Educational short film versus powerpoint based lecture in school tobacco awareness programs: Study from a tertiary cancer Center, Kerala, India.

Multimedia, being more attention-getting and attention-holding, is a powerful tool for mass awareness creation and is used for intervention among students in many studies. Our aim was to see the effectiveness of an educational short film in tobacco awareness generation and to compare it with the traditional lecture-based awareness. Selected schools were divided into two groups as per convenience. Short film was used as intervention in Group 1 and PowerPoint-based lecture in Group 2. The increase in awareness was assessed by a pre and posttest. On analysis, though both methods increased awareness as given by higher posttest score, it is found that the awareness levels showed a statistically significant difference between educational short film on hazards of tobacco and power point-based lecture using Mann-Whitney test. Our study proves that an educational short film carefully scripted and picturized can be used effectively in imparting awareness in school-based tobacco control programs.

Adopting a vein assessment tool improves procedural outcomes in double dose platelet collections - A prospective study.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to determine the phlebotomy and procedural outcomes using a vein assessment tool (VAT) in Double Dose Platelet (DDP) collections by apheresis. METHODS: VAT was based on assessing vein visibility, palpation and size with maximum score of 12 and the least being 0 and the scores were graded as adequate and inadequate. A vein-viewer was used for studying cubital vein patterns (type 1-5). Phlebotomy outcome was defined based on need for re-puncture. Procedural outcomes in terms of target yield attained and RBC reinfusion completed. Chi square test and Mann- Whitney U test were used to assess the vein score and pattern against phlebotomy and procedural outcome. RESULTS: Out of 200 DDP collections, the phlebotomy was successful in 88 % with good procedural outcome in 94 % donations. The cut off in VAT scores for successful phlebotomy was ≥8 (AUC: 70 %). Median vein scores of the arm selected for phlebotomy was 9 and graded adequate in 154 (77 %) donations.Odds for successful phlebotomy was 3.7 times higher when donors had an adequate VAT grades(p = 0.003). Procedural outcomes was favourable when at least one arm had adequate VAT grade when compared to both arms being inadequate (98 % vs 82 %; p < 0.001). Phlebotomy failure was more with first time apheresis donors than repeat apheresis donors (p = 0.014). CONCLUSION: This study indicated that a VAT score with a cut off of ≥8 had better phlebotomy and procedural outcomes in DDP collections and that donor with at least one arm having the VAT score of ≥8 are preferred for DDP collections.

Effectiveness of Homeopathic Medicines as Add-on to Institutional Management Protocol for Acute Encephalitis Syndrome in Children: An Open-Label Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) is endemic to certain parts of India, with limited treatment options. In our initial exploratory comparative observational study of 151 patients with AES, there was significantly reduced mortality with adjunctive homeopathy compared to institutional management protocol (IMP). The present randomized placebo-controlled trial brings more statistical rigor to this research program. METHODS: This study was conducted at a pediatric unit from 2013 to 2015. Children aged > 6 months and ≤ 18 years and receiving IMP were randomized to receive adjunctive homeopathy (n = 325) or placebo as control (n = 323). The primary effectiveness analysis was based on Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). Morbidity was assessed using the Liverpool Outcome Score for Assessing Children at Follow-up. Analysis was by intention to treat. RESULTS: A total of 612 children were analyzed (Homeopathy [H] = 304; Control [C] = 308). The primary outcome, GOS, differed significantly between H and C groups. There was 14.8% death/neuro-vegetative state in the H group compared to 29.8% in the C group. Relative risk was 0.49 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.36 to 0.68), with absolute risk reduction of 15.0% (95% CI: 8.6 to 21.6%). Number needed to treat to prevent one additional death/neuro-vegetative state was 6.6 (95% CI: 4.6 to 11.6). Proportional-odds analysis also revealed a greater effect in the H group: odds ratio, 0.40 (95% CI: 0.27 to 0.60). The most frequently used medicines were Belladonna (n = 116), Stramonium (n = 33), Arsenicum album (n = 25), Sulfur (n = 18), Opium (n = 17), and Nux vomica (n = 10). CONCLUSION: Adjunctive homeopathic medicines may improve clinical outcomes associated with AES. Further randomized and controlled studies, using double-blinded trial design, are recommended to discover if the current findings may be corroborated.

A multi-centric open clinical trial to evaluate the usefulness of 13 predefined homeopathic medicines in the management of acute rhinitis in children

Aims: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of a group of homeopathic medicines in children with acute rhinitis. Materials and methods: In this multi-centric open clinical trial, a total of 784 children (408 males; 384 females) aged 6 months to 15 years, presenting symptoms of acute rhinitis were enrolled from 7 Institutes/ Units under the Central Council for Research in Homeopathy (India). Symptoms were assessed using an acute rhinitis symptom score (ARSS). A total of 13 homeopathic medicines were shortlisted after repertorizing the nosological symptoms of acute rhinitis in children and the results were analyzed. The medicines were prescribed in dilution 6c (10-12) and doses were repeated from few minutes to few hours as per the need of the case. Appearance of any change (improvement or worsening) was followed by placebo / change in dilution or change in medicine according to the response of the patient. The follow up period was up to the 7th day of illness. Results: Out of 784 children enrolled, 638 children were followed up and analyzed. A significant change in the score from the baseline (p<0.05) was observed. Twelve medicines were found to be useful in 638 children suffering from acute rhinitis and among them Nux-v (n=109), Merc (n=106) and Bell (n=88) were the most useful. No complications were observed during the treatment. Adverse events in the form of hyperpyrexia were observed in 2 children only. Conclusion: This study indicates the usefulness of homeopathic medicines in the management of acute rhinitis of children; controlled studies are needed to investigate their efficacy and effectiveness.

Objetivos; este estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito de um grupo de medicamentos em crianças com rinite aguda. Materiais e métodos: neste estudo multicêntrico aberto, foram recrutadas 784 crianças (408 masculinas; 384 femininas) com idade entre 6 meses e 15 anos apresentando sintomas de rinite aguda e que consultaram 7 institutos/centros sob o Conselho Central de Pesquisa em Homeopatia (Índia). Os sintomas foram avaliados através de um escore para sintomas de rinite aguda (ARSS). Um total de 13 medicamentos homeopáticos foi estabelecido após repertorização dos sintomas nosológicos da rinite aguda em crianças e os resultados foram analisados. Os medicamentos foram prescritos na diluição 6cH (10-12) e as doses foram repetidas de minutos a horas segundo a necessidade em cada caso. O aparecimento de qualquer mudança (melhora ou piora) foi seguido pela prescrição de placebo ou mudança da diluição ou do medicamento, de acordo com a resposta do paciente. O período de acompanhamento foi até o 7º dia da doença. Resultados: dentre as 784 crianças recrutadas, 638 foram acompanhadas e analisadas. Houve mudança significativa no escore (p<0,05) por comparação ao ingresso. Doze medicamentos foram úteis em 638 crianças com rinite aguda, entre eles Nux-v (n=109), Merc (n=106) e Bell (n=88) foram os mais úteis. Não foram observadas complicações durante o tratamento. Efeitos adversos sob a forma de hiperpirexia foram observados somente em 2 crianças. Conclusão: este estudo indica a utilidade dos medicamentos homeopáticos no manejo da rinite aguda em crianças; são necessários estudos controlados para determinar sua eficácia e efetividade.

Objetivos: este estudio buscó evaluar el efecto de un grupo de medicamentos homeopáticos en niños portadores de rinitis aguda. Materiales y métodos: en este estudio multicéntrico abierto fueron reclutados 784 niños (408 niños; 384 niñas) de edad entre 6 meses y 15 años que consultaron con síntomas de rinitis aguda en 7 institutos/centros dependientes del Consejo Central de Investigación en Homeopatía (India). Los síntomas fueron evaluados mediante un score para síntomas de rinitis aguda (ARSS). Fueron listados 13 medicamentos homeopáticos después de repertorización y análisis de los síntomas de rinitis aguda en niños. Los medicamentos fueron prescritos en la dilución 6cH (10~12) y las dosis fueron repetidas desde minutos a horas según la necesidad en cada caso. La aparición de todo cambio (mejoría o empeoramiento) fue seguida de prescripción de placebo/cambio de la dilución o del medicamento según la respuesta del paciente. Los pacientes fueron acompañados hasta el 7º día de tratamiento. Resultados: De 784 niños reclutados, 638 fueron acompañados y analizados. Fue observado cambio significativo en el score (p<0,05). Doce medicamentos se mostraron útiles en 638 niños portadores de rinitis aguda; entre ellos, Nux-v (n=108), Merc (n=106) y Bell (n=88) fueron los más útiles.

A multi-centric open clinical trial to evaluate the usefulness of 13 predefined homeopathic medicines in the management of acute rhinitis in children / Estudo multicêntrico aberto para avaliação da utilidade de 13 medicamentos homeopáticos predefinidos no manejo da rinite aguda em crianças / Estudio multicéntrico abierto para evaluar la utilidad de 13 medicamentos homeopáticos pre definidos en el manejo de la rinitis aguda en niños

Aims: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of a group of homeopathic medicines in children with acute rhinitis. Materials and methods: In this multi-centric open clinical trial, a total of 784 children (408 males; 384 females) aged 6 months to 15 years, presenting symptoms of acute rhinitis were enrolled from 7 Institutes/ Units under the Central Council for Research in Homeopathy (India). Symptoms were assessed using an acute rhinitis symptom score (ARSS). A total of 13 homeopathic medicines were shortlisted after repertorizing the nosological symptoms of acute rhinitis in children and the results were analyzed. The medicines were prescribed in dilution 6c (10-12) and doses were repeated from few minutes to few hours as per the need of the case. Appearance of any change (improvement or worsening) was followed by placebo / change in dilution or change in medicine according to the response of the patient. The follow up period was up to the 7th day of illness. Results: Out of 784 children enrolled, 638 children were followed up and analyzed. A significant change in the score from the baseline (p<0.05) was observed. Twelve medicines were found to be useful in 638 children suffering from acute rhinitis and among them Nux-v (n=109), Merc (n=106) and Bell (n=88) were the most useful. No complications were observed during the treatment. Adverse events in the form of hyperpyrexia were observed in 2 children only. Conclusion: This study indicates the usefulness of homeopathic medicines in the management of acute rhinitis of children; controlled studies are needed to investigate their efficacy and effectiveness.(AU)

Objetivos; este estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito de um grupo de medicamentos em crianças com rinite aguda. Materiais e métodos: neste estudo multicêntrico aberto, foram recrutadas 784 crianças (408 masculinas; 384 femininas) com idade entre 6 meses e 15 anos apresentando sintomas de rinite aguda e que consultaram 7 institutos/centros sob o Conselho Central de Pesquisa em Homeopatia (Índia). Os sintomas foram avaliados através de um escore para sintomas de rinite aguda (ARSS). Um total de 13 medicamentos homeopáticos foi estabelecido após repertorização dos sintomas nosológicos da rinite aguda em crianças e os resultados foram analisados. Os medicamentos foram prescritos na diluição 6cH (10-12) e as doses foram repetidas de minutos a horas segundo a necessidade em cada caso. O aparecimento de qualquer mudança (melhora ou piora) foi seguido pela prescrição de placebo ou mudança da diluição ou do medicamento, de acordo com a resposta do paciente. O período de acompanhamento foi até o 7º dia da doença. Resultados: dentre as 784 crianças recrutadas, 638 foram acompanhadas e analisadas. Houve mudança significativa no escore (p<0,05) por comparação ao ingresso. Doze medicamentos foram úteis em 638 crianças com rinite aguda, entre eles Nux-v (n=109), Merc (n=106) e Bell (n=88) foram os mais úteis. Não foram observadas complicações durante o tratamento. Efeitos adversos sob a forma de hiperpirexia foram observados somente em 2 crianças. Conclusão: este estudo indica a utilidade dos medicamentos homeopáticos no manejo da rinite aguda em crianças; são necessários estudos controlados para determinar sua eficácia e efetividade.(AU)

Objetivos: este estudio buscó evaluar el efecto de un grupo de medicamentos homeopáticos en niños portadores de rinitis aguda. Materiales y métodos: en este estudio multicéntrico abierto fueron reclutados 784 niños (408 niños; 384 niñas) de edad entre 6 meses y 15 años que consultaron con síntomas de rinitis aguda en 7 institutos/centros dependientes del Consejo Central de Investigación en Homeopatía (India). Los síntomas fueron evaluados mediante un score para síntomas de rinitis aguda (ARSS). Fueron listados 13 medicamentos homeopáticos después de repertorización y análisis de los síntomas de rinitis aguda en niños. Los medicamentos fueron prescritos en la dilución 6cH (10~12) y las dosis fueron repetidas desde minutos a horas según la necesidad en cada caso. La aparición de todo cambio (mejoría o empeoramiento) fue seguida de prescripción de placebo/cambio de la dilución o del medicamento según la respuesta del paciente. Los pacientes fueron acompañados hasta el 7º día de tratamiento. Resultados: De 784 niños reclutados, 638 fueron acompañados y analizados. Fue observado cambio significativo en el score (p<0,05). Doce medicamentos se mostraron útiles en 638 niños portadores de rinitis aguda; entre ellos, Nux-v (n=108), Merc (n=106) y Bell (n=88) fueron los más útiles.(AU)