Application of proteomic to investigate the different degrees of meat tenderness in Nellore breed.

This study describes the association between meat tenderness and abundance of soluble muscle proteins in Nellore bulls (Bos indicus) using a proteomic approach. We evaluated shear force (SF) of Longissimus thoracis muscle 24 h after slaughter and selected three experimental groups of animals with moderately tender (TE; SF = 3.9 ± 0.7 kg), moderately tough (TO; SF = 5.6 ± 0.7 kg) and very tough meat (TO+; SF = 7.9 ± 1.4 kg). Proteome was investigated by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) in combination with electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). The metabolic proteins triosephosphate isomerase (TPI1) and phosphoglucomutase 1 (PGM1), the structural protein profilin 1 (PFN1), and cytosol aminopeptidase (LAP3) were up-regulated (P < 0.05) in the TE meat group when compared to the TO and TO+ groups. Actin structural proteins (ACTA1, ACTB, and ACTG1), the oxidative stress protein peroxiredoxin (PRDX6, PRDX2, PRDX1, and PARK7), heat shock protein isoforms, and co-chaperones (CDC37 and STIP1) were up-regulated (P < 0.05) in the TO and TO+ meat groups. In addition, we also identified proteins PFN1, LAP3, PRDX1, PRDX2, HSPD1, and ARHGDIA to be associated with beef tenderness. The results reported herein demonstrated that meat tenderness in Nellore cattle depends on the modulation and expression of a set of proteins involved in different biological pathways. SIGNIFICANCE: The manuscript entitled "Application of proteomic to investigate the different degrees of meat tenderness in Nellore breed" describes a classical proteomics work using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE), followed by mass spectrometry coupled to electrospray ionization ion trap (ESI-MS/MS) in order to understand the biochemical engineering involved in the process of meat tenderness. We evaluated shear force (SF) of Longissimus thoracis muscle samples of Nellore cattle (n = 90) and select three experimental groups of animals with moderately tender (TE; SF = 3.9 ± 0.7), moderately tough (TO; SF = 5.6 ± 0.7) and very tough meat (TO+; SF = 7.9 ± 1.4). The proteomic approach allowed observing that meat tenderness is influenced by structural proteins (ACTA1, ACTG1, ACTB, MYL1 and PFN1), co-chaperones (CDC37 and STIP1), heat shock proteins (HSP90AA1, HSP90AB1, HSPD1, HSPA1L, HSPA1A and HSPB1), regulatory protein (ARHGDIA), metabolic proteins (TPI1 and PGM1) and oxidative stress proteins (PRDX1, PRDX2, PRDX6, PARK7). Our results suggest that meat tenderness in Nellore depends on the modulation and expression of a set of proteins involved in different biological pathways.

Use of the modified "Nutrition Risk in the critically ill" score and its association with the death of critically ill patients.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the application of the modified NUTRIC score in screening for nutritional risk in intensive care patients and its association with death. RESEARCH METHODS & PROCEDURES: Observational, longitudinal, prospective study conducted between February 2017 and January 2018 with 83 patients of both sexes and over 20 years of age from the ICUs of a private hospital. All inpatients were eligible, except: patients with exogenous intoxication, with a length of stay of less than 24 h, and surgical patients. The mNUTRIC score was applied in the first 24 h of admission. Those with an mNUTRIC score of ≥5 were classified as being at risk. RESULTS: Of the total number of participants, 51.8% (n = 43) were male and 48.2% (n = 40) were female, with a mean age of 72.5 years (20-108). The mean ICU length of stay was five (3-8) days, mechanical ventilation was required by 19.3% of the patients, and their mean total hospitalization time was 12.56 (1-30) days. There was a significant association of a high mNUTRIC score with older patients (p = 0.002), a lower pH (p = 0.029), higher lactate concentration (p = 0.004), and higher number of comorbidities (p = 0.024). A total of 12% (n = 10) of the patients died and there was a significant association between a high mNUTRIC score and death (χ2 5.918; p = 0.024). CONCLUSION: Patients with a high mNUTRIC score were older, had a higher number of comorbidities and severity criteria, and had a significantly higher death rate, indicating the importance of the application of a specialized tool and consequent follow-up nutrition.

Proteomic investigation of liver from beef cattle (Bos indicus) divergently ranked on residual feed intake.

Proteomics studies can be used to identify proteins that affect feed efficiency traits, related to cost and profitability of meat production. We used a proteomic approach based on two-dimensional electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) in combination with mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) to study liver samples of Nellore bulls divergently ranked according to residual feed intake (RFI). The study showed that 71 protein spots were expressed differentially (P < 0.05) among RFI groups and 47 were identified by ESI-MS. In RFI, efficient animals (low RFI) eat less than predictions, based on their weights and growth rate, while inefficient animals (high RFI) that eat more than predicted. Data from 18 animals (9 high vs. 9 low RFI) aged 24-26 months in feedlot finishing were used. Immediately after slaughter, liver samples were collected and protein extracts were separated. The gels of RFI groups were scanned and the images analyzed, whereby we found 279 and 215 liver protein spots in high and low RFI bulls, respectively. The proteins identified were related to the following biological functions: (I) oxygen transport and blood flow; (II) mitochondrial function and energy metabolism; (III) amino acid metabolism, ion transport, and cell survival. The study suggests hemoglobin subunit beta and heat shock protein 71 kDa and as molecular markers to study FE in Nellore cattle. Moreover, proteins such as 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase and glutamate dehydrogenase 1 were found in liver from high and low RFI animals, respectively. Such protein expression could be associated with changes in the oxidative capacity of RFI phenotypes.

Microencapsulation of essential thyme oil by spray drying and its antimicrobial evaluation against Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus / Microencapsulação do óleo essencial de tomilho e avaliação de sua atividade antibacteriana sobre V. alginolyticus e V. parhaemolyticus

Abstract The aims of this research were first, to evaluate the antibacterial potential of commercial thyme essential oil against V. alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticys and second, using the spray drying technique to produce microcapsules. chemical compounds of thyme oil and microcapsules were identified and quantified being thymol the chemical component present at the highest concentration. Oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions were prepared and the microcapsules were obtained with a spray dryer using maltodextrin as wall material (ratio 1:4). Thyme oil and the microcapsules exhibited antimicrobial activity against V. parahaemolyticus and V. alginolyticus. The spray drying process did not affect the antimicrobial activity of thyme essentialoil.

Resumo Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram avaliar o potencial antibacteriano do óleoessencial de tomilho sobre V. alginolyticus e V. parahaemolyticys e produzir microcápsulas através do processo de secagem por aspersão (spray dryer). Os compostos químicos do óleo essencial de tomilho e das microcápsulas foram identificados e quantificadaos. Foi preparada uma emulsão de óleo em água (O/A) e em seguida foram produzidas microcápsulas em um spray dryer utilizando-se óleo essencial de tomilho e maltodextrina como material de parede na proporção de 1:4 respectivamente. Entre os vários compostos identificados, o timol apresentou maior concentração. O óleo essencial de tomilho e as microcápsulas exibiram atividade antibacteriana sobre V. parahaemolyticus e V. alginolyticus. O processo de secagem por aspersão não afetou a atividade antibacteriana do óleo essencial de tomilho.

Microencapsulation of essential thyme oil by spray drying and its antimicrobial evaluation against Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus.

The aims of this research were first, to evaluate the antibacterial potential of commercial thyme essential oil against V. alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticys and second, using the spray drying technique to produce microcapsules. chemical compounds of thyme oil and microcapsules were identified and quantified being thymol the chemical component present at the highest concentration. Oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions were prepared and the microcapsules were obtained with a spray dryer using maltodextrin as wall material (ratio 1:4). Thyme oil and the microcapsules exhibited antimicrobial activity against V. parahaemolyticus and V. alginolyticus. The spray drying process did not affect the antimicrobial activity of thyme essentialoil.

Metalloproteomics Approach to Analyze Mercury in Breast Milk and Hair Samples of Lactating Women in Communities of the Amazon Basin, Brazil.

Mercury is a potentially toxic element that is present in the environment of the Brazilian Amazon and is responsible for adverse health effects in humans. This study sought to assess possible protein biomarkers of mercury exposure in breast milk samples from lactating women in the Madeira and Negro Rivers in the Brazilian Amazon. The mercury content of hair samples of lactating women was determined, and the proteome of breast milk samples was obtained using two-dimensional electrophoresis after protein precipitation with acetone. Mercury measurements of protein spots obtained via protein fractionation were performed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS), and it was observed that mercury is linked to proteins with molecular masses in the range of 14-26 kDa. The total mercury concentration was also determined by GFAAS in unprocessed milk, lyophilized milk, and protein pellets, with the purpose of determining the mercury mass balance in relation to the concentration of this element in milk and pellets. Approximately 85 to 97% of mercury present in the lyophilized milk from samples of lactating women of the Madeira River is bound in the protein fraction. From lactating women of the Negro River, approximately 49% of the total mercury is bound in the protein fraction, and a difference of 51% is bound in the lipid fraction.

Titanium-released from dental implant enhances pre-osteoblast adhesion by ROS modulating crucial intracellular pathways.

It is important to understand the cellular and molecular events that occur at the cell-material interface of implants used for bone repair. The mechanisms involved in the initial stages of osteoblast interactions with the surface of the implant material must be decisive for cell fating surrounding them. In order to address this issue, we decided to investigate if conditioned medium for dental implants was able to modulate murine pre-osteoblast metabolism. First, we determined the concentration of titanium (Ti)-containing conditioned medium and found that it was 2-fold increased (p < 0.0001). We have reported that this conditioned medium significantly up-modulated pre-osteoblast adhesion up to 24 h (p < 0.0001). In parallel, our results showed that both phosphorylations of FAK (focal adhesion kinase) at Y397 (p < 0.0011) and Cofilin at Ser03 (p < 0.0053) were also up-modulated, as well as for Rac1 expression (p < 0.0175); both of them are involved with cell adaptation by rearranging cytoskeleton actin filaments. Thereafter, Ti-containing medium stimulated ROS (reactive oxygen species) production by pre-osteoblast cells, and it is very possible that ROS compromised PTP-1B (protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B) activation since PTP1B was down-phosphorylated (p < 0.0148). The low PTP activity guarantees the phosphorylation of FAK at Y-residue, causing better pre-osteoblast adhesion in response to Ti-containing medium. Altogether, these data indicate that ROS indirectly modulate FAK phosphorylation in response to Ti-released from dental implants. Taken the results in account, these data showed for the first time that the implanted dental device is able to dynamically affect surrounding tissues, mainly by promoting a better performance of the pre-osteoblast cells. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2968-2976, 2017.

Microencapsulation of essential thyme oil by spray drying and its antimicrobial evaluation against Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Abstract The aims of this research were first, to evaluate the antibacterial potential of commercial thyme essential oil against V. alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticys and second, using the spray drying technique to produce microcapsules. chemical compounds of thyme oil and microcapsules were identified and quantified being thymol the chemical component present at the highest concentration. Oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions were prepared and the microcapsules were obtained with a spray dryer using maltodextrin as wall material (ratio 1:4). Thyme oil and the microcapsules exhibited antimicrobial activity against V. parahaemolyticus and V. alginolyticus. The spray drying process did not affect the antimicrobial activity of thyme essentialoil.

Resumo Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram avaliar o potencial antibacteriano do óleoessencial de tomilho sobre V. alginolyticus e V. parahaemolyticys e produzir microcápsulas através do processo de secagem por aspersão (spray dryer). Os compostos químicos do óleo essencial de tomilho e das microcápsulas foram identificados e quantificadaos. Foi preparada uma emulsão de óleo em água (O/A) e em seguida foram produzidas microcápsulas em um spray dryer utilizando-se óleo essencial de tomilho e maltodextrina como material de parede na proporção de 1:4 respectivamente. Entre os vários compostos identificados, o timol apresentou maior concentração. O óleo essencial de tomilho e as microcápsulas exibiram atividade antibacteriana sobre V. parahaemolyticus e V. alginolyticus. O processo de secagem por aspersão não afetou a atividade antibacteriana do óleo essencial de tomilho.

Mercury fractionation in dourada (Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii) of the Madeira River in Brazil using metalloproteomic strategies.

This paper presents the results of mercury fractionation in muscle samples of dourada (Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii) from the JIRAU Hydroelectric Power Plant in the Madeira River Basin in the Amazon region of Brazil. The proteome of the dourada muscle was separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D PAGE). The mercury present in the protein spots was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) after acid mineralisation in an ultrasound bath. The protein spots in which the presence of mercury was detected were characterised by electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) after tryptic digestion. The GFAAS determinations indicated that 65% of the mercury was linked to the protein fraction with a molar mass (Mm) of less than 90 kDa. The mercury concentrations in the seven spots in which this protein fraction was present were in the range of 11.40-35.10 µg kg(-1). Based on the mercury concentrations, it was possible to estimate that the protein spots contained approximately 1-3 mercury atoms per protein molecule. The ESI-MS/MS analysis allowed characterisation of the seven protein spots as the following proteins: protein NLRC5 (molar mass=18.10, pI=6.30); 39S ribosomal protein L36 mitochondrial (molar mass=15.40, pI=8.23); N-alpha-acetyltransferase 20 (Mm=15.95, pI=8.80); Mth938 domain-containing protein (Mm=15.01, pI=9.60); ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a (Mm=9.80, pI=7.60); parvalbumin alpha (Mm=12.40, pI=3.80) and parvalbumin beta (Mm=13.10, pI=3.45).

Performance of an anthropometric assessment method as a predictor of low birthweight and being small for gestational age.

BACKGROUND: The present study aimed to evaluate the performance of the method proposed in 2009 by the Institute of Medicine for the anthropometric assessment of pregnant women, predicting perinatal outcomes: adequacy of birthweight, adequacy of birthweight according to gestational age [small for gestational age (SGA), large for gestational age (LGA)] and gestational and neonatal complications. METHODS: The study comprised a cross-sectional study involving 827 post-partum women (>20 years) who were treated in a public maternity hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Data collection occurred by interviews and record consultation. Adequacy of weight gain during pregnancy was determined as being insufficient and excessive for the recommended range according to nutritional status category. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated for logistic regression. RESULTS: Some 36.2% of women initiated gestation with some weight deviation. The prevalence of the outcomes studied was 4.6% (n = 35) for low birthweight, 3.7% (n = 31) for SGA, 5.7% (n = 47) for LGA, 45.2% (n = 374) for pregnancy complications and 15.2% (n = 85) for neonatal complications. For women with insufficient weight gain, the new recommendation indicated a correlation in the prediction of low birthweight (OR = 3.76, 95% CI = 1.53-9.21), SGA newborns (OR = 5.77, 95% CI = 2.10-15.8) and gestational complications (OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.20-2.48). CONCLUSIONS: The method evaluated demonstrated a better sensitivity and specificity for the main outcomes related to insufficient weight gain (low birthweight and SGA). Regarding excessive foetal growth (LGA), gestational and neonatal complications demonstrated sensitivity for an intermediate value.

Adherence of pregnant women to dietary counseling and adequacy of total gestational weight gain.

INTRODUCTION: in scientific literature there are not published researches which have used a validated assessment method of adherence to dietary counseling capable of being reproduced. OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the adherence of pregnant women to dietary counseling during the prenatal period using a validated instrument according to the outcome of total gestational weight gain. METHODS: two hundred and eight adult pregnant women participated in the research. The instrument for adherence classification to dietary counseling was elaborated according to four evaluation criteria: food quantity and quality, meal pattern and adjustment to weekly weight gain. We classified as poor adherence when zero-one criterion was observed, good adherence when 2-3 aspects were observed and excellent when the amount was 4 aspects. RESULTS: Pregnant women with good or excellent adherence had a higher adjustment proportion of the total gestational weight gain in comparison to those who presented poor adherence in the second and fourth visits, respectively (p < 0.006; p < 0.007). Women with poor adherence to dietary counseling in the second visit presented about three times more chances of having poor adherence in the fourth visit (OR = 3.11; CI = 1.46-6.36). CONCLUSION: Adherence of pregnant women to dietary counseling had a positive association with the adjustment of total gestational weight gain.

Reduction of vitamin A deficiency and anemia in pregnancy after implementing proposed prenatal nutritional assistance.

INTRODUCTION: Micronutrient deficiency is an unquestionable public health problem, specially anemia and vitamin A deficiency (VAD). This is due to the collective dimension of these carencies, which reflects on morbimortality rates in the maternal and infant group. OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the impact of a proposal for prenatal nutritional assistance, comparing the prevalence of anemia and VAD, in pre-intervention (GI) and intervention (GII) groups. METHODS: this is a prospective intervention study in a cohort of pregnant women. The GI group was made up of 225 the GII group of 208 pregnant adults and their respective newborns, attended a Public Maternity Ward in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Concentration of hemoglobin was used to diagnose anemia and a standardized interview to diagnose night blindness (XN). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: after adjusting for confounding variables, through logistic regression, the protective effect of intervention at the onset of anemia (OR = 0.420; IC 95% = 0.251-0.702), with a significant reduction in prevalence, of 28.4% in the GI to 16.8% in the GII, also observed at the onset of XN (OR = 0.377; IC95% = 0.187- 0.759), with a reduction in prevalence of 18.7 % in the GI to 6.2% in the GII. Nutritional intervention has a beneficial effect on maternal health, reducing nutritional deficiencies most prevalent during pregnancy and the impact of these on the obstetric ailment.

Minimally invasive computer-assisted stereotactic fenestration of an aqueductal cyst: case report.

INTRODUCTION: Current advances in frame modeling and computer software allow stereotactic procedures to be performed with great accuracy and minimal risk of neural tissue or vascular injury. CASE REPORT: In this report we associate a previously described minimally invasive stereotactic technique with state-of-the-art 3D computer guidance technology to successfully treat a 55-year-old patient with an arachnoidal cyst obstructing the aqueduct of Sylvius. We provide detailed technical information and discuss how this technique deals with previous limitations for stereotactic manipulation of the aqueductal region. We further discuss current advances in neuroendoscopy for treating obstructive hydrocephalus and make comparisons with our proposed technique. CONCLUSION: We advocate that this technique is not only capable of treating this pathology but it also has the advantages to enable reestablishment of physiological CSF flow thus preventing future brainstem compression by cyst enlargement.

Preconcentration and determination of Cu(II) in a fresh water sample using modified silica gel as a solid-phase extraction adsorbent.

A method was developed to attach 4-amino-2-mercaptopyrimidine (AMP) onto silica gel surface and to determine trace metals. The surface functionalization reaction was performed with a silylant agent, chloropropyltrimethoxysilane (Si-CPTS), and the product, Si-AMP, was characterized by FT-IR and elemental analysis to evaluate the surface modification. The functionalized silica was applied in the sorption of Cu(II) ions from an aqueous medium. The series of adsorption isotherms were adjusted to a modified Langmuir equation and the maximum number of moles of adsorbed copper was 0.447 mmol g(-1). The modified material was placed in a preconcentration system, where it reached an approximately 20-fold enrichment factor using 5mg of Si-AMP. The proposed method was applied in the preconcentration and determination of Cu(II) in a fresh water sample from the Paraná river and was validated through a comparative analysis of a standard reference material (1643e).

Birth weight variation according to maternal characteristics and gestational weight gain in Brazilian women.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to identify birth weight variation according to maternal characteristics and gestational weight gain. METHODS: It is a cross-sectional descriptive study with 433 puerperal women (> or = 20 years old) who attended a public maternity hospital in Rio de Janeiro. The data were collected through interviews with the women and access to their medical records. Several models were tested using linear regression, using the stepwise method to identify the predictive variables of birth weight. RESULTS: The mean maternal age and gestational age at the end of pregnancy were 27 years old (+/- 5.09 years) and 39 weeks (+ 1.68 weeks), respectively. The data shows that the mean number of prenatal and nutritional prenatal care appointments were 8.24 (+/- 2.98) and 2.26 (+/- 2.33), respectively. Among the predictor variables of birth weight, total gestational weight gain (beta = 25.29; p = 0.000), pre-gestational BMI (beta =13.02; p = 0.037), and the number of pre-natal care appointments (beta = 28.21; p = 0.007) were highlighted. The association of weight gain in the three trimesters was also verified. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the interface between adequacy of the pre-gestational and gestational nutritional status and some maternal characteristics with birth weight. Nutritional care should be recognised as part of the actions during pre-natal assistance.

Tangential-flow ultrafiltration: a versatile methodology for determination of complexation parameters in refractory organic matter from Brazilian water and soil samples.

In this work the copper(II) complexation parameters of aquatic organic matter, aquatic and soil humic substances from Brazilian were determined using a new versatile approach based on a single-stage tangential-flow ultrafiltration (TF-UF) technique (cut-off 1 kDa) and sensitive atomic spectrometry methods. The results regarding the copper(II) complexation capacity and conditional stability constants obtained for humic materials were compared with those obtained using direct potentiometry with a copper-ion-selective electrode. The analytical procedure based on ultrafiltration is a good alternative to determine the complexation parameters in natural organic material from aquatic and soil systems. This approach presents additional advantages such as better sensibility, applicability for multi-element capability, and its possible to be used under natural conditions when compared with the traditional ion-selective electrode.

Determination of Cu, Ni, and Zn in fuel ethanol by FAAS after enrichment in column packed with 2-aminothiazole-modified silica gel.

This work describes the synthesis and characterization of 2-aminothiazole-modified silica gel (SiAT), as well as its application for preconcentration (in batch and column technique) of Cu(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) in ethanol medium. The adsorption capacities of SiAT determined for each metal ion were (mmol g(-1)): Cu(II)=1.20, Ni(II)=1.10 and Zn(II)=0.90. In addition, results obtained in flow experiments, showed a recovery of ca. 100% of the metal ions adsorbed in a column packed with 500 mg of SiAT. The eluent was 2.0 mol L(-1) HCl. The sorption-desorption of the studied metal ions made possible the development of a preconcentration method for metal ions at trace level in fuel ethanol using flame AAS for their quantification.

Preconcentration of heavy metals ions from aqueous solutions by means of cellulose phosphate: an application in water analysis.

Cellulose phosphate (CELLPHOS) was studied as a collector for analytical preconcentration of traces of Cd(II), Cr(III), Cu(II) and Ni(II) from aqueous sample solution. It has been proved that using chromatographic columns packed with CELLPHOS for preconcentration and 1.0 mol 1(-1) HCl for elution the adsorbed analytes are quantitatively enriched. An enrichment factor of 20 (100 ml sample, 5 ml concentrate) was achieved by this separation procedure, which was applied to a series of water analyses (river, sea, bog water).