[Modern approaches to the surgical treatment of chronic tonsillitis]. / Sοvremennye pοdkhοdy k khirurgicheskοmu lecheniyu khrοnicheskοgο tοnzillita.

At the moment, all over the world there are a large number of various methods of surgical treatment of chronic tonsillitis. In particular: classical tonsillectomy, cryosurgical method for removing the palatine tonsils, shaver tonsillectomy, monopolar and bipolar tonsillectomy, tonsillectomy with an ultrasonic scalpel, bipolar dissection using cutting instruments, laser tonsillectomy, coldablation. This article analyzes the existing methods, describes the fundamental technique for their implementation, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. Given the abundance of various surgical approaches to the treatment of chronic tonsillitis, there is a need for studies aimed at comparative study of their clinical and microbiological efficacy, including the postoperative period.

[Palatine tonsils: physiology and pathology]. / Nebnye mindaliny: fiziologiia i patologiia.

The article presents modern ideas about the etiology, pathogenesis, and features of the clinical picture of chronic tonsillar pathology. Specific attention is paid to the classification of chronic tonsillitis, in particular the classification of B.S. Preobrazhensky - V.T. Palchun. Data on modern methods for assessing the morphofunctional state of palatine tonsils, including immunohistochemical studies, are presented. Modern approaches to therapy are considered.

[Otogenic and rhinogenic intracranial complications: meningitis and brain abscess in adults]. / Vnutricherepnye oslozhneniia vospalitel'nykh zabolevanii nosa i ukha: meningit i abstsessy mozga u vzroslykh.

The purpose of this study is to review etiology, diagnosis and management strategies of rhinogenic and otogenic meningitis and brain abscess in adults. Current diagnostic procedures, effective surgery and antibiotic treatment are discussed. The clinical case of diagnosis and successful treatment of the patient with rhinogenic meningitis and brain abscesses is presented.

[Ramsay Hunt syndrome with hearing loss and vertigo]. / Sindrom Ramseia-Khanta s kokhleovestibulopatiei.

The article contains literature review on etiology, natural history and treatment of Ramsay Hunt syndrome. Differential diagnosis in case of 8th cranial nerve involvement is discussed. We present a case of the patient with Ramsay Hunt syndrome with hearing loss and vertigo is described. Clinical symptoms and diagnosis of sensorineural hearing loss and acute unilateral vestibulopathy are presented. The successful treatment of the patient resulted in complete facial nerve recovery, hearing improvement and partial recovery of vestibular function.

[The enhanced efficiency of nystagmus detection using the modified Frenzel goggles with congenerous illumination]. / Povyshenie effektivnosti diagnostiki nistagma pri pomoshchi modifitsirovannykh ochkov Frenzelya.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency and convenience of using the new modified Frenzel goggles in diagnostics of spontaneous nystagmus. It was shown that the modified Frenzel goggles provide more homogeneous lightening of the eyes and better diagnosis of peripheral latent spontaneous nystagmus in comparison with the traditional Frenzel goggles, available at the market. The questionnaire survey held among the doctors using both types of the goggles showed that the modified Frenzel goggles are more convenient for detecting spontaneous nystagmus in everyday practice.

[Surgical treatment of congenital atresia of the external acoustic meatus in a child and audiological prognosis of its outcome]. / Audiologicheskoye prognozirovaniye rezul'tatov i khirurgicheskoye lecheniye pri vrozhdennoy atrezii naruzhnogo slukhovogo prokhoda u rebenka.

After detailed audiological examination a 11-year-old boy was surgically treated for a congenital complete left atresia of the acoustic meatus. The operation consisted of creation of the acoustic meatus, plastic reconstruction of the external opening of the acoustic meatus with one-stage tympenoplasty. The treatment provided good cosmetic and functional results confirmed by consequitive audiometric examinations. The operation was characterized by the absence of the antrum.

[Intravascular laser irradiation of the blood in the treatment of suppurative septic complications in otorhinolaryngology]. / Primenenie vnutrisosudistogo lazernogo oblucheniia krovi pri gnoino-septicheskikh oslozhneniiakh v otorinolaringologii.

The paper reviews the results of intravascular laser radiation (ILR) for pyoseptic complications in 8 patients with otogenic and 2 patients with rhinogenic meningitis, 1 patient with cavernous sinus thrombosis and 5 patients with Dupuytren's phlegmon. The adjuvant to conventional treatment use of ILR activates immune system, improves rheological blood characteristics, enhances tissue regeneration.

[Audiometry in the diagnosis of cerebral ischemia complicated with acute subarachnoidal hemorrhage]. / Audiometriia v diagnostike ishemii golovnogo mozga v ostrom periode subarakhnoidalnogo krovoizliianiia.

Hearing investigations (speech, tuning fork, pure-tone threshold audiometry) were conducted in 35 patients (18 males and 17 females aged 30-55) with acute subarachnoidal hemorrhage (ASH) which was spontaneous in 16 and resultant from rupture of the arterial aneurysm in 19 patients. Angiography registered in them local (11 patients), regional (14 patients) and diffuse (10 patients) spasm of cerebral vessels. Speech and tuning fork testing proved no hearing loss. Pure-tone audiometry, on the contrary, revealed bilateral or symmetrical (in 91% and 71% of the examinees, respectively) hearing loss in the majority of the patients (95.5%). Low-frequency and medium-frequency tones were received at slightly higher thresholds (20-25 dB). These thresholds were virtually similar in all the patients irrespective of the spasm severity and site. High-frequency sounds, especially 8000 Hz, were received inadequately almost by all the test subjects, the hearing thresholds being related to vasospasm severity, spread and location. These were 17-31 dB, 35-52 dB, 35-60 dB, 42-70 dB in patients with compensated and local arterial spasm, subcompensated and regional spasm, decompensated and diffuse spasm, basilar artery spasm, respectively. Pure-tone threshold audiometry can provide the basis for evaluating the severity, spreading and location of arterial spasm in ASH in acute phase and is recommended for examination of the above patients.

[Pharmacologic therapy in pharyngitis]. / Medikamentoznaia terapiia pri faringite.

The authors review general principles guiding chemotherapy of acute and chronic pharyngitis. Drugs are listed which are thought the best for each particular form of pharyngitis.

[Para-tonsillitis -- debatable questions of treatment techniques]. / Paratonzillit -- spornye voprosy lechebnoi taktiki.

The authors review variants of therapeutic policy in paratonsillitis. They think it necessary to perform in paratonsillar abscess abscess-tonsillectomy on the affected and tonsillectomy on the collateral side. Follow-up results are presented for cases of paratonsillitis treated in the ENT clinic of the Russian Medical University throughout 1990-1992.

[Contradictions in pathology of the inner ear]. / Protivorechivye aspekty patologii vnutrennego ukha.

The paper reports the results achieved on the treatment of 193 patients with polyetiological cochleovestibulopathy (PC). Clinical and experimental findings urge a strict differential-diagnostic approach to PC treatment. Original techniques are provided on endaural pharmacophysical management of the labyrinth disorders.

[Method for angiographic identification of the labyrinth artery]. / Metod angiograficheskoi identifikatsii labirintnoi arterii.

Digital subtraction angiography in Stenvers standard setting performed atraimatically has been tried in 106 emergency cases admitted to N. V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Critical Care. This new method of identification (in 75% of the cases) and verification of the labyrinthine artery intravitally proved safe and reliable. The patients were exposed to cerebral angiography by various methods for diagnosis of the underlying disease. Standard methods of vertebral angiography were found unsatisfactory.

[Radiologic anatomy of the labyrinth artery]. / Rentrenoanatomiia labirintnoi arterii.

Carotid and vertebral angiographic investigations were performed to study x-ray anatomy of the artery of the labyrinth (AL) in 96 inpatients admitted to the N. F. Sklifosovsky emergency care clinic. According to the angiograms, AL originated from the distal parts of the inferior anterior cerebellar artery in 66.3% of the patients. In this case it has a straight form. When initiating from the proximal parts of the basilar artery (33.7% of the patients), AL was shorter (0.8 +/- 0.3 against 2.5 +/- 0.8 cm) and curved. In any case AL was situated along the upper edge of the pyramid before it entered the internal acoustic meatus. By the meatus or inside it AL forms a characteristic loop or semiloop. A complete AL left-right symmetry was observed in 61.8% of the cases.