Wearable Devices in Diving: Scoping Review.

BACKGROUND: Wearables and their benefits for the safety and well-being of users have been widely studied and have had an enormous impact on the general development of these kinds of devices. Yet, the extent of research into the use and impact of wearable devices in the underwater environment is comparatively low. In the past 15 years, there has been an increased interest in research into wearables that are used underwater, as the use of such wearables has steadily grown over time. However, there has so far been no clear indication in the literature about the direction in which efforts for the design and construction of underwater wearable devices are developing. Therefore, the analysis presented in this scoping review establishes a good and powerful basis for the further development and orientation of current underwater wearables within the field. OBJECTIVE: In this scoping review, we targeted wearable devices for underwater use to make a comprehensive map of their capabilities and features and discuss the general direction of the development of underwater wearables and the orientation of research into novel prototypes of these kinds of devices. METHODS: In September 2021, we conducted an extensive search for existing literature on 4 databases and for grey literature to identify developed prototypes and early-stage products that were described and tested in water, could be worn and interacted with (eg, displays, buttons, etc), and were fully functional without external equipment. The studies were written in English, came from peer-reviewed academic sources, and were published between 2005 and 2021. We reviewed each title and abstract. The data extraction process was carried out by one author and verified by another author. RESULTS: In total, 36 relevant studies were included. Among these, 4 different categories were identified; 18 studies dealt primarily with safety devices, 9 dealt with underwater communication devices, 7 dealt with head-up displays, and 2 dealt with underwater human-computer interaction approaches. Although the safety devices seemed to have gained the most interest at the time of this study, a clear trend toward underwater communication wearables was identified. CONCLUSIONS: This review sought to provide a first insight into the possibilities and challenges of the technologies that have been used in and for wearable devices that are meant for use in the underwater environment. Among these, underwater communication technologies have had the most significant influence on future developments. Moreover, a topic that has not received enough attention but should be further addressed is human-computer interaction. By developing underwater wearables that cover 2 or more of the technology categories that we identified, the extent of the benefits of such devices can be significantly increased in the future.

Is "Self-Experience" Really a Transdiagnostic Concept? Preliminary Evidence in Favor of the Transdiagnostic Conception of Functional Analytic Psychotherapy.

Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP) offers a radically behavioral and transdiagnostic conception of the formation of the "self" and the appearance of a diversity of psychological problems. This study examined the extent to which a wide variety of psychological disorders (somatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility/aggressiveness, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, and psychoticism) and a global index of psychopathological severity may in fact be linked to problems of the "self" according to the FAP conception. Two questionnaires, one related to self-experience according to FAP and the other to find the scores on several different psychopathology scales, were administered to 280 adult Spaniards for this purpose. The results confirmed the transdiagnostic nature of the "self"-experience. There are significant and strong correlations between all the psychopathology scales studied and self-experience. Linear regression analyses also show that, along with age and gender, in some cases, the score on self-experience predicts each and every one of the psychopathological variables studied, in addition to the Global Severity Index. These results are discussed and related to the transdiagnostic approach to psychopathology.

Recubrimiento directo con agregado trióxido mineral (MTA) comparado con hidróxido de calcio para caries dentinaria profunda en pacientes con dentición permanente / Direct pulp capping using mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) versus calcium hydroxide for deep dental caries in permanent dentition

RESUMEN: Introducción: El recubrimiento pulpar directo es un método para tratar la pulpa vital expuesta conservando su vitalidad. Tradicionalmente se ha utilizado el hidróxido de calcio como material de elección para este tratamiento, sin embargo, sus efectos adversos han promovido el desarrollo y utilización de agregado trióxido mineral (MTA), del cual aún existe controversia sobre una mayor efectividad. Métodos: Realizamos una búsqueda en Epistemonikos, la mayor base de datos de revisiones sistemáticas en salud, la cual es mantenida mediante el cribado de múltiples fuentes de información, incluyendo MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, entre otras. Extrajimos los datos desde las revisiones identificadas, analizamos los datos de los estudios primarios, realizamos un metanálisis y preparamos una tabla de resumen de los resultados utilizando el método GRADE. Resultados y conclusiones: Identificamos cuatro revisiones sistemáticas que en conjunto incluyeron siete estudios primarios, de los cuales, cuatro corresponden a ensayos aleatorizados. Concluimos que el recubrimiento directo con agregado trióxido mineral (MTA) comparado con hidróxido de calcio probablemente aumenta el éxito clínico y que podría aumentar la sobrevida pulpar, pero la certeza de la evidencia es baja.

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Direct pulp capping has been suggested as the treatment of exposed vital pulp. Conventionally calcium hydroxide (CH) has been the main biomaterial option for maintaining pulp vitality, but its adverse effects have promoted the development and use of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). However, there is still uncertainty regarding its effectiveness. Methods: We searched in Epistemonikos, the largest database of systematic reviews in health, which is maintained by screening multiple information sources, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, among others. We extracted data from the systematic reviews, reanalyzed data of primary studies, conducted a meta-analysis and generated a summary of findings table using the GRADE approach. Results and conclusions: We identified four systematic reviews including seven studies overall, of which four were randomized trials. We conclude that direct pulp capping with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) probably improves clinical success rate and may improve pulp survival rate, however, the certainty of the evidence has been assessed as low.

Quem tecla?: pesquisa exploratória sobre o público do museu virtual Invivo / Who keys?: exploratory research on the publics virtual museum Invivo

Face à participação da ciência em nosso cotidiano, a divulgação científica desempenha um papel crucial na conquista da cidadania e constitui-se em um importante instrumento no processo de aprendizagem por livre escolha. Com o intuito de reforçar sua atuação nesse campo, museus e centros de ciência, meios tradicionais de divulgação da ciência, voltam-se cada vez mais para as novas tecnologias de informação e comunicação e preocupam-se em avaliar o impacto de sua presença virtual. Com o objetivo de traçar um perfil preliminar do público do museu virtual Invivo, do Museu da Vida, desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa exploratória, utilizando três métodos de investigação: análise de log do servidor, page-tagging e um questionário on-line. Um levantamento histórico da visitação registrou que, entre 2005 e 2008, houve um aumento de 340por cento no número de visitas únicas e de 295por cento no número de páginas acessadas. Estes dados demonstram o crescimento expressivo do site, quando comparados com as estatísticas oficiais brasileiras que mostram, entre 2005 e 2007, aumento de 28por cento de brasileiros que já tinha acessado a Internet pelo menos uma vez e de 41por cento daqueles quem utilizavam esse meio habitualmente. A análise indicou também um cerscimento expressivo da visitação no início do período escolar e queda durante as férias, bem como dias úteis movimentados e fins de semana mais calmos. Curvas semelhantes foram detectadas em outros estudos sobre museus. O pico da visitação se dá no horário da tarde, o que sugere uma concentração de estudantes do segundo segmento do ensino fundamental e do ensino médio (a partir de 11/12 anos). A importância do público escolar na visitação ao Invivo é comprovada ainda pelo alto índice de acesso às matérias mais vinculadas ao currículo. Respondido espontaneamente por 209 visitantes, o questionário online permitiu obter dados demográficos, sobre motivações e uma avaliação do site. O visitante virtual é principalmente do sexo feminino (77,9por cento), majoritariamente adulto e com formação universitária. A preferência como atividade cultural pela leitura de livros (79.90por cento), seguida pela Internet (77.03por cento), são dados que apontam para um grupo culturalmente privilegiado e com hábitos diferentes do perfil brasileiro. O site foi aprovado por 91por cento dos usuários. A linguagem e o conteúdo educacional foram outros pontos que receberam avaliação positiva. Os participantes solicitaram mais material de apoio ao professor, experiências, jogos e artigos sobre como as coisas funcionam, prevenção à saúde, ciência e tecnologia de ponta, ambiente, fenômenos da natureza e controvérsias e riscos da ciência. Os usuários sugeriram, também, maior interatividade, com o incentivo ao diálogo e a promoção de debates, e mais recursos, como imagens e fotos exuberantes, infográficos e vídeos.