted prevention measures follow at 48 hrs. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: From 1236 cardiac catheterization procedure performed, 32 patients met the inclusion criteria. The 96.87% had chronic degenerative diseases such as diabetes or hypertension, overweight and obesity were a constant in 65.62% of cases, in 21.7% of patients the contrast dose was slightly higher than recommended. The 6.3% developed contrast-induced nephropathy with elevated creatinine greater than 25% at 48 hours after the procedure, despite preventive measures, however none of them required renal replacement. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of contrast medium-induced nephropathy in patients with high risk factors was lower than that reported in the literature; this may correspond to that in all cases nephrology assessment was performed before the procedure.

Introducción: la transición epidemiológica de enfermedades infecciosas a enfermedades crónicodegenerativas está demandando mayor número de procedimientos que requieren medio de contraste, lo cual resulta ser un factor de riesgo para daño renal agudo de importancia en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica, patología frecuente en pacientes con enfermedades crónicodegenerativas. El objetivo de este artículo es describir la frecuencia y evolución de nefropatía por medio de contraste en pacientes ambulatorios con enfermedad renal crónica sometidos a intervención coronaria percutánea. Métodos: se incluyeron 32 pacientes con daño renal al momento de su exposición al medio de contraste. Se les dio un riesgo y se les ajustaron las medidas de prevención con seguimiento a las 48 horas. El análisis estadístico se realizó con estadística descriptiva. Resultados: de 1236 cateterismos cardiacos realizados, 32 pacientes cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. El 78.13 % fueron hombres y el 21.88 % mujeres. El 96.87 % presentó enfermedades crónico-degenerativas como diabetes o hipertensión, el sobrepeso y la obesidad fueron una constante en el 65.62 % de los casos, en el 21.7 % de los pacientes la dosis de contraste fue ligeramente mayor a la recomendada. El 6.3 % desarrollaron nefropatía por medio de contraste a pesar de las medidas de prevención, sin embargo ninguno de ellos requirió sustitución de la función renal. Conclusiones: la frecuencia de nefropatía por medio de contraste en pacientes con factores de alto riesgo fue menor a la reportada en la literatura, en todos los casos se realizó valoración nefrológica y manejo previo al procedimiento.