Unpacking the Drivers of LGBT+ Legislation.

This paper stems from the hypothesis that there are various key factors rooted in economic, political, and social grounds which actively influence and determine the adoption and evolution of LGBT+ rights in the legal framework of any country. The goal of this research is to analyze these factors and understand how they channel the LGBT+ legislation in our present world. Assuming there is an asymmetry in this application and by extension in LGBT+ individuals' human rights, which are often ignored if not deprived in many parts of the world, this study seeks to understand the reasons behind that asymmetry. Based on a sample of 127 countries, a correlation analysis and a Panel data model were developed to analyze the real impact of these factors.

Surgical care and trauma patients capacity in Piura, Perú - Cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Low and medium income countries face challenges in access and delivery of surgical care, resulting in a high number of deaths and disabled individuals. Objective: To estimate the capacity to provide surgical and trauma care in public hospitals in the Piura region, Perú, a middle income country. Methods: A survey was administered in public hospitals in the Peruvian region of Piura, which combined the Spanish versions of the PIPES and INTACT surveys, and the WHO situational analysis tool. The extent of the event was assessed based in the absolute differences between the medians of the scores estimated, and the Mann-Whitney bilateral tests, according to the geographical location and the level of hospital complexity. Results: Seven public hospitals that perform surgeries in the Piura region were assessed. Three provinces (3/8) did not have any complexity healthcare institutions. The average hospital in the peripheral provinces tended to be smaller than in the capital province in INTACT (8.25 vs. 9.5, p = 0.04). Additionally, water supply issues were identified (2/7), lack of incinerator (3/7), lack of uninterrupted availability of a CT-scanner (5/7) and problems with working hours; in other words, the blood banks in two hospitals were not open 24 hours. Conclusions: There is a significant inequality among the provinces in the region in terms of their trauma care capacities and several shortfalls in the public sector healthcare infrastructure. This information is required to conduct future research on capacity measurements in every public and private institution in the Peruvian region of Piura.

Introducción: Los países de ingresos bajos y medianos tienen problemas en el acceso y la provisión de atención quirúrgica, lo cual ocasiona un alto número de fallecimientos y de personas con discapacidad. Objetivo: Estimar la capacidad para la atención quirúrgica y de pacientes traumatizados en los hospitales públicos en la región de Piura, Perú, un país de ingreso mediano. Métodos: En los hospitales públicos de la región peruana de Piura se aplicó una encuesta que combinaba las versiones en español de las encuestas PIPES e INTACT y de la herramienta de análisis situacional de la Organizacion Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Se evaluó la magnitud del evento mediante las diferencias absolutas entre las medianas de los puntajes calculados y pruebas bilaterales de Mann-Whitney según la ubicación geográfica y el nivel de complejidad hospitalaria. Resultados: Se evaluaron siete hospitales públicos que realizan cirugía en la región de Piura. Tres provincias (3/8) no contaban con instituciones sanitarias con complejidad de hospital. La mediana de los hospitales de las provincias periféricas tuvo tendencia a ser menor que la de la provincia capital en la INTACT (8,25 vs. 9,5, p = 0,04). Asimismo, se hallaron problemas de abastecimiento de agua (2/7), ausencia de incinerador (3/7), falta de funcionamiento permanente de tomógrafo (5/7) y problemas con el horario de funcionamiento de los bancos de sangre, ya que no funcionaban las 24 horas del día en 2 hospitales (2/7). Conclusiones: Se describe la alta desigualdad entre las provincias de la región en la capacidad de atención de trauma y varias carencias en la infraestructura sanitaria del sector público. Esta información es necesaria para desarrollar futura investigación de medición de capacidades en todos los establecimientos públicos y privados de la región peruana de Piura.

Tratamientos empleados para el síndrome de Dravet / Treatments used for Dravet syndrome / Tratamentos usados para a síndrome de Dravet

Se estima que el síndrome de Dravet (SD) es una encefalopatía epiléptica y de desarrollo grave, que ocurre en 1 de cada 15000 nacidos vivos. Se caracteriza por una epilepsia resistente a los medicamentos que se presenta en el primer año de vida con convulsiones prolongadas acompañadas de fiebre o cambios de temperatura, a menudo de naturaleza hemiclónica, seguidas de convulsiones no provocadas de diversos tipos. Objetivo. Describir los tratamientos empleados para el Síndrome de Dravet. Metodología. Se realizó una revisión sistemática. Para ello, se ejecutó una búsqueda en múltiples bases de datos, como Pubmed, Dialnet, Sciencedirect, Scielo y Scopus. La búsqueda se limitó a los artículos publicados desde el año 2017 hasta el 2022. Después de recopilar los artículos, se aplicaron varios criterios de filtrado para asegurarse de que sólo se incluyeran aquellos estudios que eran pertinentes para el análisis. Conclusión. Los tratamientos actuales, como los medicamentos antiepilépticos, las dietas cetogénicas y la estimulación nerviosa, han demostrado ser efectivos para reducir la frecuencia y la gravedad de las convulsiones en los pacientes. Es importante que los pacientes y sus cuidadores trabajen en conjunto con un equipo médico para lograr la mejor gestión posible de la enfermedad. Aunque no se dispone de una cura definitiva para el Síndrome de Dravet, los avances médicos continúan proporcionando esperanza y opciones de tratamiento a los pacientes y sus familias.

Dravet syndrome (DS) is estimated to be a severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, occurring in 1 in 15000 live births. It is characterized by drug-resistant epilepsy presenting in the first year of life with prolonged seizures accompanied by fever or temperature changes, often hemiclonic in nature, followed by unprovoked seizures of various types. Objective. To describe the treatments used for Dravet syndrome. Methodology. A systematic review was performed. For this purpose, a search was carried out in multiple databases, such as Pubmed, Dialnet, Sciencedirect, Scielo and Scopus. The search was limited to articles published from 2017 to 2022. After collecting the articles, several filtering criteria were applied to ensure that only those studies that were relevant to the analysis were included. Conclusion. Current treatments, such as antiepileptic drugs, ketogenic diets, and nerve stimulation, have been shown to be effective in reducing the frequency and severity of seizures in patients. It is important that patients and their caregivers work together with a medical team to achieve the best possible management of the disease. Although there is no definitive cure for Dravet syndrome, medical advances continue to provide hope and treatment options for patients and their families.

Estima-se que a síndrome de Dravet (SD) seja uma encefalopatia epiléptica e de desenvolvimento grave, que ocorre em 1 a cada 15.000 nascidos vivos. Caracteriza-se por epilepsia resistente a medicamentos que se apresenta no primeiro ano de vida com convulsões prolongadas acompanhadas de febre ou alterações de temperatura, muitas vezes de natureza hemiclônica, seguidas de convulsões não provocadas de vários tipos. Objetivo. Descrever os tratamentos usados para a síndrome de Dravet. Metodologia. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa em vários bancos de dados, como Pubmed, Dialnet, Sciencedirect, Scielo e Scopus. A pesquisa foi limitada a artigos publicados de 2017 a 2022. Após a coleta dos artigos, vários critérios de filtragem foram aplicados para garantir que apenas os estudos relevantes para a análise fossem incluídos. Conclusão. Os tratamentos atuais, como medicamentos antiepilépticos, dietas cetogênicas e estimulação nervosa, demonstraram ser eficazes na redução da frequência e da gravidade das convulsões nos pacientes. É importante que os pacientes e seus cuidadores trabalhem em conjunto com uma equipe médica para obter o melhor controle possível da doença. Embora não haja uma cura definitiva para a Síndrome de Dravet, os avanços médicos continuam a oferecer esperança e opções de tratamento para os pacientes e suas famílias.

Surgical care and trauma patients capacity in Piura, Peru - Cross-sectional study / Capacidades para la atención quirúrgica y de pacientes traumatizados en la región de Piura, Perú. Estudio de corte transversal

Abstract Introduction: Low and medium income countries face challenges in access and delivery of surgical care, resulting in a high number of deaths and disabled individuals. Objective: To estimate the capacity to provide surgical and trauma care in public hospitals in the Piura region, Perú, a middle income country. Methods: A survey was administered in public hospitals in the Peruvian region of Piura, which combined the Spanish versions of the PIPES and INTACT surveys, and the WHO situational analysis tool. The extent of the event was assessed based in the absolute differences between the medians of the scores estimated, and the Mann-Whitney bilateral tests, according to the geographical location and the level of hospital complexity. Results: Seven public hospitals that perform surgeries in the Piura region were assessed. Three provinces (3/8) did not have any complexity healthcare institutions. The average hospital in the peripheral provinces tended to be smaller than in the capital province in INTACT (8.25 vs. 9.5, p = 0.04). Additionally, water supply issues were identified (2/7), lack of incinerator (3/7), lack of uninterrupted availability of a CT-scanner (5/7) and problems with working hours; in other words, the blood banks in two hospitals were not open 24 hours. Conclusions: There is a significant inequality among the provinces in the region in terms of their trauma care capacities and several shortfalls in the public sector healthcare infrastructure. This information is required to conduct future research on capacity measurements in every public and private institution in the Peruvian region of Piura.

Resumen Introducción: Los países de ingresos bajos y medianos tienen problemas en el acceso y la provisión de atención quirúrgica, lo cual ocasiona un alto número de fallecimientos y de personas con discapacidad. Objetivo: Estimar la capacidad para la atención quirúrgica y de pacientes traumatizados en los hospitales públicos en la región de Piura, Perú, un país de ingreso mediano. Métodos: En los hospitales públicos de la región peruana de Piura se aplicó una encuesta que combinaba las versiones en español de las encuestas PIPES e INTACT y de la herramienta de análisis situacional de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Se evaluó la magnitud del evento mediante las diferencias absolutas entre las medianas de los puntajes calculados y pruebas bilaterales de Mann-Whitney según la ubicación geográfica y el nivel de complejidad hospitalaria. Resultados: Se evaluaron siete hospitales públicos que realizan cirugía en la región de Piura. Tres provincias (3/8) no contaban con instituciones sanitarias con complejidad de hospital. La mediana de los hospitales de las provincias periféricas tuvo tendencia a ser menor que la de la provincia capital en la INTACT (8,25 vs. 9,5, p = 0,04). Asimismo, se hallaron problemas de abastecimiento de agua (2/7), ausencia de incinerador (3/7), falta de funcionamiento permanente de tomógrafo (5/7) y problemas con el horario de funcionamiento de los bancos de sangre, ya que no funcionaban las 24 horas del día en 2 hospitales (2/7). Conclusiones: Se describe la alta desigualdad entre las provincias de la región en la capacidad de atención de trauma y varias carencias en la infraestructura sanitaria del sector público. Esta información es necesaria para desarrollar futura investigación de medición de capacidades en todos los establecimientos públicos y privados de la región peruana de Piura.

[Being a woman and studying laws: anthropological approaches to harassment and their resistance at a public university in Mexico City, Mexico]. / Ser mujer y estudiar leyes: aproximaciones antropológicas al acoso y su resistencia en una universidad pública de la Ciudad de México, México.

This article describes harassment practices in higher education and explains why they are taken for granted, besides documenting forms of resistance reported by some students and professors. From January 2016 to March 2017, nine in-depth interviews were held with students who had experienced harassment at a public school of law in Mexico City, Mexico, besides interviews with three male students and two female professors. The findings suggest that some professors harass selectively, based on dress codes associated with gender stereotypes. Harassment can be viewed as an exemplary punishment with corrective purposes, or part of school discipline and the formation of female students' identity at the institution. The study also detected forms of heteronormative vigilance that take harassment for granted, to the degree that some female students consider it part of a lifestyle to which they have to adapt in order to complete their studies. Other female students have found ways of denouncing harassment, through informal strategies by which they have contributed to exposing and denaturalizing this gender violence. For example, some professors have ordered female students to wear skirts when taking exams, but this order is not always obeyed, and the students that have refused have organized resistance movements. Thus far there has been no intervention by the university administration to guarantee harassment-free spaces for women, which highlights the need to create guidelines and rules for higher education that allow typifying such acts as serious offenses and preventing sexual harassment.

En este artículo se describen algunas prácticas de acoso en educación superior y se explica por qué se naturalizan. También se documentan las formas de resistencia narradas por algunas estudiantes y profesoras. Entre enero de 2016 y marzo de 2017 se hicieron nueve entrevistas en profundidad con estudiantes que experimentaron acoso en una escuela pública que imparte la carrera de leyes en la Ciudad de México, México, además se entrevistaron a tres estudiantes varones y a dos profesoras. Los hallazgos sugieren que algunos profesores acosan selectivamente, con base en códigos de vestir relacionados con los estereotipos de género. El acoso puede ser visto como un castigo ejemplar, pues tiene fines correctivos, es decir, es parte de la disciplina escolar y de la formación identitaria de las estudiantes en esta institución. También se detectaron formas de vigilancia heteronormativa que naturalizan el acoso, al punto en que algunas lo consideran parte de un modo de vida al que hay que adaptarse para poder concluir los estudios. Otras han encontrado maneras de denunciar, a través de estrategias informales, con las que han contribuido a visibilizar y desnaturalizar esta violencia de género. Por ejemplo, algunos docentes establecen el uso de falda como requisito para presentar exámenes, sin embargo, este mandato no siempre es acatado por las estudiantes y quienes se niegan a obedecer han organizado movimientos de resistencia estudiantiles. Hasta ahora no existe una intervención de las autoridades que garantice a las mujeres espacios libres de acoso, esto hace evidente la necesidad de crear estatutos y reglamentos en educación superior que permitan definir estos delitos como graves, para así prevenir el acoso sexual.

Este artigo descreve algumas práticas de assédio no ensino superior e explica por que estão se naturalizando. Também se documentaram as formas de resistência narradas por algumas estudantes universitárias e professoras. Entre janeiro de 2016 e março de 2017 foram realizadas nove entrevistas em profundidade com estudantes universitárias que vivenciaram situações de assédio na faculdade pública de direito na Cidade do México, México, além de três estudantes homens e duas professoras. Delas se desprende que determinados professores assediam seletivamente, com base em códigos vestimentários relacionados com os estereótipos de gênero. O assédio pode ser visto como um castigo exemplar, tendo um propósito corretivo, isto é, seria parte da disciplina escolar e da formação identitária das universitárias daquela instituição. Também foram detectadas formas de vigilância heteronormativa que naturalizam o assédio a ponto de algumas considerá-lo parte de um modo de vida ao que precisam se adequar para conseguir concluir os estudos. Outras encontraram formas de denunciar, por meio de estratégias informais, pelas quais contribuíram para dar visibilidade e desnaturalizar esta violência de gênero. Por exemplo, apesar de alguns docentes determinarem o uso de saia como requisito para fazer as provas, nem todas as universitárias acatam tal exigência e as que recusam organizaram movimentos de resistência estudantil. Até agora, não houve qualquer ação por parte das autoridades, no sentido de garantir às mulheres espaços livres de assédio, o que realça ainda mais a necessidade de criar estatutos e regulamentos no ensino superior que tipifiquem tais delitos como graves, de modo a coibir o assédio sexual.

Ser mujer y estudiar leyes: aproximaciones antropológicas al acoso y su resistencia en una universidad pública de la Ciudad de México, México / Being a woman and studying laws: anthropological approaches to harassment and their resistance at a public university in Mexico City, Mexico / Ser mulher e estudar as leis: abordagens antropológicas do assédio e a sua resistência em uma universidade pública da Cidade do México, México

En este artículo se describen algunas prácticas de acoso en educación superior y se explica por qué se naturalizan. También se documentan las formas de resistencia narradas por algunas estudiantes y profesoras. Entre enero de 2016 y marzo de 2017 se hicieron nueve entrevistas en profundidad con estudiantes que experimentaron acoso en una escuela pública que imparte la carrera de leyes en la Ciudad de México, México, además se entrevistaron a tres estudiantes varones y a dos profesoras. Los hallazgos sugieren que algunos profesores acosan selectivamente, con base en códigos de vestir relacionados con los estereotipos de género. El acoso puede ser visto como un castigo ejemplar, pues tiene fines correctivos, es decir, es parte de la disciplina escolar y de la formación identitaria de las estudiantes en esta institución. También se detectaron formas de vigilancia heteronormativa que naturalizan el acoso, al punto en que algunas lo consideran parte de un modo de vida al que hay que adaptarse para poder concluir los estudios. Otras han encontrado maneras de denunciar, a través de estrategias informales, con las que han contribuido a visibilizar y desnaturalizar esta violencia de género. Por ejemplo, algunos docentes establecen el uso de falda como requisito para presentar exámenes, sin embargo, este mandato no siempre es acatado por las estudiantes y quienes se niegan a obedecer han organizado movimientos de resistencia estudiantiles. Hasta ahora no existe una intervención de las autoridades que garantice a las mujeres espacios libres de acoso, esto hace evidente la necesidad de crear estatutos y reglamentos en educación superior que permitan definir estos delitos como graves, para así prevenir el acoso sexual.

This article describes harassment practices in higher education and explains why they are taken for granted, besides documenting forms of resistance reported by some students and professors. From January 2016 to March 2017, nine in-depth interviews were held with students who had experienced harassment at a public school of law in Mexico City, Mexico, besides interviews with three male students and two female professors. The findings suggest that some professors harass selectively, based on dress codes associated with gender stereotypes. Harassment can be viewed as an exemplary punishment with corrective purposes, or part of school discipline and the formation of female students' identity at the institution. The study also detected forms of heteronormative vigilance that take harassment for granted, to the degree that some female students consider it part of a lifestyle to which they have to adapt in order to complete their studies. Other female students have found ways of denouncing harassment, through informal strategies by which they have contributed to exposing and denaturalizing this gender violence. For example, some professors have ordered female students to wear skirts when taking exams, but this order is not always obeyed, and the students that have refused have organized resistance movements. Thus far there has been no intervention by the university administration to guarantee harassment-free spaces for women, which highlights the need to create guidelines and rules for higher education that allow typifying such acts as serious offenses and preventing sexual harassment.

Este artigo descreve algumas práticas de assédio no ensino superior e explica por que estão se naturalizando. Também se documentaram as formas de resistência narradas por algumas estudantes universitárias e professoras. Entre janeiro de 2016 e março de 2017 foram realizadas nove entrevistas em profundidade com estudantes universitárias que vivenciaram situações de assédio na faculdade pública de direito na Cidade do México, México, além de três estudantes homens e duas professoras. Delas se desprende que determinados professores assediam seletivamente, com base em códigos vestimentários relacionados com os estereótipos de gênero. O assédio pode ser visto como um castigo exemplar, tendo um propósito corretivo, isto é, seria parte da disciplina escolar e da formação identitária das universitárias daquela instituição. Também foram detectadas formas de vigilância heteronormativa que naturalizam o assédio a ponto de algumas considerá-lo parte de um modo de vida ao que precisam se adequar para conseguir concluir os estudos. Outras encontraram formas de denunciar, por meio de estratégias informais, pelas quais contribuíram para dar visibilidade e desnaturalizar esta violência de gênero. Por exemplo, apesar de alguns docentes determinarem o uso de saia como requisito para fazer as provas, nem todas as universitárias acatam tal exigência e as que recusam organizaram movimentos de resistência estudantil. Até agora, não houve qualquer ação por parte das autoridades, no sentido de garantir às mulheres espaços livres de assédio, o que realça ainda mais a necessidade de criar estatutos e regulamentos no ensino superior que tipifiquem tais delitos como graves, de modo a coibir o assédio sexual.

Negative Correlation between Altitude and COVID-19 Pandemic in Colombia: A Preliminary Report.

It has been suggested that high altitude can reduce the infectivity and case fatality rate of COVID-19. We investigated the relationship between altitude and the COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia. Epidemiological data included the number of positive cases, deaths, and the case fatality rate of COVID-19. In particular, we analyzed data from 70 cities with altitudes between 1 and 3,180 m. Correlations and linear regression models adjusted to population density were performed to examine the relationship and contribution of altitude to epidemiological variables. The case fatality rate was negatively correlated with the altitude of the cities. The incidence of cases and deaths from COVID-19 had an apparent correlation with altitude; however, these variables were better explained by population density. In general, these findings suggest that living at high altitude can reduce the impact of COVID-19, especially the case fatality rate.

Tautomerism and stereodynamics in Schiff bases from gossypol and hemigossypol with N-aminoheterocycles.

Tautomerism plays a pivotal role in structural stabilization and reactivity. Herein we investigate in detail, aided by DFT simulations, the case of gossypol, a naturally occurring atropisomeric dialdehyde showing promising properties as a male contraceptive and an antineoplasic agent. Its toxicity linked to reactive aldehydo groups can be reduced through amino conjugation. The occurrence of either imino or enamino structures is puzzling indeed and a clear-cut rationale is missing yet. N-enamine-N-enamine structures are prevalent or exclusive tautomers for Schiff bases from gossypol, while their corresponding hydrazones only possess N-imine-N-imine structures both in solution and the solid state. The modification of interactions between the lone pairs on the nitrogen atoms by altering the steric hindrance of the non-iminic nitrogen can favor enamine tautomers. This assumption has now been confirmed and, in the solid state, hydrazones from N-aminopiperidine and their cis-2,6-dimethylderivative present bis-imine and bis-enamine structures, respectively. In solution, these compounds exist in equilibrium between both structures. The tautomerization mechanism, analysis of axial chirality and aromaticity in such H-bonded pseudorings are discussed as well.

Implementation of a Competency-based Pressure Ulcer Curriculum for Medical Students: Outcomes from an Educational Intervention Study.

A paucity of research exists on medical student pressure ulcer education. PURPOSE: This study examines medical student competency outcomes following implementation of a competency-based curriculum that included a pressure ulcer component in its educational intervention. METHODS: Over a 5-year period, 645 medical students completed the curriculum, which included a preceptor-led didactic session, online study resources, clinical experiences, and a brief online competency assessment. The assessment involved knowledge of risk factors, wound staging/classification, and prevention and management strategies and included short answer and extended matching questions. A performance standard was set; students not achieving this standard underwent remediation and reassessment. The curriculum was implemented in 3 phases with quality improvement (QI) between each phase. The average competency assessment score and passing rates were determined for each phase. Mean scores for each phase were compared using an analysis of variance test. RESULTS: Mean competency assessment scores increased significantly after each QI from 17.5 (range 11-23) to 18.3 (range 12-24) to 19.8 (range 12-25) in phases 1, 2 and 3, respectively [F(2,642) = 59.502, P <.001]; the performance standard was raised after both QI points. Overall, 8.7% of students underwent remediation and reassessment, but all achieved the performance standard on their second attempt. CONCLUSION: Through a thoughtful QI process that involved carefully aligning all curricular elements (the instructional activities and the assessment), a focused and accountable curriculum was developed that ensured all medical students in the program would achieve a basic level of competency. Increasingly, accreditation agencies are asking medical schools to move toward competency-based curricula. This curriculum represents an important step in this direction.

Prebiotic-Like Condensations of Cyanamide and Glyoxal: Revisiting Intractable Biotars.

We report a detailed investigation into the nature of products that are generated by the reactions of cyanamide and glyoxal, two small molecules of astrochemical and prebiotic significance, under different experimental conditions. The experimental data suggest that the formation of oligomeric structures is related in part to the formation of insoluble tholins in the presence of oxygen-containing molecules. Although oligomerization proceeds well in water, product isolation turned out to be impractical. Instead, solid precipitates were obtained easily in acetone. Crude mixtures have been thoroughly scrutinized by spectroscopic methods, in particular NMR and mass spectroscopy (ESI mode), which are all consistent with the generation of a few functional groups that are embedded into regular chains of five- and six-membered rings, thereby pointing to a supramolecular organization. Three different models of cross-condensation and chain growth are suggested. These synthetic explorations provide further insights into the formation of complex organic matter in interstellar scenarios and extraterrestrial bodies that might have played a pivotal role in chemical evolution.

Evaluación fitoquímica y actividad antimicrobiana de tessaria integrifolia, recurso medicinal del Perú / Phytochemical evaluation and antimicrobial activity of tessaria integrifolia, medicinal resource of Peru

La leishmaniasis cutánea o "uta" es una enfermedad producida por Leishmania peruviana y transmitida en la picadura de diversas especies de mosquitos del género Lutzomyia; su terapia se basa en el uso de fármacos antimoniales pentavalentes como el estibogluconato de sodio y antimoniato de meglumine, a pesar de sus efectos colaterales. Alternativamente, la medicina tradicional usa plantas medicinales sin tener conocimiento de su modo de acción ni haberlas validado científicamente. Se realizó un estudio de Tessaria integrifolia R. et P. "pájaro bobo" con el objetivo de determinar su actividad antileishmaniásica y sus constituyentes fitoquímicos. Mediante ensayos in vitro se enfrentó las formas promastigotas de L. peruviana contra el extracto metabólico de las flores de T. integrifolia R. & P. a las concentraciones de 100, 50, 25, 12,5, 6,25 y 3,125 mg/mL; teniendo como droga de referencia estibogluconato de sodio y realizando las lecturas a las 24 y 72 horas. El análisis fitoquímico preliminar se efectúo mediante ensayos a la gota. Los resultados a las 24 horas mostraron que a una concentración del extracto de 100 mg/mL, se produce la lisis de las formas promastigotas de L. peruviana y a la misma concentración el estibogluconato de sodio solamente inmovilizó a los parásitos. A las 72 horas, las concentraciones menores inmovilizaron las referidas formas promastigotas del parásito, efecto similar al ocasionado por el estibogluconato de sodio. El análisis fitoquímico reveló la presencia de: esteroides, flavonoides y fenoles. Es decir, el extracto metabólico de las flores de T. integrifolia R. et P. "pájaro bobo" demostró mejor actividad antileishmaniásica que el estibogluconato de sodio.

A new model for mapping the peptide backbone: predicting proton chemical shifts in proteins.

This paper describes a methodology that correlates experimental chemical shifts (at the alpha proton) of proteins with their geometrical data (both dihedral angles and distances) obtained from 13 representative proteins, which are taken from the Protein Data Bank (PDB) and the BioMagRes Data Bank (BMRB). To this end, the experimentally measured proton chemical shifts of simple amides have been correlated with DFT-based calculated structures, at the B3PW91/6-31G* level. This results in a series of mathematical relationships, which are extrapolated to the above-mentioned proteins giving rise to a modified equation for such skeleta. It is relevant to note that the equation is also supported by a clear comparison with NMR data of a protein beyond the chosen set, such as insulin, even with lower errors. The model also relates the dependence of chemical shifts on hydrophobic and anisotropic effects at the amino acid residues.

Influence of race and ethnicity on alternative medicine as a self-treatment preference for common medical conditions in a population of multi-ethnic urban elderly.

The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is prevalent among elderly individuals. While race and ethnicity may influence the choice of CAM, it is uncertain how this influence affects an individual's choice of CAM or conventional medicine. Furthermore, it is unclear whether this choice of CAM or conventional medicine might vary for different medical conditions. A survey of CAM use was performed on a convenience sample of 338 multi-ethnic urban elderly subjects who attended clinic at two large university-affiliated hospitals over 2 years. The survey asked about individual CAM therapies used, and whether subjects would prefer conventional (prescription or over-the-counter) or CAM (herbal or other) treatment for three different medical conditions: colds, insomnia, and back pain. Hispanic ethnicity and female gender were the best predictors of CAM use. Blacks were more likely than whites to utilize CAM. Hispanics were more likely to choose herbal medications to self-treat colds and insomnia than whites or blacks, or low-back pain than whites. More Hispanics chose herbal medications to treat insomnia than over-the-counter or prescription medications.

[Evaluation of antidepressant treatment in patient with comorbidity. Using informatics technology]. / Evaluación del tratamiento antidepresivo en pacientes con comorbilidad. El uso de la informática.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the quality of care and improvement opportunities of medically ill depressed patients in a Psychiatric Facility using electronic medical records. METHODS: Observational, retrospective study. A literature review was conducted to identify and analyze evidence based quality indicators. We scored the clinical records to estimate the proportion of continuous antidepressant treatment at 12 and 24 weeks, response and remission rates at 8 weeks, the use of clinimetric scales, evidence based psychotherapeutic interventions (cognitive and interpersonal), and the emergence of antidepressant related safety events. RESULTS: Of 100 patients with an average age of 48.7 years, 49 % and 34 % received treatment during 12 and 24 weeks respectively. 50 % had response and 28 % remission at 8 weeks. Use of clinimetric scales was registered in 33 % and psychotherapeutic interventions in 28 % of the interviews. One patient had seizures related to antidepressant use. CONCLUSIONS: An increase in the proportion of patients achieving remission and the use of clinimetric scales with psychotherapeutic interventions are improvement opportunities to look for in the care of depressed patients with medical comorbidity.

Ab initio ground and excited state potential energy surfaces for NO-Kr complex and dynamics of Kr solids with NO impurity.

The intermolecular potentials for the NO(X 2Pi)-Kr and NO(A 2Sigma+)-Kr systems have been calculated using highly accurate ab initio calculations. The spin-restricted coupled cluster method for the ground 1 2A' state [NO(X 2Pi)-Kr] and the multireference singles and doubles configuration interaction method for the excited 2 2A' state [NO(A 2Sigma+)-Kr], respectively, were used. The potential energy surfaces (PESs) show two linear wells and one that is almost in the perpendicular position. An analytical representation of the PESs has been constructed for the triatomic systems and used to carry out molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the NO-doped krypton matrix response after excitation of NO. MD results are shown comparatively for three sets of potentials: (1) anisotropic ab initio potentials [NO molecule direction fixed during the dynamics and considered as a point (its center of mass)], (2) isotropic ab initio potentials (isotropic part in a Legendre polynomial expansion of the PESs), and (3) fitted Kr-NO potentials to the spectroscopic data. An important finding of this work is that the anisotropic and isotropic ab initio potentials calculated for the Kr-NO triatomic system are not suitable for describing the dynamics of structural relaxation upon Rydberg excitation of a NO impurity in the crystal. However, the isotropic ab initio potential in the ground state almost overlaps the published experimental potential, being almost independent of the angle asymmetry. This fact is also manifested in the radial distribution function around NO. However, in the case of the excited state the isotropic ab initio potential differs from the fitted potentials, which indicates that the Kr-NO interaction in the matrix is quite different because of the presence of the surrounding Kr atoms acting on the NO molecule. MD simulations for isotropic potentials reasonably reproduce the experimental observables for the femtosecond response and the bubble size but do not match spectroscopic results. A general overall view of the results suggests that, when the Kr-NO interaction takes place inside the matrix, potentials are rather symmetric and less repulsive than those for the triatomic system.