[Occupational Asthma or Work-exacerbated asthma?] / ¿Asma profesional o agravada por el trabajo?

Currently there is an increase in the prevalence of asthma and it seems that occupational exposure is one of the factors contributing to this increase. "Occupational asthma" refers to new onset asthma induced by exposure to a substance in the workplace, whereas "workaggravated asthma" refers to pre-existing asthma that is then exacerbated in the workplace. A correct diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion and establishing a temporal relationship between symptoms and work. An incorrect diagnosis can lead to important socioeconomic consequences for the worker. In Spain, Royal Order 1299/2006 on 10 November (amended on May 4, 2018) establishes the criteria for its classification and official recognition. In the context of an allergic process, an occupational etiology should be considered and occupational physicians in an occupational healht service can serve as consultants to guide and manage these cases. In this case report we established an association between an occupational exposure and asthma in a worker which led to a series of steps resulting in its acceptance as an occupational disease.

En los últimos años se viene observando un aumento de la prevalencia de asma siendo la exposición laboral uno de los factores condicionantes. Se llama asma laboral al que es inducido por la exposición a una sustancia en el lugar de trabajo y asma agravada por el trabajo a la que existe previamente y se exacerba en el trabajo. Para realizar un diagnóstico correcto es necesario una alta sospecha y relacionar temporalmente los síntomas y el trabajo. Un diagnóstico incorrecto produce consecuencias socio-económicas para el paciente. En el Real Decreto 1299/2006 de 10 noviembre (modificado el 4 de mayo de 2018) se establecen criterios para su clasificación y registro. Ante un proceso alérgico debe contemplarse la etiología laboral y los médicos del trabajo de los servicios de prevención de riesgos laborales hospitalarios pueden actuar como consultores para orientar y manejar estos casos. En este caso que se presenta se estableció una asociación entre la exposición laboral y el asma sufrido por la paciente, lo cual llevó, mediante una serie de procesos, a establecer su patología como enfermedad profesional.

Work-related anaphylaxis to wasp sting.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the frequency and epidemiological features of wasp venom allergy in the workplace. METHODS: Retrospective review of 98 adult patients (age 18-65) who suffered an anaphylactic reaction to a wasp sting. Patients were asked about reactions during working hours. Personal history of atopy and previous wasp stings as well as the season, month and type of locality (urban or rural) at the moment of the sting were recorded. Serum-specific IgE levels to venoms from Vespula, Polistes and Apis were measured. RESULTS: Eighteen patients (18%) suffered a reaction to wasp venom during working hours. The average age was 37.4 years, 89% were men and 94% had a personal history of atopy. All patients but one reported more than three previous stings, the last sting occurring at least 1 year previously in 61%. Previous systemic reactions had occurred in 17%. Gardening was the most frequently reported occupation (39%). Most reactions occurred during the summer season (61%) and took place in rural areas (56%). Serum-specific IgE was positive to Vespula in all patients, Polistes in 78%. In the 80 cases occurring outside of working hours, the mean age was 40.6, the male/female ratio was 35/45 and 23% of these patients were atopic. CONCLUSION: Most anaphylactic reactions were not work related. Gardeners were the most frequently involved workers. Workplace anaphylactic reactions showed higher prevalences of atopy (94%) compared to those outside working hours (22%).

[Anaphylaxis to hymenoptera sting: study of 113 patients]. / Anafilaxia por picadura de himenóptero: estudio de 113 casos.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical and epidemiological features of anaphylactic reactions to hymenoptera stings, with a case-history analysis according to severity. PATIENTS AND METHOD: We conducted an observational descriptive study of patients aged between 10 and 80 years who suffered a systemic reaction after hymenoptera sting. All of them showed specific serum IgE to venoms from Apis, Vespula and/or Polistes. A questionnaire including history of atopy, past reactions and characteristics of the reaction, was performed by individual interview. Anaphylactic reactions were classified into two levels of severity according to Müller's classification. An analysis of independence was carried out in order to relate each level with several factors: age, gender, atopy, type of previous reactions, area of sting and time sequence. RESULTS: 113 patients were included (63 male; mean age [standard deviation]: 40.1 [15.9] years). Reactions were accounted for bee venom in 10.6% of patients, and wasp in 89.4%. Specific IgE was positive to Vespula in 91.9% of subjects, Polistes in 71.4%, and Apis in 28.7%. Furthermore, 50.4% were sensitive to both Vespula and Polistes. Personal history of atopy was found in 20.3%. Among the 106 patients who reminded previous stings, local large reactions were referred by 35.9% and systemic reactions by 16.5%. Upper limb was the most frequent area of sting (38.9%). Most common symptoms were: pruritus (77.8%), hives (57.5%), edema (54.8%), erythema (52.2%), dizziness (51.3%) and dyspnea (49.5%). Severe reactions occurred in 65.5% of patients. Age, gender, atopy, type of previous reactions, area of sting and restoration time were not significantly associated with severity. Time elapsed to first symptom was proportionally shorter in severe cases (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There is a high frequency of hypersensitivity to wasp venom (Vespula) in the studied population. Except for immediacy, severity-associated data could not be established.