EUS-guided jejunoduodenostomy: another option for the management of stenosis in hepaticojejunoanastomosis.

Our case report describes a patient with recurrent stenoses in both the right and left hepaticojejunoanastomoses due to an injury to the bile ducts during cholecystectomy several years ago. The anastomoses could not be reached endoscopically.  EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy would be a solution only for the left hepatic duct anastomosis. As the patient refused percutaneous transhepatic drainage (PTD) of both intrahepatic ducts and dilation of both anastomoses, endoscopic ultrasound-guided jejunoduodenostomy was performed using a lumen apposing metal stent (LAMS). This method provides repeated endoscopic access to the anastomoses of both hepatic ducts, allowing for their treatment.

Torcular dural sinus malformations: a single-center case series and a review of literature.

INTRODUCTION: Torcular dural sinus malformations (tDSMs) are rare vascular pathologies with various anatomoclinical pictures and prognosis. We analyzed our case series and corroborated the complexity of this rare unit by a review of literature. CASE SERIES: From 2003 to 2018, we treated four tDSMs patients. The evolution of three postnatally diagnosed cases of similar angioarchitecture contrasted with a fourth antenatally diagnosed case with significant torcular thrombosis. All patients were examined by computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, CT angiography, and MRI angiography. Three patients underwent digital subtraction angiography with embolization of feeders. Unusual pathological images were depicted. CONCLUSIONS: Early diagnosis along with embolization of feeders and lake could improve the outcome for tDSM patients with dural arteriovenous shunts. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt implantation before endovascular treatment led to significant worsening of both clinical presentation and MRI picture. For patients who persist with hydrocephalus despite the endovascular approach, we suggest endoscopic third ventriculostomy as a first-line treatment option. Antenatally diagnosed patients with thrombosed lakes constitute a prognostically better group of patients. Spontaneous thrombosis and remodelation of the lake can, however, still leave neurological sequelae, as observed in our patient.

Spontaneous detumescence and full restoration of erection in a patient with high-flow priapism with persistent arterial-lacunar fistula after repeated selective embolisation-A case report.

High-flow priapism is a rare condition mainly caused by perineal trauma. Laceration of cavernosal artery results in a formation of arterial-lacunar fistula with unregulated blood flow causing prolonged erection. We present a case of a 25-year-old man with high-flow priapism and concurrent erectile dysfunction treated with repeated selective embolisation with only a partial effect. When no further embolisation was possible, we assumed on conservative management even through the fistula was still present. Spontaneous detumescence occurred 9 months, and erectile function has fully restored 24 months after the injury. To the best of our knowledge, spontaneous detumescence with full restoration of erection even through the persistent arterial-lacunar fistula has not been reported previously. Therefore, we propose conservative approach after embolisation to be an option.

[Massive bleeding in portal hypertension endoscopic, surgical or endovascular management?] / Prudké krvácení pri portální hypertenzi endoskopické, chirurgické, nebo intervencní resení?

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is a serious and potentially life-threatening abdominal emergency. An important diagnostic goal is to determine the cause and localize the bleeding site(s), which is crucial for choosing an appropriate therapy and consequently also for the long-term result. Our case report presents a patient with recurrent upper gastrointestinal bleeding where even repeated endoscopic, surgical and endovascular interventions were not sufficient to determinate the cause of bleeding and to save the patient´s life.Key words: portal hypertension hepatic cirrhosis variceal bleeding ulcerative bleeding.

[Using a stent graft in the treatment of hepatic artery bleeding after pancreatoduodenectomy]. / Krvácení z pseudoaneuryzmatu a. hepatica po pankreatoduodenektomii resené implantací stentgraftu.

Delayed bleeding is a potential complication of pancreatoduodenectomy. Its treatment is either endovascular or surgical (stentgraft, embolization). Our case report presents a patient with bleeding from the hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm within a period of 3 months after pancreatoduodenectomy for common bile duct carcinoma, resolved using a stent graft.

[Vascular injuries in joint replacement surgery]. / Problematika cévních poranení u operací kycelního kloubu.

Iatrogenic injuries to blood vessels in joint replacement surgery are rare events that occur as few per thousand. However, their sequelae are serious. The patient may either bleed to death, because vascular injury is not obvious and therefore difficult to diagnose, or lose the limb due to ischaemia. The highest risk of vascular injury is associated with repeat surgery and loosening of the acetabular component. We distinguish sharp and blunt force injuries. The former are caused by implants, sharp instruments, bone fragments or bone cement debris. The latter arise from stretching over a part of implanted material. Bleeding can be inapparent or apparent. Inapparent bleeding is difficult to diagnose and is recognized from the dynamics of blood losses. Haemodynamic instability or, in a worse case, even hypovolaemic shock may be the only signs of bleeding. Occlusion of an artery is manifested by limb ischaemia. The seriousness and progression of ischaemia depends on the rate of arterial occlusion, potential pathways for collateral circulation and the degree of atherosclerotic vascular disease. The patient with conduction anaesthesia does not feel pain and therefore the diagnosis must primarily be based on arterial pulsation in the limb and its skin colour. A pseudoaneurysm can develop due to a partially weakened vascular wall and its rupture is a life-threatening complication. Its presence is recognized as a pulsating mass in the groin. An arterio- venous fistula which arises from traumatic communication between the two vessels may lead to cardiac failure. The diagnosis is based on examination by sonography and digital subtraction angiography. The results of CT angiography and MR angiography are difficult to evaluate because of the presence of metal implants. In apparent bleeding it is sometimes difficult to locate the source. It is recommended to perform digital compression and gain access to the vessels from the extraperitoneal approach. When an expanding haematoma or ischaemia is present, the artery can be treated by surgical exploration or percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. A possibility of vascular injury should be taken into account particularly in revision arthroplasty. To check blood flow in the limb before surgery is advisable. If the procedure entails a significant risk of post-operative complications, a vascular surgeon should be available. In the case of acute intra-operative bleeding, the source should be localised as soon as possible, the site compressed and an expert assistance called in. When the source is not obvious, it should not be attempted to apply vascular clamps or clips at random; this may do even more damage to the vessel.

Toxicity of irinotecan-eluting beads in the treatment of hepatic malignancies: results of a multi-institutional registry.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the predictors of toxicity of drug-eluting beads loaded with irinotecan (DEBIRI) in the treatment of hepatic malignancies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 330 patients were enrolled in a prospective, open-label, multicenter, multinational, single-arm study administering two types of drug-eluting beads (DEBIRI and drug-eluting beads loaded with doxorubicin). Complications were graded by Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program's Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 3.0. All events requiring additional physician treatment or requiring extended hospital stay or readmission within 30 days were included. RESULTS: A total of 109 patients received 187 DEBIRI treatments (range 1 to 5 per patient). The most common histology was metastatic colorectal cancer in 76% of patients, cholangiocarcinoma in 7% of patients, and other metastatic disease in 17% of patients. There were 35 patients (19%) with irinotecan treatments who sustained 158 treatment-related adverse events, with the median CTCAE event grade being CTCAE grade 2 (range 1 to 5). The most common adverse events were postembolic symptoms (42%). Multivariate analysis identified pretreatment and treatment-related risk factors as follows: lack of pretreatment with hepatic arterial lidocaine (p = 0.005), > or = 3 treatments (p = 0.05), achievement of complete stasis (p = 0.04), treatment with >100 mg DEBIRI in 1 treatment (p = 0.03), and bilirubin >2.0 microg/dl with >50% liver involvement (p = 0.05). These factors were predictive of adverse events and significantly greater hospital length of stay. CONCLUSIONS: DEBIRI is safe when appropriate technique and treatment are used. Adverse events can be predicted based on pretreatment- and treatment-related factors, and their occurrence can become part of the informed consent process. Continued standardization of this treatment will lead to fewer adverse events and improved patient quality of life.

Our experience with surgical treatment of tympanojugular pragangliomas.

Tympanojugular paragangliomas are benign and slow growing lesions of the lateral skull base. Due to their localization and vascularity, they represent a surgical challenge. Treatment modalities include preoperative embolization of feeding vessels and tumour itself, surgical removal and irradiation. In our group, 16 patients with large tympanojugular paragangliomas have been operated in the period of 10 years. Surgical radicality has been achieved in 62.5%, in the rest of patients the tumour remnants were either irradiated with a Leksell gamma knife, or left without treatment in a wait-end-rescan approach. According to the benign character of the tumour, radicality is not always the highest goal, since a radical removal may be compromised by a high postoperative morbidity.

[Treatment of hemosuccus pancreaticus by bilateral embolization of gastric arteries]. / Lécba hemosuccus pancreaticus embolizací obou gastrických tepen.

BACKGROUND: Arosion of peripancreatic arteries in acute or chronic pancreatitis is a rare cause of bleeding into gastrointestinal tract--hemosuccus pancreaticus. Aim of the paper is to show the diagnostic and therapeutic options in this serious clinical stage. METHODS AND RESULTS: We report a case of a patient with chronic pancreatitis who developed acute bleeding into the gastrointestinal tract due to the perforation of a pseudoaneurysm into pancreatic pseudocyst in the area of the pancreatic body. The diagnosis of hemosuccus pancreaticus, established by endoscopy and postcontrast CT examination, was confirmed by angiography. We stopped the acute bleeding from pseudoaneurysm, unusually well supplied by both gastric arteries by embolization of both arteries with metallic coils. CONCLUSIONS: Angiography plays an irreplaceable role in patients with hemosuccus pancreaticus. Our case demonstrates bleeding from pseudoaneurysm supplied by both gastric arteries, whose embolization produced an immediate hemostasis and improvment the patient's condition.

[Percutaneous cholecystostomy in acute cholecystitis--a solution for risk patient groups?]. / Perkutánní cholecystostomie pri akutní cholecystitide--resení pro rizikové nemocné?

In treating acute cholecystitis in patients with a high operative risk, the general rule is to treat conservatively, with surgery indicated in those patients where this therapy is insufficient. Cholecystotomy is one alternative method of treatment. Due to its disadvantages, it belongs to one of the most seldomly used surgical procedures. These drawbacks, however, may be curtailed by using a percutaneous cholecystotomy (PC) done under CT or US navigation. The authors here recount their experiences of treating acute cholecystitis with PC in two case studies, relating difficulties in indication, technical performance, and complications of the procedure. In accordance with scientific literature, we consider PC an effective treatment method with minimal complications.

Gastric cancer in young patients--is there any hope for them?

Gastric cancer usually affects people older than sixty years. This type of cancer is very rare in adults under thirty years of age. In addition, the prognosis in this part of population is grave due to the high incidence of undifferentiated tumours and advanced stage at time of diagnosis. Radical surgery affords the only chance for long term survival, but even this option is often limited upon finding locally advanced disease or peritoneal seeding. The following are case studies of three young adults from a group of 45 patients, who were treated between January 1st, 2000 and December 31st, 2003.

[Drainage of pathologic fluid collections under CT guidance]. / Drenáze patologických kolekcí tekutin pod CT kontrolou.

During the period from January 2000 to November 2001 the authors performed in 98 patients 129 drainages of pathological fluid collections. In all instances the drainages were performed under CT control. In 80 patients the drain was placed in the area of the pleural cavity, in 47 in the area of the peritoneal cavity and in three patients the localization was different. For drainage they used catheters of the pigtail type size from 8F to 24 F, depending on the extent of the pathological collection, its depth, and nature of the drained contents. In 119 cases Seldinger's method was used, in 10 the tandem troacar method of placement of drainage catheters. The placement of the drainage catheter under CT control is a safe and effective method for removal of pathological fluid collection. In the authors' group successful drainage was proved in 71 of 84 (84.5%) patients followed up on a long-term basis.