Hysteroscopic Myomectomy.

Hysteroscopic myomectomy is the treatment of choice for symptomatic submucosal myomas, with excellent success rate and low complication rate.

Long-term Follow-up of Patients Undergoing Endoscopic Intervention for Abdominal Pain with Minimal Biliary Ductal Dilation, Stone Disease, or Malignancy.

BACKGROUND: Safety and efficacy of endoscopic methods in management of biliary colic after cholecystectomy in patients with minimal biliary ductal dilation and no evidence of biliary stones or malignancy have not been clearly demonstrated. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of endoscopic management of such patients. METHODS: The University of Louisville database was queried for patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for colicky abdominal pain between 1996 and 2016 who had a common bile duct (CBD) diameter of ≤12 mm. All patients had undergone prior cholecystectomy and were free of malignancy. Demographic, serologic, procedural, and outcome variables were assessed. RESULTS: A total of 35 patients underwent a total of 99 ERCPs. Median CBD diameter was 10 (range 4-12) mm. A total of 31 patients (89%) underwent sphincterotomy, 28 (80%) underwent stent placement, and 5 (14%) underwent balloon dilation. The median number of ERCPs performed was 2 (range 1-10). Three of the 35 patients (9%) developed post-ERCP pancreatitis at some point during their treatment. At last follow-up since initial ERCP (median 16 months, range 2.4-184 months), 12 (34%) patients endorsed abdominal pain and 11 (31%) reported experiencing nausea. CONCLUSION: For select patients with abdominal pain in the setting of minimal CBD dilation and no evidence of stone disease or malignancy, ERCP can safely and effectively be used to manage symptoms. While patients may require multiple interventions, they can derive long-term relief from these procedures.

Massive recurrent hemoperitoneum with encapsulating peritonitis: another enigmatic clinical feature of endometriosis.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical characteristics and laparoscopic findings of a very uncommon presentation of a patient with endometriosis. DESIGN: Video presentation of case report (Canadian Task Force classification III). (The institutional review board of the Hospital Naval Pedro Mallo, Buenos Aires, Argentina, has ruled that approval was not required for the publication of this case report.) SETTING: Hospital. PATIENT(S): Thirty-two-year-old woman with endometriosis presenting with hemorrhagic ascites. INTERVENTION(S): We demonstrate the laparoscopic appearance of the peritoneal organs in the presence of massive hemoperitoneum and encapsulating peritonitis and also describe the diagnosis and management options of an uncommon clinical presentation of endometriosis. The patient is a 32-year-old woman, gravida 0, who presented with abdominal pain and ascites. Initially, she underwent exploratory laparotomy with drainage of 5 liters of ascites and excision of endometrial peritoneal implants. She then presented 4 months later with sudden worsening abdominal pain and distention, weight gain, bloating, and shortness of breath. A diagnostic laparoscopy was performed with the findings of over 10 liters of dark hemoperitoneum and diffuse pelviperitonitis with loose necrotic, easy to remove, dense peritoneal tissue. Patient was started on triptorelin acetate with great response. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Resolution of the symptomatology secondary to hemorrhagic peritonitis. RESULT(S): Clinical improvement of symptomatology of a patient with endometriosis and hemorrhagic ascites. CONCLUSION(S): Endometriosis can have different clinical presentations. Endometriosis should be a differential diagnosis in women of reproductive age presenting with massive hemorrhagic ascites. Hemorrhagic ascites, considered an exceedingly rare clinical course of endometriosis, represents a challenge to the surgeon who is unfamiliar with this condition. Bilateral oophorectomy is the definitive treatment, but conservative therapy is indicated for women of childbearing age. Diagnostic laparoscopy with drainage of hemoperitoneum is a feasible option to obtain a pathology-confirmed diagnosis in patients presenting with hemoperitoneum secondary to pelvic endometriosis. Awareness of this condition will prevent unnecessary aggressive resection, as is commonly performed when the condition is confused with ovarian cancer.

Comparative effectiveness of dipeptidylpeptidase-4 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and mixed treatment comparison.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the safety and efficacy of the dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes and inadequate glycemic control. DESIGN: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), health economic evaluation studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses, followed by primary Bayesian mixed treatment comparison meta-analyses (MTCs), and secondary frequentist direct-comparison meta-analyses using a random-effects model. Outcomes were reported as weighted mean change from baseline, or odds ratio (OR) with 95% credible interval. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process, EMBASE, and BIOSIS via Dialog ProQuest; Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews via EBSCO; four diabetes and two technical congress abstracts; and health technology assessment organization websites. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Patients with type 2 diabetes and inadequate glycemic control receiving any pharmacological anti-diabetic treatment. DATA EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS: Title/abstracts were reviewed for eligibility, followed by full-text review of publications remaining after first pass. A three-person team filtered articles and an independent reviewer checked a random selection (10%) of filtered articles. Data extraction and quality assessment of studies were also independently reviewed. Five DPP-4 inhibitors (alogliptin, linagliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin, and vildagliptin) were compared via meta-analysis (where data were available) as monotherapy, dual therapy (plus metformin, sulfonylurea, pioglitazone, or insulin), and triple therapy (plus metformin/sulfonylurea). RESULTS: The review identified 6,601 articles; 163 met inclusion criteria and 85 publications from 83 RCTs contained sufficient or appropriate data for analysis. MTCs demonstrated no differences between DPP-4 inhibitors in mean change from baseline in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) or body weight, or the proportions of patients achieving HbA1c <7% or experiencing a hypoglycemic event, apart from in patients on alogliptin plus metformin, who achieved HbA1c <7% more frequently than those treated with saxagliptin plus metformin [OR 6.41 (95% CI 3.15-11.98) versus 2.17 (95% CI 1.56-2.95)]. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review and MTC showed similar efficacy and safety for DPP-4 inhibitors as treatment for type 2 diabetes, either as monotherapy or combination therapy.